scholarly journals Polystyrene Nanoplastic Behavior and Toxicity on Crustacean Daphnia magna: Media Composition, Size, and Surface Charge Effects

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Alexis Pochelon ◽  
Serge Stoll ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Media

Concerns about the possible ecotoxicological implications of nano-sized plastic materials in the freshwater environment are growing with the increasing use of plastic materials. The present study focuses on the behavior and effects of amidine-functionalized polystyrene (NPLs) of 20, 40, 60, and 100-nm-size in freshwaters and different synthetic media. Daphnia magna was exposed to increasing concentrations from 0.5 to 30 mg/L (and from 0.5 to 100 mg/L for 100-nm-sized NPLs). The results revealed no significant aggregation in ultra-pure water, culture media, and synthetic water. In the presence of natural organic matter, NPLs of 20 and 40 nm displayed better stability in both freshwater and synthetic media, whereas a significant aggregation of 60 and 100 nm PS NPLs was found. All the studied PS NPLs with size between 20 and 100 nm exhibited acute toxicity to D. magna. The observed 48-h immobilization strongly depended on the primary size of PS NPLs, with 20 and 40-nm-size PS NPLs inducing a stronger effect in both freshwaters and synthetic media. Water quality variables such as pH, cation and anion composition, and DOC were of secondary importance. The results of the present study confirmed the toxicity of NPLs of different sizes to crustaceans in natural freshwater and synthetic media and demonstrated the importance of the primary size of NPLs in the behavior and effects of NPLs.

scholarly journals In vitro answer of Bulgarian pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Velichka Rodeva ◽  
Stanislava Grozeva ◽  
Velichka Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level

Callusogenesis and regeneration ability of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from three Bulgarian pepper varieties in MS basal medium supplemented with l-3mg/l BAP. l.0mg/1 IAA and 0.5mg/l GA3 was studied. In the different variants of culture medium was registered high level of callusogenesis and organogenesis in both type of explants from the all varieties. The highest percentage of plant-regenerants is established in cotyledon explants (from 3.3 to 18.3) in variant 3 of the culture medium containing 3mg/l BA. In the process of micropropagation by stem explants of the same studied pepper varieties the addition of the vitamins C. B12. Casein hydrolysate and Ferulic acid had a stimulation effect on the plant growth in height and rooting. In result of anther cultivation from three pepper varieties and four breeding lines the highest percentage of embryo structure formation was registered in varieties Albena and Strjama (12.0 and 13.8 respectively). The Bulgarian peppers are recalcitrant and their in vitro answer is different depending from the explants type, genotype and the culture media composition.

Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Ultrafiltration: Characterisation, Fouling and Cleaning

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maartens ◽  
P. Swart ◽  
E. P. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Organic matter in natural brown water as well as humic acids from a commercial sample were characterised by ultraviolet-visible light-spectroscopy and used in ultrafiltration studies. During ultrafiltration the pure-water flux and the operational flux were measured continuously to determine the degree of membrane fouling. The natural organic matter and commercial humic acid concentrations of the feed and permeate solutions were determined spectrophotometrically. These variables were used in conjunction with conventional flux measurements, to determine the colour-removal efficiency of ultrafiltration as well as the degree of foulant adsorption onto the membranes. Fouled membranes were cleaned with alkaline chemical agents normally used to extract natural organic matter from soil samples. The cleaning efficiency and the effect of cleaning solutions on the membrane selectivity were studied.

Developments in in vitro technologies for swine embryo production

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Wheeler ◽  
Sherrie G. Clark ◽  
David J. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Blastocyst Rate ◽  
Vitro Production

Several modifications have been made to in vitro production (IVP) systems to allow more efficient production of viable porcine embryos. Although in vitro production of pig embryos has been studied for over 30 years, the overall blastocyst production rate remains low. The low blastocyst rate is due to several factors, including polyspermic oocyte penetration, low rate of male pronucleus formation and less than optimal in vitro culture systems. These conditions are all inherent problems in porcine IVP and many of the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Considerable research has examined culture medium and the techniques used during the various stages of in vitro production. However, changes to the physical culture system used during IVF have remained unchanged until recently. The present paper will summarise selected developments in fertilisation and embryo culture media composition and focus on the development of modified equipment to improve the conditions used during the IVP of porcine oocytes and embryos.

CONIDIUM PRODUCTION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS IN SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Synthetic Media

Two isolates, 365-4 and 1096, and the five races of Venturia inaequalis were used to investigate the effects of various factors on conidium production on filter paper cylinders standing in liquid synthetic media. The isolates and races varied significantly in conidium production and there was a large variation among tests done on different days. Varying the concentration of conidia used as inoculum and the age of cultures from which the inoculum was derived did not affect conidium production. Making single conidium transfers every 6 mo did not consistently enhance conidium formation in all isolates and races. Conidium yields were optimum between 16 and 19 days at a temperature of 16 C. The concentrations of glucose, nitrogen, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 required for optimum conidium production were not critical.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MACAM EKSTRAK BAHAN ORGANIK DAN ZPT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PLANLET ANGGREK HASIL PERSILANGAN PADA MEDIA KULTUR

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Two Factors

<p>This research aimed to study the effect of kinds of culture media composition added with organic matter (soya bean extract, corn extract and fish emulsion) and PGR concentration to the growth of each cross breed orchid explants. Research was conducted in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta from March 2009 until the end. This research was done in Randomized Completely Design with two factors of treatment and four replications. The first factor was media and organic matter, consist of 3 levels: soya bean extract, corn extract and fish emulsion. The second factor was atonik concentration, consist of 3 levels: 0 cc/l, 0.5 cc/l and 1 cc/l. The research concluded that for the explants of crossing (Phalaeonopsis pinlong cinderela ♀ &gt;&lt; Phalaeonopsis joanekileup June” ♂) two treatment of corn extract affected significantly to the root emergence time (21.33 ) and member of root (1,92 day after planting) The treatment of fish emulsion affected significantly to the root length (2,82 cm), number of root (1,92) and produced the longest leaf. The treatment of Atonik increased the number of leaf and root.</p>

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