PV Systems Control Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Employing Dynamic Safety Margin under Normal and Partial Shading Conditions

Because of the unpredictable activity of solar energy sources, photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is essential to guarantee the continuous operation of electrical energy generation at optimal power levels. Several works have extensively examined the generation of the maximum power from the PV systems under normal and shading conditions. The fuzzy logic control (FLC) method is one of the effective MPPT techniques, but it needs to be adapted to work in partial shading conditions. The current paper presents the FLC-based on dynamic safety margin (DSM) as an MPPT technique for a PV system to overcome the limitations of FLC in shading conditions. The DSM is a performance index that measures the system state deviation from the normal situation. As a performance index, DSM is used to adapt the FLC controller output to rapidly reach the global maxima of the PV system. The ability of the proposed algorithm and its performance are evaluated using simulation and practical implementation results for single phase grid-connected PV system under normal and partial shading operating conditions.

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A Modification of the Perturb and Observe Method to Improve the Energy Harvesting of PV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2521

Author(s):

Alfredo Gil-Velasco ◽

Carlos Aguilar-Castillo

Keyword(s):

Maximum Power ◽

Global Maximum ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Point Tracking ◽

Power Point ◽

Computational Resources

There are multiples conditions that lead to partial shading conditions (PSC) in photovoltaic systems (PV). Under these conditions, the harvested energy decreases in the PV system. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller aims to harvest the greatest amount of energy even under partial shading conditions. The simplest available MPPT algorithms fail on PSC, whereas the complex ones are effective but require high computational resources and experience in this type of systems. This paper presents a new MPPT algorithm that is simple but effective in tracking the global maximum power point even in PSC. The simulation and experimental results show excellent performance of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, a comparison with a previously proposed algorithm is presented. The comparison shows that the proposal in this paper is faster in tracking the maximum power point than complex algorithms.

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Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3863

Author(s):

Tiago Alves ◽

João Paulo N. Torres ◽

Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽

Carlos A. F. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Research Work ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Pv System ◽

Partial Shading ◽

System Architectures ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Pv Panel

The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.

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Group Teaching Optimization Algorithm Based MPPT Control of PV Systems under Partial Shading and Complex Partial Shading

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9111962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1962

Author(s):

Muhammad Hamza Zafar ◽

Thamraa Al-shahrani ◽

Noman Mujeeb Khan ◽

Adeel Feroz Mirza ◽

Majad Mansoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm Optimization ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Power Point

The most cost-effective electrical energy is produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems, and with the smallest carbon footprint, making it a sustainable renewable energy. They provide an excellent alternative to the existing fossil fuel-based energy systems, while providing 4% of global electricity demand. PV system efficiency is significantly reduced by the intrinsic non-linear model, maximum power point (MPP), and partial shading (PS) effects. These two problems cause major power loss. To devise the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the PV system, a novel group teaching optimization algorithm (GTOA) based controller is presented, which effectively deals with the PS and complex partial shading (CPS) conditions. Four case studies were employed that included fast-changing irradiance, PS, and CPS to test the robustness of the proposed MPPT technique. The performance of the GTOA was compared with the latest bio-inspired techniques, i.e., dragon fly optimization (DFO), cuckoo search (CS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), particle swarm optimization gravitational search (PSOGS), and conventional perturb and observe (P&O). The GTOA tracked global MPP with the highest 99.9% efficiency, while maintaining the magnitude of the oscillation <0.5 W at global maxima (GM). Moreover, 13–35% faster tracking times, and 54% settling times were achieved, compared to existing techniques. Statistical analysis was carried out to validate the robustness and effectiveness of the GTOA. Comprehensive analytical and statistical analysis solidified the superior performance of the proposed GTOA based MPPT technique.

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A Simple Method for Detecting Partial Shading in PV Systems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4938

Author(s):

Waleed Al Abri ◽

Rashid Al Abri ◽

Hassan Yousef ◽

Amer Al-Hinai

Keyword(s):

Accurate Method ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Global Maximum ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Simple Method ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Power Point ◽

Global Peak

Partial shading conditions (PSCs) can significantly reduce the output energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems. Moreover, when such conditions occur, conventional and advanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems fail to operate the PV system at its peak because the bypassing diodes may cause the PV system to become trapped at a low power point when they are in conduction mode. The PV system can be operated at the global maximum power point (MPP) with the help of global peak searching tools. However, the frequent use of these tools will reduce the output of PV systems since they force the PV system to operate outside its power region while scanning the I-V curve in order to determine the global MPP. Thus, the global peak searching tools should be deployed only when a PSC occurs. In this paper, a simple and accurate method is proposed for detecting PSCs by means of monitoring the sign of voltage changes (positive or negative). The method predicts a PSC if the sign of successive voltage changes is the same for a certain number of successive changes. The proposed method was tested on two types of PV array configurations (series and series–parallel) with several shading patterns emulated on-site. The proposed method correctly and timely identified all emulated shading patterns. It can be used to trigger the global MPP searching techniques for improving the PV system’s output under PSCs; furthermore, it can be used to notify the PV system’s operator of the occurrence of PSCs.

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Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Photovoltaic Systems in Case of Uniform & Non-uniform Irradiance Conditions

Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering ◽

10.14421/icse.v1.319 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. xv-xv

Author(s):

Syafaruddin Syafaruddin

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Real Time ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Photovoltaic Systems ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Point Tracking ◽

Power Point

It is crucial to improve the photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency and to develop the reliability of PV generation control systems. One of the approaches to increase the efficiency of PV power generation system is to operate the PV systems optimally at the maximum power point. However, the PV system can be optimally operated only at a specific output voltage; otherwise the output power fluctuates under intermittent weather conditions. In addition, it is very difficult to test the performance of PV systems controller under the same weather condition during the development process where the field testing is costly and time consuming. For these reasons, the presentation is about the state of the art techniques to track the maximum available output power of photovoltaic systems called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control systems. This topic could be also one of the most challenges in photovoltaic systems application that has been receiving much more attention worldwide. The talks will cover the application of intelligent techniques by means the artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic controller scheme using polar information to develop a novel real-time simulation technique for MPPT control by using dSPACE real-time interface system. In this case, the three-layer feed-forward ANN is trained once for different scenarios to determine the global MPP voltage and power and the fuzzy logic with polar information controller takes the global maximum power point (MPP) voltage as a reference voltage to generate the required control signal for the power converter. This type of fuzzy logic rules is implemented for the first time in MPPT control application. The proposed method has been tested using different solar cell technologies such as monocrystalline silicon, thin-film cadmium telluride and triple junction amorphous silicon solar cells. The verification of availability and stability of the proposed system through the real-time simulator shows that the proposed system can respond accurately for different scenarios and different solar cell technologies. In other cases, one of the main causes of reducing energy yield of photovoltaic systems is the partially shaded condition. Although the conventional MPPT control algorithms operate well in a uniform solar irradiance, they do not operate well in non-uniform solar irradiance conditions. The non-uniform conditions cause multiple local maximum power points on the power-voltage curve. The conventional MPPT methods cannot distinguish between the global and local peaks. Since the global power point may change within a large voltage window and also its position depends on shading patterns, it is very difficult to recognize the global operating point under partially shaded conditions. From these reasons, the presentation will address the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT method to solve the partially shaded conditions under the experimental real-time simulation technique based dSPACE real-time interface system for different size of PV arrays, such as 3x3(0.5kW) and 20x3(3.3kW) and different interconnected PV arrays, for instance series-parallel (SP), bridge link (BL) and total cross tied (TCT) configurations.

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A comparative study on conventional and modern maximum power point tracking algorithms applied to photovoltaic systems

World Journal of Environmental Research ◽

10.18844/wjer.v9i2.4625 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Rachid Belaidi ◽

Boualem Bendib ◽

Djamila Ghribi ◽

Belkacem Bouzidi ◽

Mohamed Mghezzi Larafi

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Pv System ◽

Software Environment ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Power Point

The main goal of maximum power point (MPP) tracking control is to extract the maximum photovoltaic (PV) power by finding the optimal operating point under varying atmospheric conditions to improve the efficiency of PV systems. In recent years, the field of tracking the MPP of PV systems has attracted the interest of many researchers from the industry and academia. This research paper presents a comparative study between the modern fuzzy logic based controller and the conventional perturb & observe (P&O) technique. The comparative study was carried out under different weather conditions in order to analyse and evaluate the performance of the PV system. The overall system simulation has been performed using Matlab/Simulink software environment. The simulation results show that the dynamic behaviour exhibited by the modern fuzzy controller outperforms that of the conventional controller (P&O) in terms of response time and damping characteristics. Keywords: MPPT, photovoltaic system, fuzzy logic control, P&O algorithm.

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Comparison of Different MPPT Algorithms with a Proposed One Using a Power Estimator for Grid Connected PV Systems

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2016/1728398 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manel Hlaili ◽

Hfaiedh Mechergui

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Correct Operation ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Energy Conversion Systems ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Power Point

Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most important energy sources since it is clean and inexhaustible. It is important to operate PV energy conversion systems in the maximum power point (MPP) to maximize the output energy of PV arrays. An MPPT control is necessary to extract maximum power from the PV arrays. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point. This paper presents a comparison of different MPPT methods and proposes one which used a power estimator and also analyses their suitability for systems which experience a wide range of operating conditions. The classic analysed methods, the incremental conductance (IncCond), perturbation and observation (P&O), ripple correlation (RC) algorithms, are suitable and practical. Simulation results of a single phase NPC grid connected PV system operating with the aforementioned methods are presented to confirm effectiveness of the scheme and algorithms. Simulation results verify the correct operation of the different MPPT and the proposed algorithm.

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Jellyfish Search Optimization Algorithm for MPP Tracking of PV System

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132111736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 11736

Author(s):

Afroz Alam ◽

Preeti Verma ◽

Mohd Tariq ◽

Adil Sarwar ◽

Basem Alamri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Global Maximum ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Search Optimization ◽

Power Point

Because of the rapid increase in the depletion rate of conventional energy sources, the energy crisis has become a central problem in the contemporary world. This issue opens the gateway for exploring and developing renewable energy sources to fulfill the exigent energy demand. Solar energy is an abundant source of sustainable energy and hence, nowadays, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are employed to extract energy from solar irradiation. However, the PV systems need to work at the maximum power point (MPP) to exploit the highest accessible power during varying operating conditions. For this reason, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to track the optimum power point. Furthermore, the efficient utilization of PV systems is hindered by renowned partial shading conditions (PSC), which generate multiple peaks in the power-voltage characteristic of the PV array. Thus, this article addresses the performance of the newly developed jellyfish search optimization (JSO) strategy in the PV frameworks to follow the global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC.

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Performance comparison of modified elephant herding optimization tuned MPPT for PV based solar energy systems

Circuit World ◽

10.1108/cw-11-2020-0316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Annapoorani Subramanian ◽

Jayaparvathy R.

Keyword(s):

Green Energy ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Irradiation Condition ◽

Pv System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Content Type ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Power Point

Purpose The solar photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the outstanding, clean and green energy options available for electrical power generation. The varying meteorological operating conditions impose various challenges in extracting maximum available power from the solar PV system. The drawbacks of conventional and evolutionary algorithms-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approaches are its inability to extract maximum power during partial shading conditions and quickly changing irradiations. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a modified elephant herding optimization (MEHO) based MPPT approach to track global maximum power point (GMPP) proficiently during dynamic and steady state operations within less time. Design/methodology/approach A MEHO-based MPPT approach is proposed in this paper by incorporating Gaussian mutation (GM) in the original elephant herding optimization (EHO) to enhance the optimizing capability of determining the optimal value of DC–DC converter’s duty cycle (D) to operate at GMPP. Findings The effectiveness of the proposed system is compared with EHO based MPPT, Firefly Algorithm (FA) MPPT and particle swarm optimization (PSO) MPPT during uniform irradiation condition (UIC) and partial shading situation (PSS) using simulation results. An experimental setup has been designed and implemented. Simulation results obtained are validated through experimental results which prove the viability of the proposed technique for an efficient green energy solution. Originality/value With the proposed MEHO MPPT, it has been noted that the settling period is lowered by 3.1 times in comparison of FA MPPT, 1.86 times when compared to PSO based MPPT and 1.29 times when compared to EHO based MPPT with augmented efficiency of 99.27%.

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Design and Hardware Implementation Based on Hybrid Structure for MPPT of PV System Using an Interval Type-2 TSK Fuzzy Logic Controller

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13071842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1842 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Fatih Kececioglu ◽

Ahmet Gani ◽

Mustafa Sekkeli

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

Hybrid Structure ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Pv System ◽

Fast Tracking ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Hybrid Controller ◽

Interval Type

The major drawback of photovoltaic (PV) systems is their dependence on environmental conditions, such as solar radiation and temperature. Because of this dependency, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods are used in PV systems in order to extract maximum power from the PV panels. This study proposes a controller with a hybrid structure based on angle of incremental conductance (AIC) method and Interval Type-2 Takagi Sugeno Kang fuzzy logic controller (IT2-TSK-FLC) for MPPT. MPPT performance of proposed hybrid controller is evaluated via detailed simulation studies and dSPACE-based experimental study. The results validate that the proposed hybrid controller offers fast-tracking speed, high stability, and robust performance against uncertainties arising from disturbance to inputs of the PV system.

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