scholarly journals Effect of Soiling on Solar Photovoltaic Performance under Desert Climatic Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Idris Al Siyabi ◽  
Arwa Al Mayasi ◽  
Aiman Al Shukaili ◽  
Sourav Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Canopy Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Car Park

The solar irradiation at the gulf Arabia is considered one of the highest in the world. However, this region is classified as a desert with high dust accumulation. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of soiling and the photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle on the performance of 2.0 MWp of car park PV plant in Oman. Experimental measurements were taken and a model was developed for simulation. The power generation by the cleaned PV system was measured as 1460 kW around noon. After one week of operation, the power production (at the same irradiance level) reduced to 1390 kW due to soiling. It further reduced to 1196 kW and 904 kW after three and five weeks of operation, respectively. The results also show that a soiling-percentage of 7.5% reduced the monthly electricity generation (307 MWh) by 5.6% and a soiling-percentage of 12.5% reduced the generation by 10.8%. Furthermore, the increase in tilt is not recommended due to the duo-pitch canopy effect of the car park where the panels with 180° azimuth generate lower electricity than the panels with 0° azimuth. In addition, the part of the car park with 180° azimuth caused shading to the other part for high tilt angles.

Identifying land cover suitability factors for photovoltaic installations with focus on cropland and urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Yeligeti ◽  
Wenxuan Hu ◽  
Yvonne Scholz ◽  
Kai von Krbek
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements

<p>Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems will foreseeably be an integral part of future energy systems. Land cover area analysis has a large influence on estimatiin of long-term solar photovoltaic potential of the world in high spatial detail. In this regard, it is often seen in contemporary works, that the suitability of various land cover categories for PV installation is considered in a yes/no binary response. While some areas like natural parks, sanctuaries, forests are usually completely exempted from PV potential calculations, other land over categories like urban settlements, bare, sparsely vegetated areas, and even cropland can principally support PV installations to varying degrees. This depends on the specific land use competition, social, economic and climatic conditions, etc. In this study, we attempt to evaluate these ‘factors of suitability’ of different land cover types for PV installations.</p><p>As a basis, the openly available global land cover datasets from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service were used to identify major land cover types like cropland, shrubland, bare, wetlands, urban settlements, forests, moss and snow etc. For open area PV installations, with a focus on cropland, we incorporated the promising technology of ‘Agri-voltaics’ in our investigation. Different crops have shown to respond positively or negatively, so far, to growing under PV panels according to various experimental and commercial sources. Hence, we considered 18 major crops of the world (covering 85% of world cropland) individually and consequently, evaluated a weighted overall suitability factor of cropland cover for PV, for three acceptance scenarios of future.</p><p>For rooftop PV installations in urban areas, various socio-economic and geographical influences come in play. The rooftop area available and further usable for PV depends on housing patterns (roof type, housing density) which vary with climate, population density and socio-economic lifestyle. We classified global urban areas into several clusters based on combinations of these factors. For each cluster, rooftop area suitability is evaluated at a representative location using the land cover maps, the Open Street Map and specific characteristics of the cluster.</p><p>Overall, we present an interdisciplinary approach to integrate technological, social and economic aspects in land cover analysis to estimate PV potentials. While the intricacies may still be insufficient for planning small localized energy systems, this can reasonably benefit energy system modelling from a regional to international scale.</p>

Performance of a Small Network of Grid Interactive, Residential Solar Photovoltaic Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Prusa ◽  
John D. Morris ◽  
John D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Palm Beach County ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Geometrical Information

The performance of a network of five recently installed, grid interactive residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Palm Beach County, FL is analyzed, and a probabilistic model for estimating the performance the network is developed. To first order, integrated network performance — whatever the combination of individual PV arrays — can be estimated using generalized tilt factors. These take into account basic geometrical information such as array size/orientation and solar position; as well as atmospheric effects, and module efficiencies. They are computed using a model termed the solar simulator that integrates the instantaneous solar irradiation striking a given PV system over a day. The resulting estimates for mean network performance are within ∼ 6% of the observed values. At present, work on estimators of higher moments of the energy production distribution is incomplete, but local meteorological factors that may influence their values as well as data (Pearson correlations and distribution skewness) useful for future developments are discussed.

Theoretical Study and Mathematical Modeling of Plate-Pin Fin Heat Exchanger for Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 1138-1146
Author(s):  
R. Vijaykumar ◽  
T. Mukesh ◽  
R. Rudramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pin Fin

Solar photovoltaic (PV) plays a major role in the renewable energy sector in the field of power production. Production of electricity from solar PV is gaining rapid importance due to its cleaner energy production capacity and it’s adaptability to various climatic conditions. PV cells suffer noticeable drop in efficiency as their operating temperature increases beyond a certain limit. In such cases cooling of the PV cells becomes mandatory. Since the efficiencies of PV cells are in the lower range (a maximum of 18%), a highly effective, inexpensive cooling system is necessary to be employed. Air cooling provides a solution to this cause and is meant to be an better counterpart to water cooling since it overcomes the problems of water cooling such as silt formation, evaporation, soiling and reflection losses. This paper presents a simple mathematical PV/T model to design the cooling system using plate-pin fin extended surface heat exchanger model. A relationship between the heat dissipated and the number of fins along with its dependence on individual fin area is also developed. This model will provide the researchers to design their cooling system according to their PV system geometry.

scholarly journals Reduction of solar photovoltaic resources due to air pollution in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. 11867-11872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Li ◽  
Fabian Wagner ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Junnan Yang ◽  
Denise L. Mauzerall
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The Impact

Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation is expanding rapidly in China, with total capacity projected to be 400 GW by 2030. However, severe aerosol pollution over China reduces solar radiation reaching the surface. We estimate the aerosol impact on solar PV electricity generation at the provincial and regional grid levels in China. Our approach is to examine the 12-year (2003–2014) average reduction in point-of-array irradiance (POAI) caused by aerosols in the atmosphere. We apply satellite-derived surface irradiance data from the NASA Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) with a PV performance model (PVLIB-Python) to calculate the impact of aerosols and clouds on POAI. Our findings reveal that aerosols over northern and eastern China, the most polluted regions, reduce annual average POAI by up to 1.5 kWh/m2per day relative to pollution-free conditions, a decrease of up to 35%. Annual average reductions of POAI over both northern and eastern China are about 20–25%. We also evaluate the seasonal variability of the impact and find that aerosols in this region are as important as clouds in winter. Furthermore, we find that aerosols decrease electricity output of tracking PV systems more than those with fixed arrays: over eastern China, POAI is reduced by 21% for fixed systems at optimal angle and 34% for two-axis tracking systems. We conclude that PV system performance in northern and eastern China will benefit from improvements in air quality and will facilitate that improvement by providing emission-free electricity.

On the effect of geographical, topographic and climatic conditions on feed-in tariff optimization for solar photovoltaic electricity generation: A case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Omid Nematollahi ◽  
Majid Kiavarz ◽  
Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Feed In Tariff

scholarly journals Performance Analyses of DC- DC Converter with Controller for PV Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7507-7513
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Voltage Ripple ◽  
The World ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Performance Analyses

The utility of electric power plays a major role in economic development of a country. However, the demand for electrical energy goes on increasing every day. In order to meet out the demand for electricity, Renewable Energy Source (RES) has been identified as the alternate for electricity generation. Among the various RES, PV system has added consideration throughout the world due to its easy accessibility, boundless nature and of low maintenance cost. Since the voltage obtained from PV is not suitable for high power applications, a DC/DC step up converter is introduced. This converter should have reduced output voltage ripple which is an important factor that influences the overall performance of PV system. Hence, this work studied about the different topology of converter suitable for PV systems to have a better efficiency.

Solar Energy Assessment in Various Regions of Indian Sub-continent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johny Renoald Albert ◽  
Dishore Shunmugham Vanaja
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

The demand for sustainable energy has increased significantly over the years due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. The solar photovoltaic system has been the advantage of converting solar irradiation directly to electricity, and it is suitable for most of the regions. But in the case of solar energy conversion, the voltage evolved from the solar photovoltaic cells is not adequate to meet the energy demand. Therefore, the converters and inverters with energy storage systems are used to fulfill the energy demand. These conversion architectures create new challenges for effective management of the grid. Due to the evaluation of power generation, load in a particular region or area, let us simplify with the help of the duck curve. The study is focused on the energy auditing, assessment, and measurement of solar irradiation from PV system design software. This graphical representation is implemented with a typical electricity load pattern at any region.

Electricity Production from Small-Scale Photovoltaics in Urban Areas

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-161
Author(s):  
Constantinos S. Psomopoulos ◽  
George Ch. Ioannidis ◽  
Stavros D. Kaminaris
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Utility Scale

The interest in solar photovoltaic energy is growing worldwide. Today, more than 40GW of photovoltaics have been installed all over the world. Since the 1970s, the PV system price is continuously dropping. This price drop and the adaptation of feed-in tariffs at governmental or utility scale have encouraged worldwide application of small-scale photovoltaic systems. The objective of this chapter is to present the potential for electricity production focusing mainly on the benefits of small-scale installations in urban areas, along with the growth of the global photovoltaics market. The types of installation alternatives are described but the focus is on the rooftop installations due to their simplicity and relatively low cost for urban areas. Electricity production data are presented together with their technical characteristics. Furthermore, analysis of the cost reduction is attempted and the benefits gained from the implementation of small-scale systems are also presented, demonstrating the sustainability role they will play.

scholarly journals A Solar Photovoltaic Performance and Financial Modeling Solution for Grid-Connected Homes in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katundu Imasiku
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Power Load

Zambia is today 90% hydropower dependent, but this may change because Zambia and the World at large are today facing a changing climate that affects the ecosystem, rain patterns, and spurs drought which reduces the production of hydropower. The current power deficit experienced in Zambia points to a need to deploy a renewable energy generation-mix strategy. This study conducts a solar photovoltaic performance and financial analysis for grid-connected homes in Zambia to investigate the role of solar energy as an enabler for energy security in Zambia using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM) simulation method. It further reviews the available solar irradiance, modeling a detailed grid-connected photovoltaic system using locally available products for a single owner in a power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Zambia Electricity Company Limited (ZESCO). This model would alleviate the current power load shedding experienced by the residential sector, of up to 22 hours of no electricity out of 24 hours in a day. Alongside the technical performance model and an unfavorable business climate in Zambia, a financial model is also developed to help assess project feasibility and financial viability. A 1 kW solar PV system was modeled at an installation cost of US$1.27 per watt on a short-term basis of 5 years and found that the project is feasible with a 28.52% IRR achieved in 3 years and a 69% performance ratio and a debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) of 5.12 by the end of the project life, thereby indicating capability to turn around Zambia’s energy poverty to meet the UN SDG 7.

scholarly journals Annualized Electricity Cost of Residential Solar PV System under Malaysia’s NEM Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafiz Razali ◽  
Md Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Dalila Mat Said ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Net energy metering (NEM) is a financial scheme that allows a consumer to generate, use and sell their excess energy to the grid. The main purpose of NEM is for self-consumption to reduce demand from the grid. It will allow customer to avoid being charged with expensive electricity tariff and hence reducing their monthly electricity bill. In other words, the annualized electricity cost could be reduced. NEM is commonly offered to residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Different PV size will determine the amount of energy that can be generated. This paper compares the annualized electricity cost of different residential customer types (large, medium and small) for different PV size under Malaysia’s net energy metering (NEM) scheme. This paper utilizes the load profile and solar irradiation data for Malaysia. The results show that high PV size does not guarantee reduction in annualized electricity cost especially for medium customers as the excess PV generation can only be accumulated for 24 months. Large customers may have benefited the most with lower annualized cost with larger PV system, while small customers may not have benefited at all.

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