scholarly journals The Transposition of Energy Communities into Swedish Regulations: Overview and Critique of Emerging Regulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4982
Author(s):  
Jenny Palm
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Barrier Analysis ◽  
The Law ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

One organizational innovation introduced by the clean energy for all Europeans package (CEP) is that of the energy community (EC), including the renewable energy community (REC) and citizen energy community (CEC). The translation of related directives into national legislation is underway in Sweden, and the Swedish Energy Market Inspectorate (Ei) has proposed a new law on ECs, which has been sent for consultation. This article analyzes the Ei proposal and the responses from the 27 referral bodies commenting on the new EC regulations. Positive aspects of the proposal were that it would be a law on ECs and that it would be easy to start and run an EC. Critics were concerned that the law was too vague, the relationship between existing cooperatives and the new ECs was not clear, both CEC and REC are used instead of only using one term, there is a lack of suggestions on supportive measures for ECs, ECs will have less favorable conditions than other micro-producers of electricity, there is a lack of barrier analysis and visions of a future of ECs, and finally, that the situation for marginalized households was not dealt with in the proposal.

scholarly journals The common energy market of the European Union – utopia or reality?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
The Common

Abstract The European Commission has the initiative to foster the sector of renewable energy and to build an Energy Union, with a common energy market at the level of the European Union, but is this only an utopic vision or is this possible to achieve? The topic of clean energy is very new and of great interest for the European Union, which is shown by the fact that the European Commission recently adopted on the 30th November 2016 the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, which contains proposals for the modernization of the energy market at the level of the European Union. But which are the challenges such a project is confronted with? According to the literature, such challenges are related to the process of liberalization of electricity markets. Conflicts between national interest and international actors of the energy market might occur. Due to the oligopolistic structure of the energy market, there are several barriers to the market entry. In order to answer to the research questions, case studies regarding the liberalization of the energy market will be analyzed in a comparative manner, offering an international overview. Furthermore, the legal provisions on which the common energy policy of the European Union relies, will be analyzed, as well as their economic and social impact. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” comprises a proposal of the revised Renewable energy Directive, energy efficiency measures and issues related to the Energy Union Governance. It contains as well proposals for the electricity market design, which will be analyzed and the present paper outlines the contribution of this proposal in building a common energy market of the European Union. What role does competition play in implementing the common energy market of the European Union? Which role do competition authorities have in this context? These are interesting aspects to be analyzed in the present paper.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF DRIVING FACTORS FOR DESIGNING SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 891-900
Author(s):  
Iban Lizarralde ◽  
Audrey Abi Akle ◽  
Mikhail Hamwi ◽  
Basma Samir
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
New Criteria

AbstractCurrent development of renewable energy systems (RES) is characterised by an increasing participation of citizens in the upstream decision-making process. These citizens can be future users of the RES but also members of a Renewable Energy Community that develop RES. They can be at the same time Renewable Energy producer, investor and consumer. Moreover, several type of businesses and terms are used to cope with social innovations within the energy sector: local renewable projects, sustainable energy communities or community of renewable energy production. So, actors' engagement opens new solutions for designers who are induced to share alternatives before making decisions. They usually impose constraints since the early phases of the design process. This approach implies for designers to consider new criteria related to citizens motivations and barriers. This paper presents a study to define the main factors that drive people to contribute in social innovation schemes for clean-energy transition. After a state of the art, a survey about 6 main factors and 18 criteria is presented. The analysis based on the responses from 34 participants (i.e. experts) reveals 2 most important factors of motivation and 2 principal barrier sources.

scholarly journals The Common Energy Market of the European Union–Challenges and Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-345
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
The Common

Abstract The European Commission has the initiative to foster the sector of renewable energy and to build an Energy Union, with a common energy market at the level of the European Union, but is this only a utopic vision or is this possible to achieve? The topic of clean energy is very new and of great interest for the European Union, which is shown by the fact that the European Commission recently adopted on the 30th November 2016 the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, which contains proposals for the modernization of the energy market at the level of the European Union. But which are the challenges such a project is confronted with? According to the literature, such challenges are related to the process of liberalization of electricity markets. Conflicts between national interest and international actors of the energy market might occur. Due to the oligopolistic structure of the energy market, there are several barriers to the market entry. In order to answer to the research questions, case studies regarding the liberalization of the energy market will be analyzed in a comparative manner, offering an international overview. Furthermore, the legal provisions on which the common energy policy of the European Union relies, will be analyzed, as well as their economic and social impact. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” comprises a proposal of the revised Renewable energy Directive, energy efficiency measures and issues related to the Energy Union Governance. It contains as well proposals for the electricity market design, which will be analyzed and the present paper outlines the contribution of this proposal in building a common energy market of the European Union. What role does competition play in implementing the common energy market of the European Union? Which role do competition authorities have in this context? These are interesting aspects to be analyzed in the present paper.

scholarly journals irena and iea: Moving Together Towards a Sustainable Energy Future—Competition or Collaboration?

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Esu ◽  
Francesco Sindico
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this article is to critically examine, from a legal perspective, the relationship between the International Energy Agency (iea) and the International Renewable Energy Agency (irena). The iea was established in 1973 in response to the global oil crisis. It currently has 29 member states. Its original mandate has been expanded to include ensuring reliable, affordable, and clean energy. irena was established in 2009. Its main objective is to promote sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy. With 138 member states, and many more in the process of accession, irena is becoming a truly universal organization. Both the iea and irena focus their attention on sustainable energy. Is there an institutional overlap or an unnecessary duplication in scope? Are irena’s activities in sustainable energy, which seemingly parallel those of the iea, justified by its aims and global reach? By addressing these and related questions, the article discusses whether the relationship between the iea and irena can be seen as competition or collaboration. The relationship is analysed within the context of the un Sustainable Energy for All Initiative.

scholarly journals Renewable energy community and the European energy market: main motivations

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e04511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Soeiro ◽  
Marta Ferreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Community

scholarly journals CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR HUMANITARIAN CRIMES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS REFLECTION IN RUSSIAN NATIONAL LEGISLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
V. A. Bugaev ◽  
A. V. Chaika
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the problems of the relationship between international law in general and, in particular, international humanitarian law and the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in determining responsibility for international humanitarian crimes. The analysis of the emergence of international humanitarian law, its fundamental principles and their reflection in the law of Russia and the Russian Federation.

COVID-19 and the global shift progress to clean energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang ◽  
Xuan Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Thanh Tung Huynh ◽  
Van Viet Pham
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Containment Measures

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented us with an unprecedented global emergency that severely threatens the lives of millions of people around the world. In response to this existential crisis, state governments have taken drastic containment measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus. The consequential lock-downs have disrupted production and economic activity and had profound impacts on major industries. The heightened financial risk has significantly slowed down new investments while stoking fears of a looming economic recession. Indeed, the pandemic-induced strong reduction in global demand has resulted in sharp falls in energy prices leading to a temporary market distortion that may impede progress in the deployment of new renewable energy projects. Besides, some countries could be at risk of falling short of their 2020 national binding targets given the lack of effective policies required to facilitate new renewable energy investments. Considering the present impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market, there are opportunities to highlight the important role of renewables while making the case for clean energy investments, especially in the electricity sector. This review aims to provide important insights by analyzing the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market. On the other hand, sustainable energy strategies are also discussed in detail. Finally, lessons learned amidst the costly battle against this invisible enemy could help policymakers and government leaders in identifying the appropriate renewable energy paths for their countries in a post-pandemic future.

scholarly journals European Energy Law and its impact on Serbia progress, perspectives and possibilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Reich
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Energy Law ◽  
The Eu

The European Energy Law will have great impact on Serbia and its renewable energy sector. The Energy Community is extending the European Union ("EU") internal energy market to Southeast Europe and beyond on the ground of legally binding treaty. Thus, Serbia, as a member of the Energy Community, has been committed to implement the relevant EU regulations concerning the energy sector step-by-step. Furthermore, the ability of Serbia to assume the obligations of membership is evaluated on the basis of the implementation of the EU Acquis. The energy sector? has been outlined by the European Commission as one of the fields where Serbia will have to undertake additional efforts to align with the acquis in the medium term. As the European Council granted Serbia the candidate status in March 2012, the EU will monitor the adoption of the EU Energy Acquis closely.

scholarly journals A symbiosis between renewable energy and tourism: The case ofDnipro region in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00087
Author(s):  
Hanna Shevchenko ◽  
Mykola Petrushenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
New Jobs

Transition economies have less ambition to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in comparison with developed economies. However, if to compare the benchmarks under Goal 9 “Affordable and clean energy” for Ukraine with the trends of its energy balance, the satisfaction of the relevant ambitions is possible only with a comprehensive approach. Purpose of the study is to analyse the multifaceted innovative intersectoral cooperation and inclusion of energy-tourism projects in the regional socio-economic and ecological programs, in accordance with the reference benchmarks under SDGs in Ukraine. The paper has outlined an approach to activation the relationship between renewable energy and tourism sphere, on the example of solar power plants in the Dnipro region. Implementation of the proposed, in the study, part of the regional program will create opportunities: for tourism sphere – improving the tourist image of the region, increasing in the number of domestic tourists, creating new jobs, increasing in volume of tourist services, increasing in revenues from tourism to regional and local budgets; for renewable energy sphere: also improving an image and information policy, increasing in number of future customers, generating additional income, improving indicators of social and environmental effectivness. The proposals set out in the paper will serve in the future as basis for the development of the ideas of energy-tourism symbiosis within the European Green Deal.

Sources of the Law of Immunity of International Organizations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Chukwuemeke Okeke
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Because international law is central to the determination of the jurisdictional immunity of international organizations, this chapter examines the sources of the immunity of international organizations, which is mainly treaty law. The basic text or constituent instrument by which member States establish international organizations usually provides for the organizations’ privileges and immunities. Provisions on privileges and immunities are also found in national legislation, and bilateral agreements, such as headquarters agreements or establishment agreements. The chapter also examines whether the immunity of international organizations is governed by customary international law in addition to treaty law. It further examines the interrelationship between treaty and customary international law, and the relationship between international law and national law with respect to jurisdictional immunity.

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