scholarly journals Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Lejda ◽  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Krzysztof Balawender ◽  
Adam Ustrzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Carbon Oxides ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle

The problem of global warming and the related climate change requires solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2. As a result, newly manufactured cars consume less fuel and emit lower amounts of CO2. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, old cars are significantly inferior to the more recent models. In Poland, for instance, the average age of passenger cars is approximately 13 years. Therefore, apart from developing new solutions in the cars produced today, it is important to focus on measures that enable the reduction in CO2 emissions in older vehicles. These methods include the adaptation of used cars to run on gaseous fuels. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon fuel that is particularly preferred in terms of CO2 emissions. The article presents the results of research of carbon oxides emission (CO, CO2) in the exhaust gas of a passenger car fueled by petrol and natural gas. The emissions were measured under the conditions of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test and in real road tests. The test results confirm that compared to petrol, a CNG vehicle allows for a significant reduction in CO2 and CO emissions in a car that is several years old, especially in urban traffic conditions.

scholarly journals Construction of the graph model for determining an ecological compatibility of a transportation process

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Olha Sakno ◽  
◽  
Ievgen Medvediev ◽  
Peter Eliseyev ◽  
Serhii Tsymbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
On The Road

Uncertainty of data during environmental monitoring prevents with confidently and objectively assessing the current condition of the environment, the influence of factors affecting the fuel consumption of vehicles during operation. In addition, it creates a serious problem in assessing the dynamics of this condition, especially when it comes to relatively small levels of pollution that are on the verge of the sensitivity of systems and devices in the car. It is precisely these tasks that include the determination of atmospheric pollution by emissions from road transport in conditions of variable weather and climatic conditions, carrying out routine maintenance, changing a configuration of an engine or transmission. The article discusses: a) factors related to the characteristics and vehicle systems, with the maintenance of vehicles. This category focuses on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, which depend on the technical and operational characteristics of the vehicle, its weight and aerodynamics, tires and auxiliary systems, the quality and timeliness of maintenance and repairs; b) factors related to the environment and traffic conditions (weather conditions, road morphology and traffic conditions); c) factors related to a driver of a vehicle (driver qualifications, driving style). Optimization of factors related to vehicle systems and their characteristics has been performed; by using fuel of optimum quality and driving efficiently, you can achieve savings in fuel (financial) consumption and CO2 emissions. The article proposes the solution to a complex problem of managing the transport process while minimizing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars, depending on the road and climatic conditions and the driver's qualifications, based on the theory of fuzzy sets. This approach made it possible to largely compensate for the lack of objective information about the process due to its uncertainty by subjective expert data.

Diesel Replacement Model for Dual Diesel-Natural Gas Engines Under Urban Traffic Operation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Bermejo ◽  
Lesme A. Corredor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transient States ◽  
Traffic Conditions

The amount of Diesel (DI) that can be replaced by Natural Gas (NG) in turbocharged Diesel vehicles converted to dual operation and under urban traffic conditions is determined by the rapid changes of engine loads, which also limits the thermodynamic performance of turbochargers. Turbochargers control the air flow that enters to the engine at every single moment of its operation, and therefore supplies the Oxygen (O2) required for burning the fuels involved in the combustion process. This investigation models the energy consumption of a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode in urban traffic conditions of Barranquilla, Colombia. This model is based on experimental studies of transient states of Turbocharged Diesel Engines and on recent research relating to the conversion of diesel engines to dual mode. Due to the absence of a standard test cycle for the city, this investigation uses a common driving behavior profile registered in 2006 with an urban bus Chevrolet B-70 with a Caterpillar 3126 Engine. It was determined that the greater replacement percentage was about 85% at maximum load and at cruising speeds, due to the air flow supplied by the compressor. The opposite effect was found at transient states; the absence of air is because of the turbocharger performance when the vehicle is leaving the stand-by condition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of driver exposure risk on toxins emitted from exhausts engine in traffic congestion simulated conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00163
Author(s):  
Maria Skrętowicz ◽  
Anna Janicka ◽  
Radosław Wróbel ◽  
Maciej Zawiślak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

The increase in the number of vehicles and better availability of car purchase cause that nowadays people tend to spend more time inside cars. In urban traffic conditions, vehicles moves at low speeds. In addition, traffic lights and high traffic flows cause frequent stops of vehicles and often lead to congestions. The consequence is high amount of exhaust emission and high levels of the concentration of pollutants in the air. In such conditions, pollutants including hydrocarbons from the group of volatile organic compound enter the interior of vehicles with air passing into the cabin. It accumulates mainly in the area of the driver and the passengers heads. In this paper the results of the research of volatile organic compounds concentration inside two different passenger cars in simulated traffic congestion conditions are presented. The study involved vehicles of various ages: new (2011) and old (1999). On the basis of the study the driver exposure inside these vehicles to the impact of volatile organic compounds has been evaluated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Chassis Dynamometer Load Setting on CO2 Emissions and Energy Demand of a Full Hybrid Vehicle

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Krzysztof Lew ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Paweł Woś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Resistance Function ◽  
Motion Resistance ◽  
Load Function

Among the solutions that make it possible to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, particularly in urban traffic conditions, are hybrid vehicles. The share of driving performed in electric mode for hybrid vehicles is highly dependent on motion resistance. There are different methods for determining the motion resistance function during chassis dynamometer testing, leading to different test results. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the chassis dynamometer load function on the energy demand and CO2 emissions of a full-hybrid passenger car. Emissions tests according to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) were carried out on a chassis dynamometer for three different methods of determining the car’s resistance to motion. The study showed that adopting the motion resistance function according to different methods, results in differences in CO2 emissions up to about 35% for the entire cycle. Therefore, the authors suggest that in the case of tests carried out with chassis dynamometers, it is necessary to also provide information on the chassis dynamometer loading function adopted for the tests.

Lime kiln conversion from coke to natural gas operation – an option in direction of sustainable energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Oliver Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Lime Kilns ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

This paper deals with the conversion of coke fired lime kilns to gas and the conclusions drawn from the completed projects. The paper presents (1) the decision process associated with the adoption of the new technology, (2) the necessary steps of the conversion, (3) the experiences and issues which occurred during the first campaign, (4) the impacts on the beet sugar factory (i.e. on the CO2 balance and exhaust gas temperature), (5) the long term impressions and capabilities of several campaigns of operation, (6) the details of available technologies and (7) additional benefits that would justify a conversion from coke to natural gas operation on existing lime kilns. (8) Forecast view to develop systems usable for alternative gaseous fuels (e.g. biogas).

scholarly journals Dominance of Fossil Fuels in Japan’s National Energy Mix and Implications for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7347
Author(s):  
Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo ◽  
Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi ◽  
Seun Damola Oladipupo ◽  
Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ◽  
Arunkumar Jayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Despite the drive for increased environmental protection and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), coal, oil, and natural gas use continues to dominate Japan’s energy mix. In light of this issue, this research assessed the position of natural gas, oil, and coal energy use in Japan’s environmental mitigation efforts from the perspective of sustainable development with respect to economic growth between 1965 and 2019. In this regard, the study employs Bayer and Hanck cointegration, fully modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to investigate these interconnections. The empirical findings from this study revealed that the utilization of natural gas, oil, and coal energy reduces the sustainability of the environment with oil consumption having the most significant impact. Furthermore, the study validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Japan. The outcomes of the Gradual shift causality showed that CO2 emissions can predict economic growth, while oil, coal, and energy consumption can predict CO2 emissions in Japan. Given Japan’s ongoing energy crisis, this innovative analysis provides valuable policy insights to stakeholders and authorities in the nation’s energy sector.

Natural gas as a promising alternative fuel for passenger cars

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia A. Shakour ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Abssawy ◽  
Yasser H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Promising Alternative
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