Diesel Replacement Model for Dual Diesel-Natural Gas Engines Under Urban Traffic Operation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Bermejo ◽  
Lesme A. Corredor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transient States ◽  
Traffic Conditions

The amount of Diesel (DI) that can be replaced by Natural Gas (NG) in turbocharged Diesel vehicles converted to dual operation and under urban traffic conditions is determined by the rapid changes of engine loads, which also limits the thermodynamic performance of turbochargers. Turbochargers control the air flow that enters to the engine at every single moment of its operation, and therefore supplies the Oxygen (O2) required for burning the fuels involved in the combustion process. This investigation models the energy consumption of a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode in urban traffic conditions of Barranquilla, Colombia. This model is based on experimental studies of transient states of Turbocharged Diesel Engines and on recent research relating to the conversion of diesel engines to dual mode. Due to the absence of a standard test cycle for the city, this investigation uses a common driving behavior profile registered in 2006 with an urban bus Chevrolet B-70 with a Caterpillar 3126 Engine. It was determined that the greater replacement percentage was about 85% at maximum load and at cruising speeds, due to the air flow supplied by the compressor. The opposite effect was found at transient states; the absence of air is because of the turbocharger performance when the vehicle is leaving the stand-by condition.

scholarly journals Improving Efficiency, Extending the Maximum Load Limit and Characterizing the Control-Related Problems Associated With Higher Loads in a 6-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Kaiadi ◽  
Per Tunestal ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Load Limit ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

High EGR rates combined with turbocharging has been identified as a promising way to increase the maximum load and efficiency of heavy duty spark ignition Natural Gas engines. With stoichiometric conditions a three way catalyst can be used which means that regulated emissions can be kept at very low levels. Most of the heavy duty NG engines are diesel engines which are converted for SI operation. These engine’s components are in common with the diesel-engine which put limits on higher exhaust gas temperature. The engines have lower maximum load level than the corresponding diesel engines. This is mainly due to the lower density of NG, lower compression ratio and limits on knocking and also high exhaust gas temperature. They also have lower efficiency due to mainly the lower compression ratio and the throttling losses. However performing some modifications on the engines such as redesigning the engine’s piston in a way to achieve higher compression ratio and more turbulence, modifying EGR system and optimizing the turbocharging system will result in improving the overall efficiency and the maximum load limit of the engine. This paper presents the detailed information about the engine modifications which result in improving the overall efficiency and extending the maximum load of the engine. Control-related problems associated with the higher loads are also identified and appropriate solutions are suggested.

Improved Thermodynamic Model for Lean Natural Gas Spark Ignition in a Diesel Engine Using a Triple Wiebe Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Cosmin Emil Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
Wiebe Function

Abstract The use of natural gas (NG) in heavy-duty internal combustion engines can reduce the dependence on petroleum fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Diesel engines can convert to NG spark ignition (SI) by installing a high-energy ignition system and a gas injector. The diesel combustion chamber affects the flow inside the cylinder, so some existing SI combustion models will not accurately describe the operation of converted diesels. For example, the single Wiebe function has difficulties in correctly describing the mass fraction burn (MFB) throughout the combustion process. This study used experiments from a 2L single-cylinder research engine converted to port fuel injection NG SI and operated with methane at 1300 rpm and equivalence ratio 0.8 (6.2 bars IMEP) to compare the standard Wiebe function with a triple Wiebe function. Results indicated that lean-burn engine operation at an advanced spark timing produced three peaks in the heat release rate, suggesting a multi-stage combustion process. A “best goodness-of-fit” approach determined the values of the key parameters in the zero-dimensional Wiebe function model. The triple Wiebe function described the mass fraction burn and combustion phasing more accurately compared with the single Wiebe function. Moreover, it provided the duration and phasing of each individual burning stage that can then characterize the combustion in such converted diesel engines. This suggests that a multiple Wiebe function combustion model would effectively assist in analyzing such a multi-stage combustion process, which is important for engine optimization and development.

scholarly journals Natural gas methane number and its influence on the gas engine working process efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 730-737
Author(s):  
Otari Didmanidze ◽  
Aleksandr Afanasev ◽  
Ramil Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Methane Number

The natural gas usage as a vehicle fuel in the mining industry is one of the priority tasks of the state. The article pays special attention to the component composition of natural gas from the point of view of its thermal efficiency during combustion in the combustion chamber of a power plant on a heavy-duty vehicle in difficult quarry conditions. For this, domestic and foreign methods for determining the main indicator characterizing the knock resistance of fuel in the combustion process – the methane number – are considered. Improvement of technical and economic indicators will be carried out by changing the composition of the gas mixture based on methane to fit the design features of the gas power plant, the methane number will be the determining indicator. A theoretical analysis of the influence of the methane number on such engine parameters as the compression ratio and the maximum speed of the flame front propagation in the second phase of combustion in the engine cylinder, expressed through the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, is presented. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the dependences of the influence of the methane number on the efficiency of the working process of the engine and its external speed characteristic were obtained.

scholarly journals Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Lejda ◽  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Krzysztof Balawender ◽  
Adam Ustrzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Carbon Oxides ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle

The problem of global warming and the related climate change requires solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2. As a result, newly manufactured cars consume less fuel and emit lower amounts of CO2. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, old cars are significantly inferior to the more recent models. In Poland, for instance, the average age of passenger cars is approximately 13 years. Therefore, apart from developing new solutions in the cars produced today, it is important to focus on measures that enable the reduction in CO2 emissions in older vehicles. These methods include the adaptation of used cars to run on gaseous fuels. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon fuel that is particularly preferred in terms of CO2 emissions. The article presents the results of research of carbon oxides emission (CO, CO2) in the exhaust gas of a passenger car fueled by petrol and natural gas. The emissions were measured under the conditions of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test and in real road tests. The test results confirm that compared to petrol, a CNG vehicle allows for a significant reduction in CO2 and CO emissions in a car that is several years old, especially in urban traffic conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON NITROGEN DIOXIDE FORMATION IN LAMINAR FLAME OF NATURAL GAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sigal ◽  
Dmitri Paderno
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Oxidation Of No

The paper contains the results of experimental studies of the effect of moisture on nitrogen dioxide formation and on oxidation of NO to NO2 in laminar premixed flame of natural gas. The water vapor is shown to be the third very influential participant, along with fuel and oxidizer, in the combustion process. Injection of moisture into the combustion zone has an effect due to the insertion of additional quantities of HO2- and OH– radicals into the process, which contributes to the intensification of the oxidation of NO to NO2. Introduction of the concept of the “excess moisture ratio” in the combustion process is proposed. The studies were executed at the laboratory installation in conditions of formation of the V-shaped laminar flame of natural gas behind a transverse cylindrical steel stabilizer, with determining the concentrations of flue gas components.

scholarly journals AIR SUPPLY REGULATOR FOR THE WORKING SPACE HEAT INSTALLATION BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-121
Author(s):  
Mikhail Vasil'ev ◽  
◽  
Sergei Andreev ◽  
Ivan Vasil'ev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Excess Air

The combustion process in the working space of a heat installation is simulated. The static characteristic of the dependence of fuel consumption on air consumption in the conditions of stabilization of heat generated as a result of the combustion process is shown, therefore, the possibility of optimizing this process is proved. A block diagram, mathematical model and algorithm for calculating energy-saving fuzzy control of the combustion process in the working space of a thermal installation are developed. Combustion Membership functions of fuzzy sets for input linguistic variables are compiled. The rule bases are formulated taking into account the static characteristics of the control object. Examples of technological and linguistic justification of fuzzy controller rules are given. The dynamics of changing the controlled parameter is determined by solving two differential equations. The search for levels of "cut-offs" for the prerequisites of each of the rules using the "minimum" operation in accordance with the compiled database of rules is performed. The defuzzification procedure was performed (bringing it to clarity). The advantages of this system over traditional stabilizing control systems under the action of a set of random factors and a significantly nonlinear relationship between input and output values are shown. Optimal values of scaling factors for the developed automatic control system are determined. Let's consider an example of the formation of a control effect when implementing fuzzy energy-saving control of the combustion process in the working space of the boiler unit No. 3 of the GKP-1A UGPU of Gazprom dobycha Urengoy LLC. The calculations of the amount of inleakage of atmospheric air, excess air flow, the sectional area of the pipe supplying air, the total air flow in the working space of the thermal installation, the volume of natural gas participating in the combustion process, heat resulting from the combustion, the amount of air that did not participate in the combustion process, the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of excess air until the average temperature of the flue gas remaining heat of the combustion reaction, changes in the oxygen concentration in the exhaust flue gases depending on the air flow to the burner. The functional dependence of the flue gas temperature on the natural gas consumption is constructed by approximating the initial data of the regime map of the steam boiler. The dynamic properties of an inertia-delayed controlled process are taken into account when using the Euler method. The combustion control mode influence on the specific fuel consumption is estimated. The effects of using a system with fuzzy control in terms of saving natural gas and electricity over the entire range of performance of a thermal installation are estimated.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Fundamentals for Fuel Production Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Antoni Świć
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection

An increase of needs for replacement of fossil fuels, and for mitigation of Carbon Dioxide emissions generated from fossil fuels inspires the search for new fuels based on renewable biological resources. It would be convenient if the biological component of the fuel required as little as possible conversion operations in the production. The obvious response is an attempt to use unconverted, neat plant oils as a fuel for Diesel engines. The present paper is devoted to the experimental studies of the combustion process of neat rapeseed oil, and its mixtures with gasoline and ethanol as additional components of the mixtures. The investigation of combustion was carried out in a fixed volume combustion chamber equipped with a Common Rail injection system. It is shown that the instant of ignition, as well as time-dependence of heat emanation, are strongly dependent upon mixture composition. The results enable the design of mixture compositions that could serve as commercial fuel for Diesel engines. Such fuels are expected to fulfill the requirements for the sustainability of road transport.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CORROSION OCCURRENCE DURING BIOMASS COMBUSTION PROCESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Pisa ◽  
Gheorghe Lazaroiu ◽  
Corina Radulescu ◽  
Lucian Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomass Combustion

scholarly journals A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Van Chien Pham ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Beom-Seok Rho ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyunam Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

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