scholarly journals Cost-Saving through Pre-Cooling: A Case Study of Sydney

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Shayan Naderi ◽  
Simon Heslop ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Iain MacGill ◽  
Gloria Pignatta
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Medium Weight

Air conditioning is responsible for a considerable proportion of households’ electricity bills. During summer afternoons when households usually run their air conditioners, the retail time-of-use electricity tariffs are highest, and there is a peak demand in the electricity network. Pre-cooling is a method to shift air conditioning demand from peak hours to hours with lower demand and cheaper electricity tariffs. In this research, the pre-cooling potential of nine different types of residential housing in Sydney constructed with different star ratings and construction weights is evaluated. Star rating is the method to represent the annual heating and cooling requirements of buildings in Australia. Results highlight that pre-cooling produces cost saving for most of the days in 6-star and 8-star buildings. For 2-star buildings, pre-cooling sometimes leads to higher electricity costs. Moreover, pre-cooling improves thermal comfort, especially in 2-star light and medium weight buildings.

scholarly journals Validation of An Instrument to Know the Use of Smart Devices in Air Conditioners and Their Improvement in Energy Efficiency: Case Study in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Jorge Israel Anchundia-Santana ◽  
Julieta Evangelina Sánchez-Cano ◽  
Washington Garcia-Quilachamin ◽  
Evelyn Isabel Santana-Mantuano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The constant growth of the world’s population has generated various changes in the use of the diversity of the resources provided to us by the planet. Considering that by properly managing energy in air conditioning systems correctly, it collaborates in the fight against climate change, reducing the excessive use of fossil fuels and, therefore, the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, creating an environment of comfort in industrial sectors, businesses, companies, homes, among others. The objective of this research is to validate the instrument considering the information obtained about smart devices applied in air conditioning systems and their improvement in energy efficiency. The methodology applied consisted of a field study conducted through an online survey that was directed at 226 students and professionals from three provinces of the Republic of Ecuador. To validate the data obtained in the instrument, the exploratory factor analysis was performed also of the principal components in the last phase it was obtained in factor transformation matrix (0.986), which demonstrates the validity of the study. To apply the KMO test and Bartlett’s sphericity, the following ranges (≥0.6) y (<0.05) were considered respectively.

Development of Heating and Cooling Local Air Conditioning System for Houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
Zohrab Melikyan ◽  
Naira Egnatosyan ◽  
Siranush Egnatosyan
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Centralized air conditioning systems are widely used in buildings at present. In these conditioners, the outside air gets required temperature, humidity, purity, and other features, necessary for creating comfort microclimate in inside areas of houses, and by the help of fans and air ducts the processed air moves to all rooms of a building. As a result, the creation and maintenance of comfort conditions in buildings become complicated and expensive activity. From this point of view, it is becoming more expedient to install local air conditioners in each room instead of single central one for the whole building. For this reason new local air conditioner is developed.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Automata as Coalgebras

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Ai Liu ◽  
Shun Wang ◽  
Luis Soares Barbosa ◽  
Meng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Process Algebra ◽  
Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Fuzzy Language ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Component Based Software Engineering ◽  
Fuzzy Automata

The coalgebraic method is of great significance to research in process algebra, modal logic, object-oriented design and component-based software engineering. In recent years, fuzzy control has been widely used in many fields, such as handwriting recognition and the control of robots or air conditioners. It is then an interesting topic to analyze the behavior of fuzzy automata from a coalgebraic point of view. This paper models different types of fuzzy automata as coalgebras with a monad structure capturing fuzzy behavior. Based on the coalgebraic models, we can define a notion of fuzzy language and consider several versions of bisimulation for fuzzy automata. A group of combinators is defined to compose fuzzy automata of two branches: state transition and output function. A case study illustrates the coalgebraic models proposed and their composition.

scholarly journals Thermal Zones Modelling for an Energy Efficient Commercial Building – Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Elena Camelia Tamaş (Papuc) ◽  
Dragoş Hera ◽  
Gianni Flamaropol ◽  
Graţiela Maria Ţârlea
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Building Geometry ◽  
Lighting Systems

Our paper is referring to a commercial building having a good thermal insulation, compacted shape with three basements, from which two are for parking and technical areas in the underground, and the other floors are mainly for retail, technical rooms, offices and a terrace for walking and events. The methodology used in our building thermal zones modelling analysis is including: all used measured areas within the building; all materials related to the building envelope with high thermal efficiency values; all activities performed within the respective areas; the heating and cooling activities for each zone; the lighting and controls used for each zone; the building geometry related to the data requirements, loads, air conditioning and lighting systems areas; the building usage schedules; Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and electrical system specifications along the weather data. The building thermal zones modelling simulation was performed based on the air set point temperature, ventilation fresh air rate and the room destination. After monitoring the building along four operational years, the energy consumptions for heating and cooling systems were obtained for each thermal zone and for the entire building. Some technical measures to improve the building energy performances are proposed based on the monitoring period.

scholarly journals A Wind Electric-Driven Combined Heating, Cooling, and Electricity System for an Office Building in Two Italian Cities

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Maurizio Sasso ◽  
Francesco Tariello
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Electric air-conditioning systems driven by electricity from a wind turbine can be defined as wind electric and cooling systems according to the definition of solar-activated air-conditioners. They can potentially contribute to reduce primary energy demand and CO2 emission in the civil sector. In this paper, mini wind turbines are considered coupled with a ground source heat pump in order to serve an office building for air-conditioning and supply the electricity surplus for the pure electric load of the user. Different plant configurations are considered. First of all, assessments with two kinds of wind turbines (5–5.5 kW), vertical and horizontal axis, are performed, also considering the coupling with one and two identical wind generators. Secondly, to better use on-site electricity, a parametric study is proposed taking into account different battery storage system sizes (3.2–9.6 kWh). Finally, the plant is simulated in two locations: Naples and Cagliari. Simulation results demonstrate that the source availability mainly affects the system performance. In Cagliari, the primary energy reduction per kWh of final energy demand (for pure electric load, space heating, and cooling) is equal to 1.24, 54.8% more than in Naples. In addition, the storage system limits the interaction with the power grid, lowering the exported electricity from about 50% to about 27% for Naples and from 63% to 50% for Cagliari. The fraction of the load met by renewable energy accounts for up to 25% for Naples and 48% for Cagliari.

Participatory Mapping in Browns Canyon National Monument, Colorado (USA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
John Harner ◽  
Lee Cerveny ◽  
Rebecca Gronewold
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Bureau Of Land Management ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

Natural resource managers need up-to-date information about how people interact with public lands and the meanings these places hold for use in planning and decision-making. This case study explains the use of public participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate and analyze spatial patterns of the uses and values people hold for the Browns Canyon National Monument in Colorado. Participants drew on maps and answered questions at both live community meetings and online sessions to develop a series of maps showing detailed responses to different types of resource uses and landscape values. Results can be disaggregated by interaction types, different meaningful values, respondent characteristics, seasonality, or frequency of visit. The study was a test for the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, who jointly manage the monument as they prepare their land management plan. If the information generated is as helpful throughout the entire planning process as initial responses seem, this protocol could become a component of the Bureau’s planning tool kit.

Energy Consumption Pattern of Residential Buildings: Case Study of Residential Area in Batu Pahat, Johor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaidah Jailani ◽  
◽  
Norsyalifa Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Omar ◽  
Hauashdh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

According to the National Energy Balance report released by the Energy Commission of Malaysia in 2016, the residential sector uses 21.6% of the total energy in Malaysia. Residents waste energy through inefficient energy consumption and a lack of awareness. Building occupants are considered the main factor that influences energy consumption in buildings, and to change energy consumption on an overall scale, it is crucial to change individual behaviour. Therefore, this study focused on analysing the energy consumption pattern and the behaviour of consumers towards energy consumption in their homes in the residential area of Batu Pahat, Johor. A self-administrated questionnaire approach was employed in this study. The findings of this study showed that the excessive use of air conditioners was a significant factor in the increasing electricity bills of homeowners as well as the inefficient use of electrical appliances. Also, this study determined the effect of awareness on consumer behaviour. This study recommends ways to help minimise energy consumption in the residential area.

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