scholarly journals A Cyber-secure Framework for Power Grids Based on Federated Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutang You
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Reliable Power Supply ◽  
Secure Framework

Cyber security is important of power grids to ensure secure and reliable power supply. This paper presented a cyber- secure framework for power grids based on federated learning. In this framework, each entity, which may be a distribution/transmission/generation service provider or even a customer, can contribute to the overall system immunity and robustness to cyber-attacks, while not required to share local data, which may have privacy, legal and property concerns. The main idea is to use the federated learning framework to share the knowledge learned from local data instead of sharing power grid data itself. With complete knowledge learned from all data from the power grid, each entity is better positioned to defend the cyber-attacks and improve power grid resiliency. Future work on applying this federated learning based framework in power systems is also discussed.

scholarly journals Digital Forensic Analysis of Industrial Control Systems Using Sandboxing: A Case of WAMPAC Applications in the Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Farhan Mahmood ◽  
Mathias Ekstedt
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Daubert Standard ◽  
And Control

In today’s connected world, there is a tendency of connectivity even in the sectors which conventionally have been not so connected in the past, such as power systems substations. Substations have seen considerable digitalization of the grid hence, providing much more available insights than before. This has all been possible due to connectivity, digitalization and automation of the power grids. Interestingly, this also means that anybody can access such critical infrastructures from a remote location and gone are the days of physical barriers. The power of connectivity and control makes it a much more challenging task to protect critical industrial control systems. This capability comes at a price, in this case, increasing the risk of potential cyber threats to substations. With all such potential risks, it is important that they can be traced back and attributed to any potential threats to their roots. It is extremely important for a forensic investigation to get credible evidence of any cyber-attack as required by the Daubert standard. Hence, to be able to identify and capture digital artifacts as a result of different attacks, in this paper, the authors have implemented and improvised a forensic testbed by implementing a sandboxing technique in the context of real time-hardware-in-the-loop setup. Newer experiments have been added by emulating the cyber-attacks on WAMPAC applications, and collecting and analyzing captured artifacts. Further, using sandboxing for the first time in such a setup has proven helpful.

scholarly journals A Survey on Power Grid Faults and Their Origins: A Contribution to Improving Power Grid Resilience

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Mar ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
João F. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Types Of Faults ◽  
Power System Resilience

One of the most critical infrastructures in the world is electrical power grids (EPGs). New threats affecting EPGs, and their different consequences, are analyzed in this survey along with different approaches that can be taken to prevent or minimize those consequences, thus improving EPG resilience. The necessity for electrical power systems to become resilient to such events is becoming compelling; indeed, it is important to understand the origins and consequences of faults. This survey provides an analysis of different types of faults and their respective causes, showing which ones are more reported in the literature. As a result of the analysis performed, it was possible to identify four clusters concerning mitigation approaches, as well as to correlate them with the four different states of the electrical power system resilience curve.

scholarly journals A Multi-Layer Security Scheme for Mitigating Smart Grid Vulnerability against Faults and Cyber-Attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9972
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed ◽  
Udaya Dampage ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Saleh H. Salmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Protocol ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
General Role ◽  
Uncertainty Parameters ◽  
The Impact

To comply with electric power grid automation strategies, new cyber-security protocols and protection are required. What we now experience is a new type of protection against new disturbances namely cyber-attacks. In the same vein, the impact of disturbances arising from faults or cyber-attacks should be surveyed by network vulnerability criteria alone. It is clear that the diagnosis of vulnerable points protects the power grid against disturbances that would inhibit outages such as blackouts. So, the first step is determining the network vulnerable points, and then proposing a support method to deal with these outages. This research proposes a comprehensive approach to deal with outages by determining network vulnerable points due to physical faults and cyber-attacks. The first point, the network vulnerable points against network faults are covered by microgrids. As the second one, a new cyber-security protocol named multi-layer security is proposed in order to prevent targeted cyber-attacks. The first layer is a cyber-security-based blockchain method that plays a general role. The second layer is a cyber-security-based reinforcement-learning method, which supports the vulnerable points by monitoring data. On the other hand, the trend of solving problems becomes routine when no ambiguity arises in different sections of the smart grid, while it is far from a big network’s realities. Hence, the impact of uncertainty parameters on the proposed framework needs to be considered. Accordingly, the unscented transform method is modeled in this research. The simulation results illustrate that applying such a comprehensive approach can greatly pull down the probability of blackouts.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cyber Attacks Vulnerabilities In Electrical Power Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-928
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Devices

The term “Smart grid” is used for the modernized electrical power system grids. Power grids as we know it is a collection of generation units and load centers that are connected through power lines. Smart grids are a newer version of power grids which basically is the digitalization of the infrastructure with the involvement of smart meters, sensors and different types of IED’s (Intelligent Electronic Devices). As the grids become smart they become vulnerable to attacks over the internet i.e., cyber attacks

Cyber Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Andreea DRAGOMIR
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Cross

The article aims to highlight issues related to the risks to both the European Union and the Member States, but at the same time seeks to highlight current legislative and political approaches applicable in cyberspace. This set of tools used in cyber diplomacy includes the concepts of cooperation and diplomatic dialogue (common cyber network of EU states, common cyber defense unit) but also measures to prevent cyber-attacks (European Union Cyber Security Strategy), as well as sanctions. Throughout this presentation, the main idea is supported by the cross-border nature of cyberspace.

Analysis of Cyber-Attacks Against the Transportation Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 1384-1402
Author(s):  
Brett van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Threat Intelligence ◽  
Security Incidents

For many countries the physical transport infrastructure is critical to the economy, with ports forming a gateway for the majority of trade, and rail and road used to distribute goods. Airlines are crucial to the tourism industry. Whilst the focus of cyber-defense is on financial networks and the power grid, recent incidents illustrate that the transport infrastructure is also susceptible to cyber-attacks. The chapter provides an overview of cyber-security incidents related to the transportation sector, and analyses the reports of the incidents to illustrate the prevalence of threat types and impact. The chapter then discusses some efforts to mitigate the threats in terms of regulations, threat intelligence and information sharing, and awareness training.

Assessment of Power System Risk in Cyber-Attacks in View of the Role Protection Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Hui Hwang Goh ◽  
Sy yi Sim ◽  
Omar Abdi Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Farah Mohamed ◽  
Chin Wan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
System Risk ◽  
Bus System

<p>This paper presents a risk assessment method for assessing the cyber security of power systems in view of the role of protection systems. This paper examines the collision of transmission and bus line protection systems positioned in substations on the cyber-physical performance of the power systems. The projected method simulates the physical feedback of power systems to hateful attacks on protection system settings and parameters. The relationship between protection device settings, protection logic, and circuit breaker logic is analyzed. The expected load reduction (ELC) indicator is used in this paper to determine potential losses in the system due to cyber attacks. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate ELC’s account to assess the capabilities of the attackers and bus arrangements are changed. The influence of the projected risk assessment method is illustrated by the use of the 9-bus system and the IEEE-68 bus system.</p>

scholarly journals Grid Cyber-Security Strategy in an Attacker-Defender Model

Cryptography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Vincent John Mooney ◽  
Santiago Grijalva
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
First Time

The progression of cyber-attacks on the cyber-physical system is analyzed by the Probabilistic, Learning Attacker, and Dynamic Defender (PLADD) model. Although our research does apply to all cyber-physical systems, we focus on power grid infrastructure. The PLADD model evaluates the effectiveness of moving target defense (MTD) techniques. We consider the power grid attack scenarios in the AND configurations and OR configurations. In addition, we consider, for the first time ever, power grid attack scenarios involving both AND configurations and OR configurations simultaneously. Cyber-security managers can use the strategy introduced in this manuscript to optimize their defense strategies. Specifically, our research provides insight into when to reset access controls (such as passwords, internet protocol addresses, and session keys), to minimize the probability of a successful attack. Our mathematical proof for the OR configuration of multiple PLADD games shows that it is best if all access controls are reset simultaneously. For the AND configuration, our mathematical proof shows that it is best (in terms of minimizing the attacker′s average probability of success) that the resets are equally spaced apart. We introduce a novel concept called hierarchical parallel PLADD system to cover additional attack scenarios that require combinations of AND and OR configurations.

scholarly journals Selected converter topologies for interfacing energy storages with power grid

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
A. Domino ◽  
K. Zymmer ◽  
M. Parchomiuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Level Converter ◽  
Type Power

Abstract The paper presents different solutions applicable in power converter systems for connecting power grids with energy storage systems such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitor energy storage (SES) or chemical batteries. Those systems are characterized by bidirectional current flow between energy storage and power grid. Two-level converters (AC-DC and DC-AC converters) dedicated for low power energy storage compatible with 3×400 V-type power grids are proposed. High power systems are connected with 3×6 kV-type power grids via transformers that adjust voltage to the particular energy storage or directly, based on multilevel power converters (AC-DC and DC-AC) or dual active bridge (DAB) systems. Solutions ensuring power grid compatibility with several energy storage systems of the same electrical parameters as well as of different voltage-current characteristics are also proposed. Selected simulation results illustrating operation of two system topologies of 200 kW power for two-level converter and neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level converter are presented.

scholarly journals Towards online optimization for power grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Deming Yuan ◽  
Abhishek Bhardwaj ◽  
Ian Petersen ◽  
Elizabeth L. Ratnam ◽  
Guodong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Distributed Optimization ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Online Optimization ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
Grid Operators

In this note, we discuss potential advantages in extending distributed optimization frameworks to enhance support for power grid operators managing an influx of online sequential decisions. First, we review the state-of-the-art distributed optimization frameworks for electric power systems, and explain how distributed algorithms deliver scalable solutions. Next, we introduce key concepts and paradigms for online optimization, and present a distributed online optimization framework highlighting important performance characteristics. Finally, we discuss the connection and difference between offline and online distributed optimization, showcasing the suitability of such optimization techniques for power grid applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document