scholarly journals A Smart Farming System for Circular Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Aristotelis C. Tagarakis ◽  
Christos Dordas ◽  
Maria Lampridi ◽  
Dimitrios Kateris ◽  
Dionysis Bochtis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural activities such as fertilization and other crop management techniques contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution; the cost of such activities is considerably high, with nitrogen pollution costing the EU up to 320 billion euros annually. In the present study, an integrated system has been proposed which utilizes smart farming tools and smart processing methodologies following the concept of a circular economy to reduce the impact of agricultural activity on climate change. Circular agriculture and precision farming together with the use of appropriate crop management tools may contribute to better resource use efficiency and sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Profitability of sandbar cropping method of pumpkin cultivation in char land areas of northern Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khatun ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
MAM Miah ◽  
S Khandoker ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Resource

The study was undertaken to find out the profitability and export potentialities of pumpkin cultivation in the char lands of Rangpur and Gaibandha district of Bangladesh. A total of 120 pumpkin growers taking 60 farmers from each district were randomly selected for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze cost and return of pumpkin. The Cobb-Douglass production function was used to estimate the coefficients of the various variables analysed and MPP, MVP and resource use efficiency were also used to estimate the efficiency of resource use in the study area. The study revealed that net returns were positive for pumpkin cultivation. However, the higher net return was estimated for Rangpur district (Tk 105,299/ha) compared to Gaibandha (Tk.93, 936/ha). Bangladesh had comparative advantage for producing pumpkin as the estimates of domestic resource cost (DRC) was less than one. The value of DRC for pumpkin was less than unity implied that the production of pumpkin would be highly efficient for export promotion. The estimated results of the Cobb-Douglass production function showed increasing returns to scale. The results of the efficiency computation indicated that inputs were underutilized. Farmers in the study area used too little input to cultivate pumpkin that means the cost of using inputs is less than the value of marginal product. This suggests that farmers can incur more cost for these inputs to be efficient and then production will be increased.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 647-663, December 2017

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Resource Use Efficiency in Cauliflower Production: A Micro level Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Renu Kumari ◽  
R.R. Mishra ◽  
D.K. Sinha ◽  
Nasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Cost Efficiencies ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

The study gives insights on production performance of one of Bihar’s most important vegetable, the cauliflower. Compound annual growth in area, production and productivity of cauliflower were analyzed to investigate the expansion or shrinkage of the cauliflower in Samastipur district of Bihar as well as for the entire state. In this investigation, resource use efficiency of the respondent farmers were also calculated to know whether the farmers are operating technically, allocatively or cost effectively or not in production of cauliflower in the study area. Significant positive growth in area, production and productivity of cauliflower in Bihar was observed during the period of investigation. The growth in area, production and productivity of cauliflower exhibited almost similar trend in case of Samastipur district. The analysis of resource use efficiency of cauliflower production revealed that the mean level of technical, allocative and cost efficiencies of all the sample respondents were estimated at 0.67, 0.61 and 0.41 which implied that the cauliflower growers could decrease the current input by 33.00%, reduce the cost of production of cauliflower by 39.00% for which they would have to be more aware of relative input prices prevailing in the market, while deciding upon quantum of various inputs, and reduce the current cost of the produce by 59.00% to achieve a potential minimum cost of production relative to the efficient farmers given current level of output. In this way the efficiency scores suggest that there is a considerable scope for decreasing inputs and thereby reducing the cost of production in cauliflower cultivation in the study area. The study pointed out that the farmers in the study area were not properly aware about the package of practices of cultivation of cauliflower and under or over utilizing the resources of productivity causing gap in output of the crop. Proper farmer's field trials and awareness campaigns on improved practices and correct method of use of inputs need to be imparted which will ultimately benefit the producers.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs between Sustainability Indicators in Response to the Production Choices of Different Farm Household Types in Drylands

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loubna El Ansari ◽  
Roza Chenoune ◽  
Yigezu A. Yigezu ◽  
Christian Gary ◽  
Hatem Belhouchette
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farming Households

A lot of national and international effort has been made to promote sustainable agricultural production systems in drylands. However, success has been seriously limited due to lack of thorough characterization of the impact of the diversity of farm household types on productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic and nutritional status. This study applied hierarchical ascendant classification to a random sample of 286 cereal-producing farm households in Morocco and identified distinct household typologies. It also carried out an analysis of trade-offs between economic, nutritional and environmental factors induced by the production decisions of the different farm household typologies. Our analysis identified three dominant farm household typologies in the production system, namely: (i) intensive predominantly-vegetable farming households with high input intensities, (ii) semi-intensive cereal mono-crop farming households with moderate input intensities and (iii) extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households with low input intensities. Extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households exhibited the highest resource-use efficiency and high biodiversity. These benefits, however, came at the expense of a much lower farm income and limited food supplies relative to the other two systems. These results show that, as is the case for many dryland regions, all three farm types showed precarious conditions for one or more of the sustainability-related indicators.

Farm households’ perception on climate change and adaptation practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binaya Joshi ◽  
Weihong Ji ◽  
Narayan Babu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to assess the farming community’s perception on important parameters of climate change and identify major practices and technologies adopted to mitigate the impacts of climate change and their determinants in mountain district of Nepal. Being an agrarian economy and dependent on monsoon rain, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and production has been experienced. Different adaptation strategies have been adopted by the communities to cope with the consequences of climate change. Design/methodology/approach Four village development committees (VDCs) situated in the buffer zone of Langtang National Park of Rasuwa district representing rice, wheat, maize and potato production area was purposively selected for this study. A two-stage sampling technique was adopted for data and information collection. Thirty households from each VDC were randomly selected. Data on the socio-economic and climate change perception were collected using structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression technique was used to identify the determinants of climate change adaptation technologies and practices. Findings The farmers’ decisions whether to adopt climate change adaptation technologies are governed by the size of landholding, perceived threat of climate change to food security, education level and gender of the interviewee, perception on the increased incidence of droughts during rainy season and income received from the off-farm sources. In a community where agricultural activity is the dominant means of living, adaptive strategies help to increase the capacity of a farming system to survive external shocks and cope with the consequences. Originality/value The assessment of farm-level adaptation strategies and factors influencing their adoption decision is important to formulate policies and design programs. This will also help to recognize adaptation as a tool for managing a variety of risks associated with climate change in agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Pulsed LED Light: Exploring the Balance between Energy Use and Nutraceutical Properties in Indoor-Grown Lettuce

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Laura Carotti ◽  
Giulia Potente ◽  
Giuseppina Pennisi ◽  
Karina B. Ruiz ◽  
Stefania Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

In indoor vertical farms, energy consumption represents a bottleneck for both a system’s affordability and environmental footprint. Although switching frequency (sf) represents a crucial factor in determining the efficacy of light emitting diodes (LED) lighting systems in converting electricity into light, the impact of sf is still underexplored. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of LEDs sf on the productive and qualitative responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), also considering the resource use efficiency. Plants were grown for 14 days under red and blue LEDs (215 μmol m−2 s−1 and 16/8 h light/dark, with a red:blue ratio of 3) characterized by two different sf for the blue diode, namely high sf (850 kHz) and low sf (293 kHz). A fluorescent light (same light intensity and photoperiod) was included. LED sf did not alter plant morphological parameters, including fresh or dry biomass, leaf number, leaf area, or water use efficiency. A low sf increased the energy use efficiency (EUE) by 40% as compared to high sf. The latter enhanced the leaf antioxidant capacity, as a consequence of increased concentrations of caftaric and chicoric acids, isoquercetin, and luteolin, consistent with the upregulation of a few genes related to the biosynthetic pathway of phenolic compounds (4C3H and DFR). The study highlights that different sf may significantly affect the EUE as well as crop nutritional properties.

scholarly journals A RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF ORTHODOX TEA IN ILLAM DISTRICT OF NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Dreesti Wasti ◽  
Shiva Chandra Dhakal ◽  
Rishi Ram Kattel ◽  
Suryamani Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Factor Constant

Despite of the high rate of the orthodox tea, the net margin is still below the satisfactory level. Thus, the present research was conducted to estimate the cost and production efficiency of orthodox tea in Ilam district of Nepal. A total of 160 samples were collected, 80 each from organic and conventional tea growing area of Deumai rural municipality, Ilam municipality and two wards of Suryodaya municipality. Similarly, 4 tea processing factories and 5 local traders were selected purposely. The B:C ratio of conventional orthodox tea farming (2.76) was significantly higher organic orthodox tea production (2.07). With 1 percent increase in fertilizer and manure cost would significantly decrease (p<0.05) the revenue from orthodox tea by 0.07 percent keeping another factor constant. Similarly, organic orthodox tea over conventional orthodox tea farming, the revenue will significantly decrease (p<0.01) by 47 percent other factors remaining constant the result indicate that with respect to fertilizer and labor it was found that increase in fertilizer and manure cost would decrease the revenue from orthodox tea.

scholarly journals A New Standard Area Diagram Set for Assessment of Severity of Soybean Rust Improves Accuracy of Estimates and Optimizes Resource Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
Kaique Santos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most important yield- damaging fungal disease of soybean due to severe reduction in healthy leaf area and acceleration of leaf fall. In experimental research, SBR severity is estimated visually aided/trained by a standard area diagram (SAD) developed and validated during the mid- 2000s (Old SAD). In this study, we propose a new SAD set for SBR with six true-colour diagrams following linear increments (c.15% increments) amended with four additional diagrams at low (&lt;10%) severities, totaling 10 diagrams (0.2%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 40%, 55%, 70%, and 84%). For evaluation, 37 raters were split into two groups. Each assessed severity in a 50-image sample (0.25% to 84%), first unaided and then using either the Old SAD or the New SAD. Accuracy, precision, and reliability of estimates improved significantly relative to unaided estimates only when aided by the New SAD (accuracy &gt;0.95). Low precision (&lt;0.78) and a trend of underestimation with an increase in severity were the main issues with the Old SAD, which did not differ from unaided estimates. Simulation to evaluate the impact of the errors by different methods on hypothesis tests, showed that the new SAD was more powerful for detecting the smallest difference in mean control (e.g., 70% vs. 65% disease reduction) than the Old SAD; the latter required a 2-fold increase in sample size to achieve the same power. There is a need to improve some SADs, taking advantage of new knowledge and technology to increase accuracy of the estimates, and to optimize both resource use efficiency and management decisions.

scholarly journals Resource Use Efficiency on Potato Farms in Azamgarh District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Ram Singh Yadav ◽  
R. R. Kushwaha ◽  
Kuldeep Maurya ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Bhartendu Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The present study was carried out in Pawai block of Azamgarh district and five villages were selected randomly. A total number of 100 respondents were taken from the sleeted villages following the proportionate random sampling. The respondents were categorized as marginal (48), small (29) and medium (23) the data pertained to the agriculture year 2016-2017. The average holding size on overall farms was 1.553 ha and cropping intensity was 217.92 per cent. Cropping intensity was inversely related with the size of farms. The per farm average investment on overall farm came to Rs.242208.79 and maximum share was under the head of building i.e. 57.00 per cent followed by farm machinery and livestock share. The overall average cost of cultivation (C3) per hectare was Rs. 78154.62 and Gross income came to Rs. 123527.20, which offers a net income of Rs. 45372.50. Among the various resources considered under study the cost of seed showed significant relationship at 1 per cent level of probability in marginal category of farms and it was significantly associated at 5 per cent probability level in small and medium size group of farms. Another factor of production i.e. manures and fertilizer was found significantly associated with dependent variable at 1 per cent level probability in all farm situations. The sum of elasticity shows that potato cultivation was characterized as decreasing return to scale and positive value of marginal product indicate towards the further scope of expenditure on input to earn more than the cost. Problem related with hired human labour and technical knowledge were notice at 1st and 2nd rank by the sample farmers.

scholarly journals Modeling Flow and Nitrate Transport in an Over-Exploited Aquifer of Rural Basin Using an Integrated System: The Case of Lake Karla Watershed

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Sidiropoulos ◽  
Georgios Tziatzios ◽  
Lampros Vasiliades ◽  
George Papaioannou ◽  
Nikitas Mylopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lake Karla

The paper proposes an integrated modeling system consisting of a surface hydrology model, a water reservoir model, a Lake-Aquifer Interaction model, aground water model, and a transport and dispersion model to study ground water quality through two different operational management scenarios. The first scenario is examining the existing condition of groundwater quality without the reservoir operation while the second scenario is assessing the impact of the reconstruction of Lake Karla in the groundwater quality. The study highlights the importance of using an integrated hydrological modeling approach to investigate the groundwater quality in a region which is characterized by extensive agricultural activity.

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