scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of CHP Systems in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Derall M. Riley ◽  
Jiashen Tian ◽  
Gamze Güngör-Demirci ◽  
Patrick Phelan ◽  
J. Rene Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Chp System

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) utilization of combined heat and power (CHP) systems allows for the efficient use of on-site biogas production, as well as increased annual savings in utility costs. In this paper, a review of biogas energy recovery options, CHP prime mover technologies, and the costs associated with biogas cleaning give a broad summary of the current state of CHP technology in WWTPs. Even though there are six different prime mover technologies, the main ones currently being implemented in WWTPs are micro turbines, fuel cells and reciprocating engines. Different prime movers offer varying efficiencies, installation costs, and biogas impurity (H2S, siloxanes, HCl) tolerances. To evaluate the long-term savings capabilities, a techno-economic assessment of a CHP installation at a case study WWTP shows the payback, annual savings, and initial costs associated with the installation of a CHP system. In this case, a study a payback of 5.7 years and a net present value of USD 709,000 can be achieved when the WWTP generates over 2,000,000 m3 of biogas per year and utilizes over 36,000 GJ of natural gas per year.

scholarly journals MBR-Assisted VFAs Production from Excess Sewage Sludge and Food Waste Slurry for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Parchami ◽  
Steven Wainaina ◽  
Amir Mahboubi ◽  
David I’Ons ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Solids Concentration

The significant amount of excess sewage sludge (ESS) generated on a daily basis by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is mainly subjected to biogas production, as for other organic waste streams such as food waste slurry (FWS). However, these organic wastes can be further valorized by production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that have various applications such as the application as an external carbon source for the denitrification stage at a WWTP. In this study, an immersed membrane bioreactor set-up was proposed for the stable production and in situ recovery of clarified VFAs from ESS and FWS. The VFAs yields from ESS and FWS reached 0.38 and 0.34 gVFA/gVSadded, respectively, during a three-month operation period without pH control. The average flux during the stable VFAs production phase with the ESS was 5.53 L/m2/h while 16.18 L/m2/h was attained with FWS. Moreover, minimal flux deterioration was observed even during operation at maximum suspended solids concentration of 32 g/L, implying that the membrane bioreactors could potentially guarantee the required volumetric productivities. In addition, the techno-economic assessment of retrofitting the membrane-assisted VFAs production process in an actual WWTP estimated savings of up to 140 €/h for replacing 300 kg/h of methanol with VFAs.

Benefits and drawbacks of thermal pre-hydrolysis for operational performance of wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Phothilangka ◽  
M. A. Schoen ◽  
B. Wett
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Ammonia Release ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Solids Content

This paper presents benefits and potential drawbacks of thermal pre-hydrolysis of sewage sludge from an operator's prospective. The innovative continuous Thermo-Pressure-Hydrolysis Process (TDH) has been tested in full-scale at Zirl wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Austria, and its influence on sludge digestion and dewatering has been evaluated. A mathematical plant-wide model with application of the IWA Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) and the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) has been used for a systematic comparison of both scenarios—operational plant performance with and without thermal pre-hydrolysis. The impacts of TDH pre-hydrolysis on biogas potential, dewatering performance and return load in terms of ammonia and inert organic compounds (Si) have been simulated by the calibrated model and are displayed by Sankey mass flow figures. Implementation of full scale TDH process provided higher anaerobic degradation efficiency with subsequent increased biogas production (+75–80%) from waste activated sludge (WAS). Both effects—enhanced degradation of organic matter and improved cake's solids content from 25.2 to 32.7% TSS—promise a reduction in sludge disposal costs of about 25%. However, increased ammonia release and generation of soluble inerts Si was observed when TDH process was introduced.

scholarly journals Estudio de pre‐factibilidad y diseño de un sistema de captación y transporte de biogás para generación eléctrica en lagunas de estabilización de San José‐Lambayeque

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Juan D. Palacios M. ◽  
José F. Rachi M. ◽  
Oscar E. Delgado D.
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Current State ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Biogas Recovery ◽  
Development Mechanism

Con el objetivo de poder reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) producidas por las lagunas anaerobias de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del distrito de San José en Lambayeque y conseguir una fuente de energía renovable que pueda hacer autosustentable a la planta se realizó el Estudio de pre‐factibilidad y diseño de un sistema de captación y transporte de biogás para la generación eléctrica; inicialmente se observaron y recopilaron datos del estado actual del sistema y las condiciones de la planta, posteriormente mediante el análisis de datos obtenidos y aplicación de lineamientos del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para proyectos de Mecanismos de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) se buscó estimar las cantidades de GEI emitidas al medio ambiente, siendo estas de 33885,04535 tCO2e/año; se procedió a realizar propuestas de solución al problema; siendo un sistema de cubierta la propuesta considerada más adecuada, después se procedió a estimar la reducción de emisiones con el Proyecto obteniendo 27620,36 tC02/año y el potencial de generación anual. Una vez estimado lo anterior se procedió a la realización del diseño preliminar de la planta de biogás y finalmente se culminó con la evaluación económica para dando un Valor Actual Neto (VAR) y una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) que confirmó la pre‐factibilidad del proyecto. Palabras clave.- Captación y transporte de biogás, tratamiento de aguas residuales, pre‐factibilidad, mecanismos de desarrollo limpio. ABSTRACT The pre‐feasibility study and design of a biogas recovery and transport system for power generation was carried out. The purpose of this study was twofold: to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by the anaerobic lagoons of the San José (Lambayeque) wastewater treatment plant; and to obtain a renewable energy source that could make the plant self‐sustaining. Initially, information on the current state of the system and on the plant operating conditions was collected. Then, after analyzing the data obtained and applying the guidelines of the Inter‐American Development Bank (IDB) for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, the amounts of GHG emitted in the environment was estimated to 33,885 t CO2e / year. Solutions to the problem were then proposed and, among them, a cover system was considered as the most appropriate. This allowed an estimation of the annual generation potential with the project and the reduction of emissions to 27,620.36 tC02 / year. With the above estimates, a preliminary design of the biogas plant was carried out. Finally, an economic evaluation was completed, giving a Net Present Value (NPV) and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that confirmed the pre‐feasibility of the project. Keywords.- biogas recovery and transport, wastewater treatment, pre‐feasibility, clean development mechanism.

scholarly journals Bioelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methane: MES Integration in Biogas Production Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Nelabhotla ◽  
Carlos Dinamarca
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely used technique to treat organic waste and produce biogas. This article presents a practical approach to increase biogas yield of an AD system using a microbial electrosynthesis system (MES). The biocathode in MES reduces carbon dioxide with the supplied electrons and protons (H+) to form methane. We demonstrate that the MES is able to produce biogas with over 90% methane when fed with reject water obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant. The optimised cathode potential was observed in the range of −0.70 V to −0.60 V and optimised feed pH was around 7.0. With autoclaved feed, these conditions allowed methane yields of about 9.05 mmol/L(reactor)-day. A control experiment was then carried out to make a comparison between open circuit and MES methanogenesis. The highest methane yield of about 22.1 mmol/L(reactor)-day was obtained during MES operation that performed 10–15% better than the open circuit mode of operation. We suggest and describe an integrated AD-MES system, by installing MES in the reject water loop, as a novel approach to improve the efficiency and productivity of existing waste/wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Microalgae cultivation for wastewater treatment and biogas production at Moscow wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shchegolkova ◽  
K. Shurshin ◽  
S. Pogosyan ◽  
E. Voronova ◽  
D. Matorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content ◽  
Clarified Water

Abstract The process of cultivation of microalgae on purified and clarified wastewater of Kuryanovo wastewater treatment plants (KWWTP) was studied. The studies were conducted on monoculture (Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella sorokiniana) and on polyculture, the composition of which was formed from microalgae present in the wastewater. The authors created and investigated the columnar photobioreactor (PBR), which acted as a pilot project on the purified and clarified water of KWWTP and allowed the removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus phosphates with an efficiency of up to 90%. The formation of a stable biocenosis from 22 species of algae (with 3–4 dominant species) and 31 species of zooplankton organisms belonging to six systematic subdivisions was recorded. The optimal retention time of the microalgae polyculture for the most effective wastewater treatment has been determined. The conducted studies have shown that the depth of decomposition of ashless matter and the ultimate biogas potential of untreated microalgae biomass is 15% lower than the corresponding values obtained with digestion of activated sludge, which necessitates studies in the field of pretreatment of algal biomass. The paper shows: connections between chlorophyll-a content, algal biomass and fluorescence index F0 and between biomass increment and Fv/Fm value.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Planning Replicable Small Flow Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Developing Nations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaber ◽  
M. Antill ◽  
W. Kimball ◽  
R. Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Choice

The implementation of urban village wastewater treatment plants in developing countries has historically been primarily a function of appropriate technology choice and deciding which of the many needy communities should receive the available funding and priority attention. Usually this process is driven by an outside funding agency who views the planning, design, and construction steps as relatively insignificant milestones in the overall effort required to quickly better a community's sanitary drainage problems. With the exception of very small scale type sanitation projects which have relatively simple replication steps, the development emphasis tends to be on the final treatment plant product with little or no attention specifically focused on community participation and institutionalizing national and local policies and procedures needed for future locally sponsored facilities replication. In contrast to this, the Government of Egypt (GOE) enacted a fresh approach through a Local Development Program with the United States AID program. An overview is presented of the guiding principals of the program which produced the first 24 working wastewater systems including gravity sewers, sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants which were designed and constructed by local entities in Egypt. The wastewater projects cover five different treatment technologies implemented in both delta and desert regions.

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