scholarly journals Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Bjorn Vaagensmith ◽  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Robert Ivans ◽  
Daniel L. Marino ◽  
Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Threat Analysis ◽  
Model Based Testing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Performance Validation

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are an integral part of modern society; thus, enhancing these systems’ reliability and resilience is paramount. Cyber–physical testbeds (CPTs) are a safe way to test and explore the interplay between the cyber and physical domains and to cost-effectively enhance the reliability and resilience of CPSs. Here a review of CPT elements, broken down into physical components (simulators, emulators, and physical hardware), soft components (communication protocols, network timing protocols), and user interfaces (visualization-dashboard design considerations) is presented. Various methods used to validate CPS performance are reviewed and evaluated for potential applications in CPT performance validation. Last, initial simulated results for a CPT design, based on the IEEE 33 bus system, are presented, along with a brief discussion on how model-based testing and fault–injection-based testing (using scaling and ramp-type attacks) may be used to help validate CPT performance.

scholarly journals How Regional Trust Cues Could Drive Decentralisation in the Energy Sector—An Exploratory Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3010
Author(s):  
Tobias Menzel ◽  
Timm Teubner
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Research Stream

The Green Information Systems research stream was initiated by leading information systems researchers to address climate change through information and communications technology. This paper responds to a call for practical research into the design of information systems that support consumers in their decision making in favour of sustainable products. We apply an exploratory approach to improve understanding of regional trust cues in the energy sector and how these could drive the sector’s decentralisation. We explore the still emerging phenomenon of regional text and imagery on digital user interfaces via a multi-method process including quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Our findings suggest that regional energy providers systematically employ regional textual and pictorial trust cues on their websites. We further lay the ground for future experimental work on this matter by defining terms and concepts and systematically capturing design elements. We outline practical implications for designing user interfaces in the energy sector and discuss how this could drive the sector’s platformisation and sustainabilisation. In addition, we discuss implications for consumers who could become the target of regional washing attempts, in other words providers applying regional cues to create a regional company image in the absence of actual regionality.

scholarly journals A balance for fairness: fair distribution utilising physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Ju Kim ◽  
Taiki Takahashi ◽  
Kazuo Sano
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Fair Distribution ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Time Changes

AbstractThe problem of ‘uneven distribution of wealth’ accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the chaotic modern society, there is an increasing demand for the realisation of true ‘fairness’. In this study, we propose a fair distribution method ‘using physics’, which imitates the Greek mythology, Themis, having a ‘balance of judgement’ in her left hand, for the profit in games of characteristic function form. Specifically, we show that the linear programming problem for calculating ‘nucleolus (a solution for the fair distribution)’ can be efficiently solved by considering it as a physical system in which gravity works. In addition to significantly reducing the computational complexity, the proposed scheme provides a new perspective to open up a physics-based policymaker that is adaptable to real-time changes. We will be able to implement it not only in liquid systems but also in many other physical systems, including semiconductor chips. The fair distribution problem can be solved immediately using physical systems, which should reduce disputes and conflicts based on inaccurate information and misunderstandings, eliminating fraud and injustice.

Clustering of Web Application and Testing of Asynchronous Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Sonali Pradhan ◽  
Mitrabinda Ray ◽  
Srikanta Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Asynchronous Communication ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Model Based Testing ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Asynchronous Javascript And Xml ◽  
Logical Functions

In model-based testing, testing is done using Input Output Transition System (IOTS) or Finite State Machine (FSM). In synchronous testing, it is easy to know the proper sequence of input output of the system under testing, whereas, in asynchronous communication, it is tough to trace the sequences of inputs and outputs. A web application is an example of asynchronous processing, in which input/output queue management is a common issue for testing in asynchronous JavaScript and XML user interfaces. This article discusses asynchronous testing of web application by taking a Gmail account as a case study. In this article, the web application is partitioned into clusters by determining logical web pages that implement logical functions. The clusters of page objects are represented using finite state machines. From the FSMs, test scenarios are generated. The size of the test cases covering longer paths is decreased by making clusters of states. The authors conduct a queue analysis using a test architecture to investigate the behavior of the system under testing. Finally, the test cases are generated using the Selenium tool.

scholarly journals Experimental critical quantum metrology with the Heisenberg scaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Ze Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Gap ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Spin Model ◽  
Quantum Metrology ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Ising Spin ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

AbstractCritical quantum metrology, which exploits quantum critical systems as probes to estimate a physical parameter, has gained increasing attention recently. However, the critical quantum metrology with a continuous quantum phase transition (QPT) is experimentally challenging since a continuous QPT only occurs at the thermodynamic limit. Here, we propose an adiabatic scheme on a perturbed Ising spin model with a first-order QPT. By introducing a small transverse magnetic field, we can not only encode an unknown parameter in the ground state but also tune the energy gap to control the evolution time of the adiabatic passage. Moreover, we experimentally implement the critical quantum metrology scheme using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and show that at the critical point the precision achieves the Heisenberg scaling as 1/T. As a theoretical proposal and experimental implementation of the adiabatic scheme of critical quantum metrology and its advantages of easy implementation, inherent robustness against decays and tunable energy gap, our adiabatic scheme is promising for exploring potential applications of critical quantum metrology on various physical systems.

Communication Science: Issues and Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Каргин ◽  
Nikolay Kargin
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Social Communications

The article considers methodological approach to the analysis of the communicational processes in society, difference between the communicational processes in society and similar processes in physical systems. Author suggests criteria of fundamental difference between regulatory mechanisms by means of social communications and informational exchange. The article describes functions of communication systems that are important from the point of sustainable development of modern society. Author considers the possible ways of development of the communication science by means of a main idea that postulates difference between communication and information processes through the number of system parameters, such as target parameters, application means and method of application.

Model-based testing of PLC software: test of plants' reliability by using fault injection on component level

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 3509-3515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rösch ◽  
Dmitry Tikhonov ◽  
Daniel Schütz ◽  
Birgit Vogel-Heuser
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Software Test ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Testing

scholarly journals Investigating Human-Machine Interfaces’ Efficiency in Industrial Machinery and Equipment: A Kenyan Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Silas M. Nzuva
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Operation Control ◽  
Workforce Productivity ◽  
Industrial Machine

The twenty-first century has seen a vast technological revolution characterized by the development of cyber-physical systems, integration of things, and new and computationally improved machines and systems. However, there have been seemingly little strides in the development of user interfaces, specifically for industrial machines and equipment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the human-machine interfaces in the Kenyan context in providing a consistent and reliable working environment for industrial machine operators. The researcher employed a convenient purposive sampling to select 15 participants who had at least two years of hands-on experience in machines operation, control, or instrumentation. The results of the study are herein presented, including the recommendations to enhance workforce productivity and efficiency.

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