scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Green Asphalt Mixtures: A Review

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reza Pouranian ◽  
Mehdi Shishehbor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

During recent decade, the pavement sustainability has received much attention by road agencies, companies, governments and research institutes. The aim of this paper is to introduce and evaluate the sustainability of the technologies developed or underdeveloped to address environmental issues of asphalt mixtures, and the waste materials and by-products that can be recycled and reused in asphalt production. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology, the most popular waste materials to substitute neat binder (crumb rubber modifier (CRM), recycled plastic (RP), vacuum tower bottoms (VTB)) and/or virgin aggregates (reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAs), construction and demolition (C and D) wastes, steel and copper slags), and bio-binders were evaluated with respect to their environmental and economic benefits and engineering performance as the main components of pavement sustainability. The performance evaluation was carried out by examining rutting, moisture susceptibility, thermal and fatigue cracking resistance. Two main environmental impacts, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and energy consumption were considered to study the environmental effects of these technologies and materials. Additionally, the economic effect was investigated considering initial cost and long-term benefit. Results of investigation illustrated that although each individual technology and waste material is valuable in terms of performance and/or the environment, specific combinations such as WMA + RAP, WMA + CRM, RAP + CRM, and WMA + CRM + RAP lead to further benefits. Notably, these combinations suffer from a lack of comprehensive economic analysis, thus, their sustainability cannot be fully assessed and is prone to future studies.

Laboratory investigation of engineering properties of rubberized asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feipeng Xiao ◽  
Serji Amirkhanian ◽  
Bradley Putman ◽  
Junan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rubberized Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Environmentally Sound

An improved understanding of the rheological and engineering properties of a rubberized asphalt concrete (RAC) pavement that contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is important to stimulating the use of these recycled and by-product materials in asphalt mixtures. The uses of RAP and rubberized asphalt in the past have proven to be economical, environmentally sound, and effective in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures across the US and the world. The objective of this research was to investigate the binder and mixture performance characteristics of these modified asphalt mixtures through a series of laboratory tests to evaluate properties such as the fatigue factor G*sinδ, rutting resistance, resilient modulus, and fatigue life. The results of the experiments indicated that the use of RAP and crumb rubber in HMA can effectively improve the engineering properties of these mixes.

A Review of the Utilisation of Recycled Waste Material as an Alternative Modifier in Asphalt Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Abdalrhman Abrahim Milad ◽  
Ahmed Suliman B. Ali ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
The Road

The possibility of using waste materials in road construction is of great interest as their utilisation may contribute to reducing the problems of hazard and pollution and conserve natural resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a sustainable method for using waste materials as a substitute in the standard asphalt binders. There are several concerns about the physical and chemical properties and mechanical performance of asphalt pavements incorporated with waste material in the effort to reduce permanent deformation of the road surface. This review article presents a brief discussion of the asphalt mixtures modified with waste material, and the recycled materials used as a modifier in the asphalt mixture. The present paper summarises the use of crumb rubber, crushed concrete, steel slag, glass fibre and plastic waste in asphalt mixtures. The use of waste materials as a modifier in asphalt mixture resulted in improved asphalt pavement performance. Results advocate that rubberised asphalt mixture with desired properties can be designed as an additive with a friendly environmental approach in construction materials. The researches that adopted the influence of usage, recycle waste material to improve the performance of the asphalt of the road are still limited compared to other construction fields. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-05 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals The Effect of Aging on the Cracking Resistance of Recycled Asphalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mohammadafzali ◽  
Hesham Ali ◽  
James A. Musselman ◽  
Gregory A. Sholar ◽  
Aidin Massahi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Important Concern

Fatigue cracking is an important concern when a high percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used in an asphalt mixture. The aging of the asphalt binder reduces its ductility and makes the pavement more susceptible to cracking. Rejuvenators are often added to high-RAP mixtures to enhance their performance. The aging of a rejuvenated binder is different from virgin asphalt. Therefore, the effect of aging on a recycled asphalt mixture can be different from its effect on a new one. This study evaluated the cracking resistance of 100% recycled asphalt binders and mixtures and investigated the effect of aging on this performance parameter. The cracking resistance of the binder samples was tested by a Bending Beam Rheometer. An accelerated pavement weathering system was used to age the asphalt mixtures and their cracking resistance was evaluated by the Texas Overlay Test. The results from binder and mixture tests mutually indicated that rejuvenated asphalt has a significantly better cracking resistance than virgin asphalt. Rejuvenated mixtures generally aged more rapidly, and the rate of aging was different for different rejuvenators.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE USE OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT FOR ROAD PAVING APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalrhman Milad ◽  
Aizat Mohd Taib ◽  
Abobaker G. F Ahmeda ◽  
Mohmed Solla ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
The Cost

One of the most frequently used waste materials is reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The use of RAP can help reduce the cost of a project and ensure that the project is eco-friendly. Therefore, the aim of this study is to give a detailed description of the production of RAP to ensure that the rehabilitation and maintenance of pavements as well as the construction of pavements are environmentally friendly and cost effective. Previous works have shown the benefits of using RAP with regard to its ability to produce equally good or even superior results compared to the use of virgin or original mixes if they are properly produced and applied. Among the benefits of RAP mixes are good moisture resistance and higher density. This review also demonstrate the critical importance of using RAP in asphalt mixtures.

Investigating the Performances of Plant-Produced High-Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content Warm Mix Asphalts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Kevin Stuart ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Ahmed A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Monitoring

Laboratory-based studies have been conducted considering the incorporation of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies in paving mixtures both excluding and including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, little research has been conducted to date that further advances the knowledge of WMA technologies in combination with high RAP contents beyond experiments using laboratory fabricated mixtures. The objective of this study was to expand on the existing laboratory research by investigating the moisture susceptibility, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking performances of plant-produced mixtures incorporating various WMA technologies and RAP contents. Nine 12.5-mm superpave mixtures were produced in two drum plants using three WMA technologies and three RAP contents. The three WMA technologies used were wax-based SonneWarmix™, chemical-based Evotherm®, and the Stansteel ACCU-SHEAR™ foaming process. Post production moisture in each mixture was negligible, which means that moisture had no effect on the laboratory mixture performance. The quality of blending analyses showed that the majority of the mixtures had poor blending, which would indicate that there should be performance issues with many of these mixtures. However, the quality of blending had no apparent effect on the laboratory mixture performance. It did not explain any poor performance or any difference in performance. Overall, some WMA with RAP contents up to approximately 50% RAP provided an acceptable laboratory performance. Fatigue cracking was the primary failure mode. Field trials or full-scale pavement accelerated tests with rigorous pavement monitoring are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

The fatigue behavior of polymeric sulfur-modified asphalt mixtures subjected to freeze-thaw conditioning

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571988998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Kavussi ◽  
Mehdi Azarnia ◽  
Pooyan Ayar ◽  
Makan Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Moisture Sensitivity ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Brittle Behavior

Abundance, affordability, and also the usability of sulfur as a part of the binder are the main reasons for using this additive in asphalt mixtures. However, lack of proper adhesion and brittle behavior of sulfur-modified asphalt mixtures could make them susceptible to moisture damage and fatigue cracking. In this regard, anti-stripping agents and some polymers like crumb rubber may be used to overcome these types of distresses. This research aimed at investigating the effects of polymeric sulfur and crumb rubber on the moisture sensitivity and fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures. To this end, asphalt mixtures were subjected to 1 and 3 freeze-thaw cycles. Then, an indirect tensile fatigue test was carried out. Moreover, the response surface method (RSM) was used to assess the interaction between various parameters in samples containing polymeric sulfur and crumb rubber. Results showed that with an increase in polymeric sulfur content, the fatigue life was reduced and the moisture sensitivity was increased. Additionally, the RSM was found to be effective in ranking parameters influencing the performance of asphalt mixtures. According to the experimental results, a crumb rubber-modified binder could improve the fatigue life of the polymeric sulfur-modified mixture up to 70%. Furthermore, experimental results and RSM analysis indicated that crumb rubber would be more effective in higher numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and raised temperatures, in which polymeric sulfur-modified asphalt mixtures are probably prone to moisture damages (i.e. the lack of adequate cohesion and adhesion).

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance Characterization of Lignin-Modified Asphalt Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3324
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xuancang Wang ◽  
Guanyu Ji ◽  
Zhenyang Fan ◽  
Yuchen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wheel Loading

Lignin, as a bio-based waste, has been utilized in the asphalt industry due to various advantages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two lignin products (lignin powder and lignin fiber) on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. The raveling, rutting, thermal and fatigue cracking resistance, and moisture susceptibility of different asphalt mixtures were respectively evaluated by the Cantabro test, wheel loading tracking test, semicircular bending test, four-point beam bending test, and freezing-thaw cyclic test. Results show that asphalt mixture with lignin powder-modified asphalt improved the overall mechanical performance. However, lignin fiber showed contradictory effects on certain mechanical properties, i.e., improved rutting resistance and thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixture, degraded abrasion resistance, fatigue performance, and moisture stability. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when incorporating lignin fiber into asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals Performance of High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphaltic Mix with Crumb Rubber Modifier and Waste Engine Oil as Rejuvenator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5226
Author(s):  
Md Zahid Hossain Khan ◽  
Suhana Koting ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Mohammed Babalghaith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Waste Engine Oil

The utilisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a suitable substitute for natural aggregate and binder offers an energy-saving and cost-effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt mix. Realising the potential use of RAP as a promising recycling technique, many countries are seeking to recycle RAP as part of the global effort to address the rising challenge of climate change and contribute to a sustainable environment. This study aimed to develop an integrated approach to determine the amount of RAP to be used in an asphaltic concrete wearing course with 14 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (ACW14). The RAP was incorporated with two waste materials comprising waste engine oil (WEO) as a rejuvenator and Crumb Rubber (CRM) as a binder modifier. A total of five different mixes, which include R0 (control mix), R30, R50, R70, and R100 (replacement of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of RAP aggregates in the mix, respectively) were evaluated. The Marshall parameters, resilient modulus (MR), indirect tensile fatigue, moisture susceptibility, and mass loss (ML) tests were conducted to investigate the performance of each mix. Finally, an arbitrary scale was developed to optimise the RAP content. The results showed that the Marshall parameters, moisture susceptibility, and ML values of the RAP mixes met the criteria outlined in the standard. According to the MR performance, the R50, R70, and R100 mixes were more resilient than the R0. In terms of fatigue resistance, the R30, R50, and R70 mixes showed better performance than the R0. Overall, the collective performance of all RAP mixes was above the R0 and it increased with the increment of RAP content. Therefore, it was possible to design ACW14 mixes with up to 100% RAP in combination with WEO and CRM.

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