Fabrication of High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Grown on Carbon-Deposited Polyurethane Sponge

Composite porous supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by growing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on graphite nanoplatelet- or graphene nanoplatelet-deposited open-cell polyurethane (PU) sponges via a vapor phase polymerization (VPP) method. The resulting composite supercapacitor electrodes exhibited great capacitive performance, with PEDOT acting as both the conductive binder and the active material. The chemical composition was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge-discharge (CD) tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized to study the electrical performance of the composite electrodes produced in symmetrically configured supercapacitor cells. The carbon material deposited on PU substrates and the polymerization temperature of PEDOT affected significantly the PEDOT morphology and the electrical properties of the resulting composite sponges. The highest areal specific capacitance 798.2 mF cm−2 was obtained with the composite sponge fabricated by VPP of PEDOT at 110 °C with graphene nanoplatelet-deposited PU sponge substrate. The capacitance retention of this composite electrode was 101.0% after 10,000 charging–discharging cycles. The high flexibility, high areal specific capacitance, excellent long-term cycling stability and low cost make these composite sponges promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen-Enriched Reduced Graphene Oxide for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.18496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 4854-4859 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lei Chen ◽

Xu Chen ◽

Yaqiong Wen ◽

Bixia Wang ◽

Yangchen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrode Material ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Oxide Electrode ◽

Reduced Graphene

Nitrogen-enriched reduced graphene oxide electrode material can be successfully prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and microstructure of ready to use electrode material is measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Physical characterizations revealed that nitrogen-enriched reduced graphene oxide electrode material possessed high specific surface area of 429.6 m2 · g−1, resulting in high utilization of electrode materials with electrolyte. Electrochemical performance of nitrogen-enriched reduced graphene oxide electrode was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in aqueous in 6 M KOH with a three-electrode system, which displayed a high specific capacitance about 223.5 F · g−1 at 1 mV · s−1. More importantly, nitrogenenriched reduced graphene oxide electrode exhibited outstanding stability with 100% coulombic efficiency and with no specific capacitance loss under 2 A · g−1 after 10000 cycles. The supercapacitive behaviors indicated that nitrogen-enriched reduced graphene oxide can be a used as a promising electrode for high-performance super-capacitors.

Download Full-text

LiFePO4 - Activated Carbon Composite Electrode as Symmetrical Electrochemical Capacitor in Mild Aqueous Electrolyte

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 627 ◽

pp. 3-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.Y. Ho ◽

Poi Sim Khiew ◽

D. Isa ◽

T.K. Tan ◽

W.S. Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Composite Electrode ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Electrochemical Capacitor ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Composite Electrodes ◽

Capacitive Performance

In this study, a symmetric electrochemical capacitor has been fabricated by adopting the lithiated compound (LiFePO4)-activated carbon (AC) composite as the core electrode materials. The electrochemical performances of the prepared supercapacitor were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1.0 M Na2SO3 solution. Experimental results reveal that the maximum specific capacitance of 112.41 F/g is obtained in 40 wt % LiFePO4 loading on AC electrode in comparison to that of pure AC electrode (76.24 F/g) in 1 M Na2SO3. The enhanced capacitive performance of the 40 wt % LiFeO4 –AC composite electrode is believed attributed to the contribution of synergistic effect of electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) on the surface of AC as well as pseudocapacitance via intercalation/extraction of Na+, SO32-and Li+ ions in LiFePO4 lattices. The composite electrodes can sustain a stable capacitive performance at least 1000 cycles with only ~5 % specific capacitance loss after 1000 cycles. Based on the findings above, 40 wt % LiFeO4 –AC composite electrodes which utilise low cost materials and environmental friendly electrolyte is worth being investigated in more details.

Download Full-text

Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Polyaniline and Carbon Aerogels Composite Electrode Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.18 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 391-392 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Zheng Jin ◽

Dong Yu Zhao ◽

Bo Hong Li ◽

Xiao Min Ren ◽

Shan Tao Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Composite Electrode ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Carbon Aerogels ◽

Composite Electrodes ◽

Long Cycle Life ◽

Hybrid Supercapacitors

The purpose of this paper is to develop feasible composite electrodes with a long cycle life and large specific capacitance and to investigate optimal ratio between aniline and carbon aerogels (CA) materials. The characterization of the composite electrode materials was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the constant charge-discharge. The specific capacitance of the composite electrode materials, measured using cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 1mV•s-1, was found to be 1139.66F•g-1. For a simple supercapcitor, the highest specific capacitance (127.53 F•g-1 at 30mA) is obtained at ratio between aniline and CA is 1:4.

Download Full-text

Plasma Surface Functionalization of Carbon Nanofibres with Silver, Palladium and Platinum Nanoparticles for Cost-Effective and High-Performance Supercapacitors

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10010002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zelun Li ◽

Shaojun Qi ◽

Yana Liang ◽

Zhenxue Zhang ◽

Xiaoying Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Carbon Nanofibres ◽

X Ray ◽

Active Screen

Due to their relatively low cost, large surface area and good chemical and physical properties, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are attractive for the fabrication of electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs). However, their relatively low electrical conductivity has impeded their practical application. To this end, a novel active-screen plasma activation and deposition technology has been developed to deposit silver, platinum and palladium nanoparticles on activated CNFs surfaces to increase their specific surface area and electrical conductivity, thus improving the specific capacitance. The functionalised CNFs were fully characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed a significant improvement in specific capacitance, as well as electrochemical impedance over the untreated CNFs. The functionalisation of CNFs via environmental-friendly active-screen plasma technology provides a promising future for cost-effective supercapacitors with high power and energy density.

Download Full-text

Electric Field Enhanced Synthesis of Copper Hydroxide Nanostructures for Supercapacitor Application

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292017500102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 1750010

Author(s):

S. Sepahvand ◽

S. Ghasemi ◽

Z. Sanaee

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Copper Substrate ◽

Cyclic Voltammograms ◽

Copper Hydroxide ◽

Supercapacitor Application ◽

Average Grain Size

Electric field enhanced approach has been used to synthesize different copper hydroxide morphologies as high-performance supercapacitors electrode materials. Employing this efficient, simple and low cost method, various shapes such as rod, flower and cube with an average grain size of 30[Formula: see text]nm to 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m were obtained on the copper substrate. The results revealed that applied electric field considerably accelerates the formation time of nanostructures from several days to close to 1[Formula: see text]min, where some of the desired nanostructures were obtained even in 1[Formula: see text]s. The electrochemical properties of different morphologies were compared using cyclic voltammograms and charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that the two types of fabricated structures showed high maximum areal and specific capacitance of 42[Formula: see text]mF/cm2 and 178[Formula: see text]F/g at scan rate of 20[Formula: see text]mVs[Formula: see text], respectively, which make them excellent and promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Download Full-text

Unveiling the SEI Formation in a Potassium Ion Battery Using Distribution of Relaxation Time

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36339/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuhui Chen ◽

Chuanchao Sheng ◽

Fengjiao Yu ◽

Chunmei Li ◽

Heng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Time ◽

High Performance ◽

Composite Electrode ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

High Capacity ◽

Sei Layer

Abstract Understanding of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation process in novel battery systems is of primary importance. Alongside increasing powerful in-situ techniques, searching for readily-accessible, non-invasive, and low-cost tools to probe battery chemistry is highly demanded. Here, we applied distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis to interpret in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results during cycling, which is able to distinguish various electrochemical processes based on their time constants. By building direct link between SEI layer and the cell performances, it allows us track the formation and evolution process of SEI layer, diagnose the failure of cell, and unveil the reaction mechanism. For instance, in a K-ion cell using SnS2/N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) composite electrode, we found that the ion-transport in the electrolyte phase is the main reason of cell deterioration. In the electrolyte with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI), the porous structure of the composite electrode was reinforced by rapid formation of a robust SEI layer at SnS2/electrolyte interface and thus the KFSI-based cell delivers a high capacity and good cycleability. This method lowers the barrier of in-situ EIS analysis, and helps public researchers to explore high-performance electrode materials.

Download Full-text

V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites as electrode materials of supercapacitors

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604717500771 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (06) ◽

pp. 1750077 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xun Zhang ◽

Zhonglin Bu ◽

Rui Xu ◽

Bing Xie ◽

Hong-Yi Li

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Mesoporous Structure ◽

Carbon Composites ◽

Supercapacitor Application ◽

Ion Intercalation

Electrode materials with high performance and low cost are demanding in supercapacitor applications. Novel V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites have been prepared simply and cost-efficiently. Due to the mesoporous structure and high specific surface of V2O3 nanofoam and the good electric conductivity of activated carbon, the obtained composites exhibit an obviously improved specific capacitance as high as 185[Formula: see text]F/g, which overpasses bulk V2O3 (119[Formula: see text]F/g) and activated carbon (113[Formula: see text]F/g). The rate capability of V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites has also been improved, owing to the increased electron transport accelerated by the activated carbon and the fast electrolyte ion intercalation/deintercalation facilitated by mesopores of V2O3 nanofoam. The composites retain 56% of initial specific capacitance when the current density increases from 0.05[Formula: see text]A/g to 1.0[Formula: see text]A/g. Therefore, the obtained V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites are low-cost electrode materials with obviously improved electrochemical performance, which are idea for supercapacitor application.

Download Full-text

Organic electrode materials for non-aqueous, aqueous, and all-solid-state Na-ion batteries

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta00528f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn Holguin ◽

Motahareh Mohammadiroudbari ◽

Kaiqiang Qin ◽

Chao Luo

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Organic Electrode ◽

Li Ion

Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the low cost, abundance, and high sustainability of sodium resources. However, the high performance of inorganic electrode materials...

Download Full-text