Progress in the Use of Biobutanol Blends in Diesel Engines

Nowadays, the transport sector is trying to face climate change and to contribute to a sustainable world by introducing modern after-treatment systems or by using biofuels. In sectors such as road freight transportation, agricultural or cogeneration in which the electrification is not considered feasible with the current infrastructure, renewable options for diesel engines such as alcohols produced from waste or lignocellulosic materials with advanced production techniques show a significant potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse emissions with respect to diesel fuel. This study concludes that lignocellulosic biobutanol can achieve 60% lower greenhouse gas emissions than diesel fuel. Butanol-diesel blends, with up to 40% butanol content, could be successfully used in a diesel engine calibrated for 100% diesel fuel without any additional engine modification nor electronic control unit recalibration at a warm ambient temperature. When n-butanol is introduced, particulate matter emissions are sharply reduced for butanol contents up to 16% (by volume), whereas NOX emissions are not negatively affected. Butanol-diesel blends could be introduced without startability problems up to 13% (by volume) butanol content at a cold ambient temperature. Therefore, biobutanol can be considered as an interesting option to be blended with diesel fuel, contributing to the decarbonization of these sectors.

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Differences in the power parameters of diesel engines with a high pressure fuel pump and a battery fuel system for some types of fuel

World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin ◽

10.32758/2071-5951-2021-0-2-44-47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

D. V. Boykov ◽

◽

A. P. Perepelin ◽

Yu. E. Hryashchev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

High Pressure ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Fuel System ◽

Fuel Pump ◽

Fuel Mixtures

The article presents calculated and experimental data on changes in the power parameters of diesel engines equipped with a fuel system of various designs, on some types of fuels. Investigated: Euro diesel fuel, TS-1 kerosene, fuel mixtures with gasoline. It is shown that the power parameters of diesel engines with a "Common Rail" type battery fuel system with an electronic control unit change to a lesser extent in comparison with a traditional plunger-type high-pressure fuel pump with a mechanical regulator when switching to a more compressible and lighter fuel. The reasons for these differences in changing engine parameters are considered.

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Electronic control unit development and emissions evaluation for hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engines

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814018814076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 168781401881407

Author(s):

Yasin Karagöz ◽

Majid Mohammad Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Working Condition ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Fuel System ◽

Compression Ignition Engines

In this study, it was aimed to operate today’s compression ignition engines easily in dual-fuel mode with a developed electronic control unit. Especially, diesel engines with mechanical fuel system can be easily converted to common-rail fuel system with a developed electronic control unit. Also, with this developed electronic control unit, old technology compression ignition engines can be turned into dual-fuel mode easily. Thus, thanks to the flexibility of engine maps to be loaded into the electronic control unit, diesel engines can conveniently be operated with alternative gas fuels and diesel dual fuel. In particular, hydrogen, an alternative, environmentally friendly, and clean gas fuel, can easily be used with diesel engines by pilot spraying. Software and hardware development of electronic control unit are made, in order to operate a diesel engine with diesel+hydrogen dual fuel. Finally, developed electronic control unit was reviewed on 1500 r/min stable engine speed on different hydrogen energy rates (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% hydrogen) according to thermic efficiency and emissions (CO, total unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and smoke), and apart from NOx emissions, a significant improvement has been obtained. There was no increased NOx emission on 15% hydrogen working condition; however, on 45% hydrogen working condition, a dramatic increase arose.

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An Electronic Control Unit for Joint Supply of Fuel and Hydrogen Additives to Diesel Engines of Vehicles

Russian Electrical Engineering ◽

10.3103/s1068371220030141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 153-157

Author(s):

D. Ya. Nosyrev ◽

I. K. Andronchev ◽

V. V. Asabin ◽

A. A. Mishkin

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Electronic Control

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Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance and Reducing Emissions Using Binary Biodiesel Fuel Blend

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4044058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paramvir Singh ◽

S. R. Chauhan ◽

Varun Goel ◽

Ashwani K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Fuel Mixing ◽

Ci Engines

Fossil fuel consumption provides a negative impact on the human health and environment in parallel with the decreased availability of this valuable natural resource for the future generations to use as a source of chemical energy for all applications in energy, power, and propulsion. The diesel fuel consumption in the transport sector is higher than the gasoline in most developing countries for reasons of cost and economy. Biodiesel fuel offers a good replacement for diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. Earlier investigations by the authors revealed that a blend of 70% amla seed oil biodiesel and 30% eucalyptus oil (AB70EU30) is the favorable alternative renewable fuel blend that can be used as a fuel in diesel engines. With any fuel, air/fuel mixing and mixture preparation impact efficiency, emissions, and performance in CI engines. Minor adjustments in engine parameters to improve air/fuel mixing and combustion are deployable approaches to achieve good performance with alternative fuel blends in CI engines. This paper provides the role of a minor modification to engine parameters (compression ratio, injection timing, and injection pressure) on improved performance using the above mixture of binary fuel blends (AB70EU30). The results showed that the use of AB70EU30 in modified engine resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to normal diesel for improved combustion that also resulted in very low tailpipe emissions.

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Optimization of a diesel engine calibration for operating with a residual glycerol-derived biofuel

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087419891535 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146808741989153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magín Lapuerta ◽

Ángel Ramos ◽

Sara Rubio ◽

Carles Estévez

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Engine Calibration ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Gas Recirculation

The new European directive for the promotion of renewable energy mandates an increase in the share of advanced and waste-based biofuels in the transport sector. In this study, an advanced glycerol-derived biofuel was used as a component of a ternary blend, denoted as o·bio®. This blend included 27.4 %v/v of fatty acid glycerol formal ester, 69.6 %v/v of fatty acid methyl ester and 3 %v/v of acetals obtained as a by-product of the fatty acid glycerol formal ester production process (which were proved to improve cold-flow properties). Finally, o·bio® was blended with diesel fuel at a content of 20 %v/v. Two operating conditions based on usual driving modes were selected, where the engine calibration could be re-optimized after the change of fuel, corresponding to vehicle velocities of 50 and 70 km/h. Since the main effect of the blend used is to reduce particulate matter emissions, exhaust gas recirculation was increased and injection was delayed, so that the initial benefits in particulate matter emissions could be re-distributed into benefits in both particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. From a combined analysis of the particulate matter–NOx trade-off and trying to limit the negative effect of delaying injection on fuel consumption, the final proposal was to set an additional 6% exhaust gas recirculation at 50 km/h and an additional 3% exhaust gas recirculation at 70 km/h, while delaying injection 2 °CA after top dead center at both vehicle operating conditions with respect to the original calibration. The use of the blend along with the optimization of the engine calibration is expected to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 50% with a vehicle speed condition of 50 km/h and to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 30% and 40% at 70 km/h with respect to diesel fuel emissions.

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By-products from thermal processing of rubber waste as fuel for the internal combustion piston engine

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2020-202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Mariusz CHWIST ◽

Michał GRUCA ◽

Michał PYRC ◽

Magdalena SZWAJA

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Injection System ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Piston Engine ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Exhaust Gases

The article presents results of investigation on the combustion of a mixture of oil from pyrolysis of tires and basic fuel in an internal combustion reciprocating piston engine. The tested fuel consisted of: diesel oil and oil from pyrolysis of tires at amount of 10% by volume. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder naturally aspirated compression-ignition engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail fuel injection system and an electronic control unit that allows changing injection timing. A comparative analysis of pressure-volume charts for the reference fuel, which was diesel, and for a mixture of diesel with the addition of 10% oil from tire pyrolysis was carried out during the study. Injector characteristics for the reference fuel and the mixture were determined. Engine efficiency for both fuels was determined. Unrepeatability of the engine work cycles for the diesel fuel and the tested mixture was calculated. Finally, the share of toxic exhaust components in exhaust gases was analyzed. It was found that pyrolisys oil from tires can be used as additive to regular diesel fuel at amount up to 10%, however, toxic exhaust gases emission was increased.

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Development of a Generic Dual Fuel ECU for Common Rail Diesel Engine Control

10.26686/wgtn.17147978.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Luke James Frogley

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Common Rail ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Fuel System ◽

Compressed Natural Gas ◽

Diesel Operation

<p>Rising costs of diesel fuel has led to an increased interest in dual fuel diesel engine conversion, which can offset diesel consumption though the simultaneous combustion of a secondary gaseous fuel. This system offers benefits both environmentally and financially in an increasingly energy-conscious society. Dual fuel engine conversions have previously been fitted to mechanical injection systems, requiring physical modification of the fuel pump. The aim of this work is to develop a novel electronic dual fuel control system that may be installed on any modern diesel engine using common rail fuel injection with solenoid injector valves, eliminating the need for mechanical modification of the diesel fuel system. The dual fuel electronic control unit developed replaces up to 90 percent of the diesel fuel required with cleaner-burning and cheaper compressed natural gas, providing the same power output with lower greenhouse gas emissions than pure diesel. The dual fuel system developed controls the flow of diesel, gas, air, and engine timing to ensure combustion is optimised to maintain a specific torque at a given speed and demand. During controlled experimental analysis, the dual fuel system exceeded the target substitution rate of 90 precent, with a peak diesel substitution achieved of 97 percent, whilst maintaining the same torque performance of the engine under diesel operation.</p>

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CO-PM Modeling for Particulate Matter Emission of Diesel Engines

Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components ◽

10.1115/ices2003-0648 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pi-Qiang Tan ◽

Jia-Xiang Lu ◽

Kang-Yao Deng

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Particulate Matter Emission ◽

Good Agreement

In this study, a phenomenological model, that predicts the particulate matter emission (PM) of diesel engines, has been formulated. The CO-PM model is based on the formation mechanisms of PM and carbon monoxide (CO) of diesel engines. It can predict the emission concentration of PM via the emission concentration of CO. The calculation method of the model is simple and quick. To validate the model, experiments were carried out in two research diesel engines. Comparisons of the model results with the experimental data show good agreement. The model is useful for computer simulations of electronically controlled diesel engines, as well as electronic control unit (ECU) designs for diesel engines.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS CONTROL OF GAS ICE FOR OPERATION WITH LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

InterConf ◽

10.51582/interconf.19-20.07.2021.035 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 327-332

Author(s):

Serhii Kovalov

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Intake Manifold ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Microprocessor Control

The expediency of converting the transport diesel engines in operation into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition for operation on liquefied petroleum gas has been substantiated. It is shown that the use of liquefied petroleum gas instead of diesel fuel can reduce the operating costs of vehicles. Multifunctional electronic microprocessor control systems based on Avenir Gaz 37 level “A” and Avenir Gaz 37 level “B” electronic control units have been developed. It is shown that an electronic microprocessor control system with an Avenir Gaz 37 electronic control unit of level "A" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG supply through a gas-air mixer into the intake manifold. The test results showed the high energy and efficient performance of the gas internal combustion engine. The second electronic microprocessor control system with an electronic control unit Avenir Gaz 37 of level "B" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG injection through an accumulative power supply subsystem and multipoint injection of liquefied petroleum gas (Common Rail type) in combination with the use of a contactless electronic subsystem ignition with a movable voltage distributor and a cylinder filling control subsystem with a charge of the working mixture. At the same time, Avenir Gaz 37 "B" ECU with a loaded B1 level software module provides group injection of LPG into the intake manifold and sequential injection with a B2 level software module. The principle of operation of each of the three subsystems, which the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine is equipped with, is described. The tests carried out on the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine with the Avenir Gaz 37 "B" control unit confirmed its operability.

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