scholarly journals Public Service Obligation Levy in the Context of Energy Sustainability and Security: The Cases of Ireland, Greece, Denmark and Lithuania

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Tomas Karpavicius ◽  
Tomas Balezentis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Energy policy affects the functioning of the economic and financial systems of countries worldwide. This paper provides a theoretical overview of the economy–energy nexus and discusses the particular cases of the energy policy dynamics amid the sustainability goals. This paper integrates multiple perspectives on the energy–economy nexus, with a particular focus on the energy trilemma, 4As of energy security and PESTEL approach. This allows the development of a comprehensive framework for the analysis of energy security and the sustainability interaction. A review of manifestations of the different dimensions of energy security and sustainability is carried out to identify the most topical facets of the issue. Then, the cases of the selected European Union countries (Ireland, Greece, Denmark and Lithuania) are presented to highlight the effects and features of the recent energy policy changes there. Indeed, these countries apply a PSO levy mechanism on electricity tariffs and are diverse in their geopolitical situation, economic development, geographical situation and energy dependency level. The analysis of the situations of such different countries applying the PSO levy mechanism makes it possible to perform a broader and more in-depth assessment and comparison of electricity tariff regulations. Thus, the developed theoretical model is applied to identify the major outcomes of the energy policy regimes (with a focus on tariff regulation) in the selected countries.

European Energy Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Heshmati ◽  
Shahrouz Abolhosseini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The European Union

This chapter reviews relevant literature on the current state and effectiveness of developing renewable energy on energy security in general, and on energy security in the European Union (EU) in particular. The chapter elaborates on primary energy import sources, possible alternatives, and how energy security is affected by the sources of supply. It also gives an analysis of the effects of the Ukrainian crisis, the isolation of Iran on diversification sources, and on European energy security. It examines EU’s energy policy, analyses the best motivation for a new energy policy direction within Europe, and suggests alternative solutions for enhanced energy supply security. The aim is to suggest suitable solutions for energy security in Europe through energy supply diversification. Supply diversification includes alternative energy corridors for reducing dependency on Russia as a supplier and enhancing the power generated by renewable energy sources under the European Union 2020 strategy.

EU Climate and Energy Policy: A Hesitant Supranational Turn?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Wettestad ◽  
Per Ove Eikeland ◽  
Måns Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

This article examines the recent changes of three central EU climate and energy policies: the revised Emissions Trading Directive (ETS); the Renewables Directive (RES); and internal energy market (IEM) policy. An increasing transference of competence to EU level institutions, and hence “vertical integration,” has taken place, most clearly in the case of the ETS. The main reasons for the differing increase in vertical integration are, first, that more member states were dissatisfied with the pre-existing system in the case of the ETS than in the two other cases. Second, the European Commission and Parliament were comparatively more united in pushing for changes in the case of the ETS. And, third, although RES and IEM policies were influenced by regional energy security concerns, they were less structurally linked to and influenced by the global climate regime than the ETS.

From Kyoto to Paris: Measuring renewable energy policy regimes in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Pischke ◽  
Barry Solomon ◽  
Adam Wellstead ◽  
Alberto Acevedo ◽  
Amarella Eastmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Renewable Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Regimes

Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Białorusi na międzynarodowym rynku ropy naftowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
The Common

Access to energy resources has become one of the main challenges of energy security in the modern world. Due to the growing political instability of countries exporting energy resources, the energy security category should be perceived in a special way. Energy security is expressed, first of all, in stable access to energy resources at an acceptable price. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the strategy of diversifying the sources of crude oil imports to Poland and Belarus is implemented in practice, and to what extent the implementation of this strategy is conducive to building energy security for both these countries. It seems that despite the similar geological and geographical conditions, as well as the common historical infrastructure heritage, Poland and Belarus shape their energy policy differently. The conducted analysis has an empirical dimension, as the REES index is used to measure the concentration of imports and the short-term risk for the security of crude oil supplies. The article shows that a properly implemented diversification strategy significantly improves the country’s energy security, which is possible due to the use of alternative directions for oil imports to the Russian one.

Pollution and Renewable Energy

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Kijpokin Kasemsap
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Renewable Energy Policy ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Global Carbon

This chapter presents the overview of pollution; the issues of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution; the aspects of renewable energy; energy security and energy imports; and renewable energy policy and renewable energy policy instruments. Pollution is one of the most important environmental, social, and health issues in the world. Pollution creates many diseases and causes death of many people across the globe. The environmental damage caused by pollution can reach catastrophic proportions and destroy entire ecosystems leading to the death of many species and a big biodiversity loss. Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions and the pace of investment has greatly increased as the cost of technologies fall and efficiency continues to rise. Renewable energy offers a wide variety of different options to choose from as countries can choose between sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and water resources.

China’s energy policies and strategies for climate change and energy security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Deng ◽  
Paolo Davide Farah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
International Data ◽  
National Energy Security ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract National energy security, parallel with the ultimate goal of emissions reductions, is of utmost priority for the Chinese government. In order to comply with the requirements set by the Kyoto Protocol, the Chinese government announced, on 25 November 2009, that 2020’s CO2 emissions would be reduced by 40–45 per cent in accordance with the data collected from 2005. Said goal was met three years ahead of schedule. Even in light of such an accomplishment, however, commentators suggest that the overall nationally determined contributions (NDCs) made by the Parties belonging to the Paris agreement are not enough to reduce global warming by even 2°C. This article focuses on the concept of energy security in assessing whether, and how, the priorities related to climate change are gradually changing. After analysing climate change’s impact on China, conducted via an analysis of the study’s available literature and through the support of international data, this article mainly focuses on the concept of energy security, itself. Under the second section, based on the examination of China’s efforts to transition towards a low-carbon economy, the authors provide a holistic definition of energy security through the lens of three dimensions: energy supply security, energy economy and energy ecological security. The third section, in turn, addresses the relationship between energy security and climate change. The results presented in the conclusion insist that, in order to strengthen environmental protection in China, it is crucial to reform the highly inefficient and strictly regulated national energy market. In doing so, China’s transition to a low-carbon society and economy could prove less painful, as China’s available resources offer the potential for a strengthened ecological dimension and sustained socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Debating China’s Energy Security

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Daojiong Zha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
External Actors

In China, debates on energy security are diverse and far beyond geopolitical analysis. Findings from the ever-expanding literature indicate two major schools of thought, namely the nationalist and globalist ones, while a pragmatic approach has been prevailing that integrates exploring domestic sources and engaging external actors when needed. The challenges of having to do whatever feasible to meet energy demands and at the same time, pursuing alternatives that reduce its negative impact on human health and environment, have led to growing pluralism in policy advocacy in China. While the two schools of thought on energy security will continue to compete against each other, the argumentative strength of each school shall be conditioned by many factors influencing China’s macro-economic fluctuations in general and energy economies in particular. The Chinese government’s energy policy-making is expected to reflect a dynamic balance between both schools.

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