scholarly journals Hydrocracking of a Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil with Fischer–Tropsch Wax

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5497
Author(s):  
Olga Pleyer ◽  
Dan Vrtiška ◽  
Petr Straka ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
Jan Jenčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Heavy Petroleum ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

Catalytic hydrocracking represents an optimal process for both heavy petroleum fractions and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) wax upgrading because it offers high flexibility regarding the feedstock, reaction conditions and products’ quality. The hydrocracking of a heavy vacuum gas oil with FT wax was carried out in a continuous-flow catalytic unit with a fixed-bed reactor and a co-current flow of the feedstock and hydrogen at the reaction temperatures of 390, 400 and 410 °C and a pressure of 8 MPa. The increasing reaction temperature and content of the FT wax in the feedstock caused an increasing yield in the gaseous products and a decreasing yield in the liquid products. The utilisation of the higher reaction temperatures and feedstocks containing the FT wax showed a positive influence on the conversion of the fraction boiling above 400 °C to lighter fractions. Although the naphtha and middle distillate fractions obtained via atmospheric and vacuum distillations of the liquid products of hydrocracking did not comply with the particular quality standards of automotive gasolines and diesel fuels, the obtained products still present valuable materials which could be utilised within an oil refinery and in the petrochemical industry.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gas Oil in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 16595-16601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Faraji ◽  
Samyar Zabihi ◽  
Mahdi Ghadiri ◽  
Sepehr Sadighi ◽  
Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling

scholarly journals Cleaner Fuel Production via Co-Processing of Vacuum Gas Oil with Rapeseed Oil Using a Novel NiW/Acid-Modified Phonolite Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8497
Author(s):  
Jakub Frątczak ◽  
Nikita Sharkov ◽  
Hector De Paz Carmona ◽  
Zdeněk Tišler ◽  
Jose M. Hidalgo-Herrador
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
High Investment

Clean biofuels are a helpful tool to comply with strict emission standards. The co-processing approach seems to be a compromise solution, allowing the processing of partially bio-based feedstock by utilizing existing units, overcoming the need for high investment in new infrastructures. We performed a model co-processing experiment using vacuum gas oil (VGO) mixed with different contents (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100%) of rapeseed oil (RSO), utilizing a nickel–tungsten sulfide catalyst supported on acid-modified phonolite. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed flow reactor at 420 °C, a hydrogen pressure of 18 MPa, and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 3 h−1. Surprisingly, the catalyst stayed active despite rising oxygen levels in the feedstock. In the liquid products, the raw diesel (180–360 °C) and jet fuel (120–290 °C) fraction concentrations increased together with increasing RSO share in the feedstock. The sulfur content was lower than 200 ppm for all the products collected using feedstocks with an RSO share of up to 50%. However, for all the products gained from the feedstock with an RSO share of ≥50%, the sulfur level was above the threshold of 200 ppm. The catalyst shifted its functionality from hydrodesulfurization to (hydro)decarboxylation when there was a higher ratio of RSO than VGO content in the feedstock, which seems to be confirmed by gas analysis where increased CO2 content was found after the change to feedstocks containing 50% or more RSO. According to the results, NiW/acid-modified phonolite is a suitable catalyst for the processing of feedstocks with high triglyceride content.

Role of zeolite content in Ni-Mo/β-USY zeolite catalyst on hydrocracking of n-hexadecane and vacuum gas oil in a batch reactor and a fixed-bed reactor

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Hadi ◽  
H.R. Bozorgzadeh ◽  
H.R. Aghabozorg ◽  
M.R. Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Usy Zeolite ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Temperature Programmed

In this paper, different materials that involved amorphous silica–alumina and hydrothermally synthesized beta zeolite and treated Y zeolite (USY) were introduced as parts of the hydrocracking catalyst supports. The prepared supports were used for preparation of Ni-Mo/silica alumina–zeolite catalysts by wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and field emission – scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM) methods. Effect of zeolite type and content on hydrocracking of n-hexadecane and vacuum gas oil in a batch and a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. Also, the content of coke formed after reaction was measured by thermal gravimetric methods (TGA). Hydrocracking was done at 400 °C and 55 bar. The hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil results showed that in the Ni-Mo/10B-30USY catalyst containing higher USY zeolite with high total acidity, selectivity to middle distillate was higher than the other (90%). Moreover, the Ni-Mo/10B-30USY catalyst in hydrocracking of n-hexadecane had a higher yield (82%) and was more selective to heavier products (C9–C12). The findings indicated that in the Ni-Mo/10B-30USY catalyst, coke content was more than the other due to high acidity.

Hydrocracking of Fischer‐Tropsch wax and its mixtures with heavy vacuum gas oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyong Xing ◽  
Antonio G. De Crisci ◽  
Jinwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

Experimental Study on Co-hydroprocessing Canola Oil and Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 3306-3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwen Chen ◽  
Hena Farooqi ◽  
Craig Fairbridge
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

scholarly journals Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil Upregulates the Rhamnosyltransferases and Quorum Sensing Cascades of Rhamnolipids Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. AK6U

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4122
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Alkhalaf ◽  
Ahmed R. Ramadan ◽  
Christian Obuekwe ◽  
Ashraf M. El Nayal ◽  
Nasser Abotalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

We followed a comparative approach to investigate how heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) affects the expression of genes involved in biosurfactants biosynthesis and the composition of the rhamnolipid congeners in Pseudomonas sp. AK6U. HVGO stimulated biosurfactants production as indicated by the lower surface tension (26 mN/m) and higher yield (7.8 g/L) compared to a glucose culture (49.7 mN/m, 0.305 g/L). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the biosurfactants production genes rhlA and rhlB were strongly upregulated in the HVGO culture during the early and late exponential growth phases. To the contrary, the rhamnose biosynthesis genes algC, rmlA and rmlC were downregulated in the HVGO culture. Genes of the quorum sensing systems which regulate biosurfactants biosynthesis exhibited a hierarchical expression profile. The lasI gene was strongly upregulated (20-fold) in the HVGO culture during the early log phase, whereas both rhlI and pqsE were upregulated during the late log phase. Rhamnolipid congener analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a much higher proportion (up to 69%) of the high-molecularweight homologue Rha–Rha–C10–C10 in the HVGO culture. The results shed light on the temporal and carbon source-mediated shifts in rhamonlipids’ composition and regulation of biosynthesis which can be potentially exploited to produce different rhamnolipid formulations tailored for specific applications.

Effect of CO Conversion on the Product Distribution of a Co/Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Using a Fixed Bed Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir B. Bukur ◽  
Zhendong Pan ◽  
Wenping Ma ◽  
Gary Jacobs ◽  
Burtron H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Co Conversion

scholarly journals Valuable Chemicals Derived from Pyrolysis Liquid Products of Spirulina platensis Residue

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Budhijanto Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Avido Yuliestyan ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Interesting Alternative

With a motto of preserving nature, the use of renewable resources for the fulfillment of human needs has been seen echoing these days. In response, microalgae, a water-living microorganism, is perceived as an interesting alternative due to its easy-to-cultivate nature. One of the microalgae, which possess the potential for being the future source of energy, food, and health, is Spirulina plantesis. Aiming to identify valuable chemicals possibly derived from it, catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis process of the residue of S. plantesis microalgae has been firstly carried out in a fixed-bed reactor over the various temperature of 300, 400, 500, 550 and 600 °C. The resulting vapor was condensed so that the liquid product consisting of the top product (oil phase) and the bottom product (water phase) can be separated. The composition of each product was then analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the oil phase yield, the increase of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the decrease of the oxygenated have been observed along with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, which might be useful for fuel application. Interestingly, their water phase composition also presents some potential chemicals, able to be used as antioxidants, vitamins and food additives.

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