scholarly journals Reliability Evaluation of Cyber–Physical Power Systems Considering Supply- and Demand-Side Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Zihao Cheng ◽  
Wen Gu
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Demand Side

To reach effective monitoring and control, a physical power grid couples with a communication network and evolves into cyber–physical power systems (CPPS), but this cyber–physical interdependence may exacerbate failure on the physical/cyber side and may turn into a cascading failure. Furthermore, distributed generators (DGs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) introduced into CPPS add uncertainties to both the supply side and demand side of power energy. In this paper, we detail the model of CPPS and its coupling mechanism in operation and discuss the propagation mechanism of cascading failure within and across a physical power grid and a communication network. For uncertainties of power energy in the supply and demand sides, the generation and load of each day are divided into 24 time segments for modeling. In the case study, the well-being criteria and reliability indexes are employed to analyze the effect of DGs and cyber–physical interdependence on the reliability of CPPS when DGs suffer aging failure and cyber attacks, and the simulations indicate that introducing DGs can effectively enhance the period of healthy and marginal states. Furthermore, cyber attacks can sharply destroy the CPPS compared with aging failure.

Reactive Power Control Strategy of Demand Side Back-to-Back Converter Based on VSM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242-1255
Author(s):  
Xiao Lyu ◽  
Gang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Reactive Power Control ◽  
Side Load

Background: The Demand Side Management (DSM) technology is playing an increasingly important role in the power system, in order to promote the real-time supply and demand balance of the power grid and improve the economy and safety of the power grid. Objective: To realize the flexible and continuous reactive power control of demand side load, a reactive power control strategy for the demand side back-to-back converter (DS-B2BC) is proposed. Methods: First, DS-B2BC is proposed. Then, the reactive power control model of DS-B2BC and its control loop are designed, and the reactive power control model, based on the Virtual Synchronous Motor (VSM), is established. Results: The simulation results verify that the reactive power control strategy proposed in this paper is effective, which can control the demand side load reactive power flexibly and continuously. Conclusion: Moreover, the strategy can counteract the disturbance from the power grid simultaneously.

scholarly journals Malaysian Affordability Housing Policies Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Diwa Samad ◽  
Nurshuhada Zainon ◽  
Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim ◽  
Eric Lou
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Concern ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Price Hike ◽  
United Nation

Housing has always been a significant aspiration of family expression and distinctly priciest investment by household. It plays a momentous role in the country's economy and so central to the societal well-being that is emplaced in the United Nation Universal declaration of Human rights. Yet in developed and developing world alike, cities struggle to provide decent housing for lower and middle income population. The provision of affordable housing is a major policy concern around the world with Malaysia being no exception; rising income hardly keep pace with price hike of housing unit and housing interventions has majorly concentrated on demand side leading to a non-responsive supply sector. Therefore, this paper highlights affordable housing issues pertaining Malaysia. It formulates Malaysian Map of affordability and conducts an evaluation of global housing schemes to better identify policy priorities for Malaysia. It's significant to harmonize supply and demand side factors in the housing market to ensure that housing supply fits the needs of citizens based on the location, price and target group. In case of Malaysia supply oriented initiative are of urgency in short and medium run. This must be supported by long term demand side schemes in parallel. Convergence of these two factors is essential for a balanced equilibrium and obtaining affordability.

scholarly journals A Cyber-secure Framework for Power Grids Based on Federated Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutang You
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Reliable Power Supply ◽  
Secure Framework

Cyber security is important of power grids to ensure secure and reliable power supply. This paper presented a cyber- secure framework for power grids based on federated learning. In this framework, each entity, which may be a distribution/transmission/generation service provider or even a customer, can contribute to the overall system immunity and robustness to cyber-attacks, while not required to share local data, which may have privacy, legal and property concerns. The main idea is to use the federated learning framework to share the knowledge learned from local data instead of sharing power grid data itself. With complete knowledge learned from all data from the power grid, each entity is better positioned to defend the cyber-attacks and improve power grid resiliency. Future work on applying this federated learning based framework in power systems is also discussed.

scholarly journals Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gorjão ◽  
Richard Jumar ◽  
Heiko Maass ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
G. Cigdem Yalcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System

Abstract The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Network Based Smart Grid Communications: Cyber Attacks, Intrusion Detection System and Topology Control

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipi Chhaya ◽  
Paawan Sharma ◽  
Govind Bhagwatikar ◽  
Adesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

An existing power grid is going through a massive transformation. Smart grid technology is a radical approach for improvisation in prevailing power grid. Integration of electrical and communication infrastructure is inevitable for the deployment of Smart grid network. Smart grid technology is characterized by full duplex communication, automatic metering infrastructure, renewable energy integration, distribution automation and complete monitoring and control of entire power grid. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are small micro electrical mechanical systems which are accomplished to collect and communicate the data from surroundings. WSNs can be used for monitoring and control of smart grid assets. Security of wireless sensor based communication network is a major concern for researchers and developers. The limited processing capabilities of wireless sensor networks make them more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. The countermeasures against cyber-attacks must be less complex with an ability to offer confidentiality, data readiness and integrity. The address oriented design and development approach for usual communication network requires a paradigm shift to design data oriented WSN architecture. WSN security is an inevitable part of smart grid cyber security. This paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive assessment and analysis of communication standards, cyber security issues and solutions for WSN based smart grid infrastructure.

scholarly journals Open database analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Rydin Gorjão ◽  
Richard Jumar ◽  
Heiko Maass ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
G. Cigdem Yalcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractThe electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open database of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open database and analyses constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

scholarly journals Energy Transition on Islands with the Presence of Electric Vehicles: A Case Study for Porto Santo

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3439
Author(s):  
Roham Torabi ◽  
Álvaro Gomes ◽  
F. Morgado-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The Impact

Facilitating high-RES (Renewable Energy Resources) penetration via integrated resource management is considered a promising strategy on different islands worldwide. For this work, the Portuguese island of Porto Santo is established as a test bench using actual data from the island. Given its geographical condition and energy needs, integrating the management of different resources (namely, the electric power grid with the water supply system, intensive in-land transportation electrification, and the energy storage applications) is analyzed by this work to achieve a power grid relying entirely on RES. The energy storage utilization and the purposeful manipulations in demand patterns have been perceived as instruments to reduce RES availability and consumption mismatch. Electric Vehicles (EV) could be perceived as a reliable alternative to centralized storage systems, acting either as a load or power resource (generator), providing the required flexibility for power systems to uptake the increased RES and maintaining the balance of supply and demand. This means that EVs could contribute to greening both the power system and the transport sectors. Hence, the impact of the EVs’ penetration level on the island was assessed through a gradual increase in the EVs’ total number (from 0 to a fleet containing 2500 vehicles). Furthermore, a collaboration between the water supply (seawater desalination) and the energy sector is proposed. The obtained results revealed that the optimized management of resources could significantly help the overall energy system (power grid) to rely only on RES (solar and wind energies). The curtailments decreased relatively (maximizing the RES share), while the polluter conventional power plant remained off over the simulation periods.

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