scholarly journals IOT Based Fault Detection and Protection of Power Transformer in the Smart Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif Sattar ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Saqib Fayyaz ◽  
Riffat Kalsoom ◽  
Hafiz Ashiq Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Current Voltage

This paper presents a novel Arduino-based fault detection and protection system for power transformers. Power transformers are an integral component of the power system infrastructure. Power transformers are present in such a significant number in the power architecture that any alteration in its operation effects the whole power system. The optimal operation of the transformer depends upon its operating condition; for this reason, its monitoring and protection are very important. Currently, power transformers employ differential relays to ensure optimal operation, but differential relays are unable to ascertain conditions such as overloading and intra turn faults. In this paper, Arduino was used to monitor transformer operation instead of differential relays and generate tripping or alert signals based on sensed values. Arduino autonomously sensed the current, voltage, and temperature values of the power transformer round the clock and handled any fault by comparing preset values of these parameters. In addition, the differential relay functionality of fault detection was implemented in the Arduino environment. Whenever a fault occurred, Arduino sent the fault signal to a Wi-Fi module, which was then displayed in the Blynk app. The practical implementation of this proposed system was tested, and its operation was found to be effective in fault detection.

scholarly journals Analyzing Ferroresonance Phenomena in Power Transformers Including Zinc Oxide Arrester and Neutral Resistance Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Radmanesh ◽  
Fathi Seyed Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Periodic Oscillation ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Fundamental Resonance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Nonlinear Resistance

This paper studies the effect of zinc oxide arrester (ZnO) and neutral earth resistance on controlling nonconventional oscillations of the unloaded power transformer. At first, ferroresonance overvoltage in the power system including ZnO is investigated. It is shown this nonlinear resistance can limit the ferroresonance oscillations but it cannot successfully control these phenomena. Because of the temperature dissipation of ZnO, it can withstand against overvoltage in a short period and after that ferroresonance causes ZnO failure. By applying neutral earth resistance to the system configuration, mitigating ferroresonance has been increased and chaotic overvoltage has been changed to the smoother behavior such as fundamental resonance and periodic oscillation. The simulation results show that connecting the neutral resistance exhibits a great mitigating effect on nonlinear overvoltage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Geomagnetic Induced Current on 275 kV Power Transformer for a Reliable and Sustainable Power System Operation in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9225
Author(s):  
Anis Adiba Zawawi ◽  
Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz ◽  
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir ◽  
Halimatun Hashim ◽  
Zmnako Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Power System Operation ◽  
Voltage Instability ◽  
The Impact

Geomagnetic induced current (GIC) occurs as a direct consequence of abnormal space weather which starts from the sun and may flow into a power system network through neutral grounding connections. The flow of GIC through grounded neutral power transformer has been a major concern to researchers since it can potentially affect power system equipment. Most of the previous research was focused on high and mid latitude countries only. However, it has been proven that the GIC is not only limited to high and mid latitudes, but also extends to power systems at lower geographic latitudes. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of GIC on selected 275 kV subpower system networks in Peninsular Malaysia, which is among the low latitude countries. Its impact in terms of magnitude and duration is also assessed together with the use of neutral earthing resistor (NER) as a potential blocking component to reduce the impact of GIC on the Malaysian power system network. Results demonstrated that when GIC exists in the power system, power transformers undergo half-cycle saturation that may lead to a reactive power loss and power system voltage instability. In this case, the power transformer can only withstand a maximum GIC value of 7 A, and beyond this value, if prolonged, may lead to voltage instability. It turned out that GIC magnitude had more impact compared to duration. However, long duration with high magnitude of GIC is the most hazardous to power transformers and could potentially cause major faults in the power system network. As part of mitigation, NER with a value of 315.10 Ω can be used to limit the GIC current flow and thus provide protection to the power system network. Clearly, the issue of GIC undoubtedly affects the reliability, security and sustainability of power system operation, especially networks with highly critical load and capacity and, therefore, thorough studies are required to assess and mitigate this issue.

scholarly journals Condition assessment of power transformers status based on moisture level using fuzzy logic techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vezir Rexhepi ◽  
Petar Nakov
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Technique

Power transformers are one of the most expensive components; therefore the focus on their status and its continuous operation is the primary task. In the power systems, condition assessment of performance and reliability is based on the state of components, measurements, testing and maintenance as well as their diagnosis. Hence, condition assessment of power transformer parameters is the most important regarding their status and finding incipient failures. Among many factors, the most factors that affects the safe operation and life expentancy of the transformer is the moisture in oil. It is known that the low moisture oil in power transformers causes many problems including electrical breakdown, increase the amount of partial discharge, decreases the dielectric withstand strength and other phenomena. Thus, knowledge about the moisture concentration in a power transformer is significantly important for safe operation and lifespan. In this study, moisture level in oil is estimated and its status classification is proposed by using fuzzy logic techniques for the power transformer monitoring and condition assessment. Moreover, the goal of the study is to find methods and techniques for the condition assessment of power transformers status based on the state of moisture in oil using the fuzzy logic technique. These applied techniques increase the power system reliability, help to reduce incipient failures, and give the better maintenance plan using an algorithm based on logic rules. Also, by using the fuzzy logic techniques, it is easier to prevent failures which may have consequences not only for transformers but also for the power system as a whole.

scholarly journals Optimal utilization of automated distributed generation in smart grid using genetic algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ayman Hoballah ◽  
Yasser Ahmad ◽  
Kamel A Shoush
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Test System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Power Scheduling ◽  
Automation Systems

<span>Distributed generation (DG) is an essential attributor in smart grid to fulfill the uncontrollable increase in the demand for energy. Artificial intelligent optimization techniques are widely used within automation systems for guarantee the optimal operation and utilization of DG allocation on the day-ahead power scheduling. In this paper, the genetic algorithm technique used for obtaining the optimal utilization of the automated operation of distributed generation for power losses and total cost minimization as well as user comfort maximization considering all operating constraints technique. Distributed generation represented by fuel cells to supply part of the daily demand in the power system. The target is to apply decision-making strategy of smart operation for economical and reliable operation of power system. Concentrated fuel cell units considered representing the available DG at the load centers. The methodology applied to the 11-bus test system. The simulation results have demonstrated that the GA capability for full automation of DGs in a smart manner within the power system for economic and safe operation</span>

Study on the Power Transformers Deterioration State Evaluation Index System

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 954-957
Author(s):  
Qing Xie ◽  
Shan Shan Hou ◽  
Feng Liao ◽  
Wei Tao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Power System ◽  
Index System ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Large Power ◽  
State Evaluation ◽  
Accurate Judgment

Large power transformers as the the hub of power system equipment, its operation reliability directly related to the security and stability of the power system. When we have to make a more comprehensive and accurate judgment for running health status of the power transformer,we must get the characteristics of the transformer state. In this paper, we can pick out representative indicators from the existing power transformers deterioration state elements. Thereby, we can study more systematic and targeted the deteriorated state of the power transformer. Keywords: power transformers; deterioration state ;evaluation

scholarly journals Study of approaches to incipient fault detection in power transformer by using dissolved gas analysis

Energetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta Liepniece ◽  
Sandra Vitolina ◽  
Janis Marks
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Dissolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Incipient Fault

To maintain the reliability of power transmission it is important to detect the incipient fault of power transformer as early as possible. If the fault of a power transformer is not detected promptly, it can evolve resulting in high repair costs or even failure of the power transformer and decreasing reliability of power transmission. The most commonly used method for power transformer fault detection is the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of transformer oil. Various methods have been developed to interpret the data of dissolved gas analysis, but not many are applicable for the detection of the incipient fault. The detection of the incipient fault of a power transformer is included in both IEEE C57.104-2008 “Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers” and Standard of Latvian Electrotechnical Committee LEK 118 “Transformer Oil Inspection Standards”. In both standards, the limits of dissolved gases in transformer oil are divided into levels, each corresponding to different technical conditions of the power transformer including the level that indicates the incipient fault. However, these approaches vary to a great degree – one approach mostly indicates that transformers are in good condition with several cases that must be additionally evaluated, but the second approach mostly results in warning about the incipient fault, which must be confirmed by additional evaluation. The objective of this paper is to determine the most suitable approach to detect the incipient fault of power transformers. A case study is provided, which includes analysis of DGA data of 48 power transformers installed in the transmission network in Latvia with both methodologies mentioned above for detecting the incipient fault.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF “WEAK” BY POWER TRANSFORMERS RELIABILITY OF POWER SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF FAILURE RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER EXTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniy I. Bardik ◽  
Mykola P. Bolotniy ◽  
Yaroslav S. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Failure Risk

Background. The increase of technological violation intensity and its consequences severity is caused mainly by objectively existing aging and service life depletion of electrical equipment. The power industry liberalization exacerbates the reliable operation problem of the power system and requires identification of power system operation accompanied by the maximum emergency risk with possible cascade accidents development. Therefore, the model development task for assessment of the equipment failure risk based on the diagnostic results of technical condition in particular under short circuit in the external network is relevant today. Objective. The aim of the work is to develop a fuzzy mathematical model for probability assessment of power transformer failure in the presence of a windings defect, short circuit in external network and emergency risk assessment under power transformers out of service. Methods. The fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used for developing a mathematical model of risk assessment of power trans- former failure. The problems of determining the “weak” in terms of power transformers reliability of power systems based on the results of failure risk assessment due to external short circuits were solved by methods of fuzzy logic and probabilistic-statistical simulation of electric power system modes. Results. The necessity of complex simulation of electric power system modes is substantiated for probability assessment of power transformer failure under electrical network disturbances. The simulation of technical condition of power transformer windings was carried out. The short circuit influence on operability level of power transformers of electric power system was investigated. The quantitative indicators of operational risk of electric power system were determined under power transformers out of service. Conclusions. The linguistic mathematical model for estimating the failure probability of power transformer windings in the presence of defect and short circuit in electrical network has been developed to determine the quantitative indicators of emergency risk in power system.

scholarly journals Fault detection using FRA in order to improve the aging model of power transformer

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-427
Author(s):  
Sasa Milic ◽  
Denis Ilic ◽  
Milan Ponjavic
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Frequency Response Analysis ◽  
Aging Model ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
The Impact

Power transformers are constantly exposed to mechanical, thermal and electrical stresses during operation. In this paper, the authors propose an improved aging model of power transformers by adding the impact of mechanical deteriorations. In the current practice, the mechanical deformation and dislocation of the windings and core are not sufficiently distinguished as components that influence the aging of the transformer. Hence, the current aging model was expanded with a functional block that contains several typical failures in order to emphasize their impact on the lifetime of transformers and their aging as well. The authors used the Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) method for the fault detection and location of the mechanical deformations of its active parts. The correlation function is used to determine the level of the detected failure. All presented test results are obtained in real exploitation conditions.

Research on State Intelligent Maintenance Based on Sonic Information of Power Transformers

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 1250-1255
Author(s):  
Xuan Hu He ◽  
Ming Chao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
New Method ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Intelligent Maintenance ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Transformer Fault

The advantages and disadvantages of various power transformer fault detection methods are analyzed. According to the different sonic information of power transformers under different operation conditions, a new method for the power transformer fault detection based on sonic information is introduced. The overall structure of this method and the principle of intelligent maintenance are described. Preliminary operations proved that the method is feasible.

A Solid-State On-Load Tap Changer for the Power Transformers of 10—0.4 kV Distribution Networks

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Dmitriy I. Panfilov ◽  
◽  
Mikhail G. Astashev ◽  
Aleksandr V. Gorchakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Tap Changer ◽  
Load Tap Changer

The specific features relating to voltage control of power transformers at distribution network transformer substations are considered. An approach to implementing high-speed on-load voltage control of serially produced 10/0.4 kV power transformers by using a solid-state on-load tap changer (SOLTC) is presented. An example of the SOLTC circuit solution on the basis of thyristor switches is given. On-load voltage control algorithms for power transformers equipped with SOLTC that ensure high reliability and high-speed operation are proposed. The SOLTC performance and the operability of the suggested voltage control algorithms were studied by simulation in the Matlab/Simulink environment and by experiments on the SOLTC physical model. The structure and peculiarities of the used simulation Matlab model are described. The SOLTC physical model design and its parameters are presented. The results obtained from the simulating the SOLTC operation on the Matlab model and from the experiments on the SOLTS physical model jointly with a power transformer under different loads and with using different control algorithms are given. An analysis of the experimental study results has shown the soundness of the adopted technical solutions. It has been demonstrated that the use of an SOLTC ensures high-speed voltage control, high efficiency and reliability of its operation, and arcless switching of the power transformer regulating taps without load voltage and current interruption. By using the SOLTC operation algorithms it is possible to perform individual phase voltage regulation in a three-phase 0.4 kV distribution network. The possibility of integrating SOLTC control and diagnostic facilities into the structure of modern digital substations based on the digital interface according to the IEC 61850 standard is noted.

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