scholarly journals Local Participation in Forest Watershed Management: Design and Analysis of Experiences in Water Supply Micro-Basins with Forest Plantations in South Central Chile

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Vargas ◽  
Noelia Carrasco ◽  
Camila Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
South Central ◽  
Forest Watershed ◽  
First Case ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Collective Creation

The joint “International Forests and Water Conference 2018” highlighted among its main conclusions the need to involve the viewpoint and participation of local communities in the management and monitoring of forest watersheds. This topic constitutes a strategic and transverse challenge for the sciences and public policies in the current context of global climate change. As a contribution to this challenge, the aim of this research was to qualitatively describe and analyze a territorial intervention model based on two case studies. Both involve stakeholders from the public sector, forest companies, and rural communities within the framework of implementing a participatory process at a local scale. The first case study was based on the collective creation of a set of indicators for local water monitoring. The second case, through the incorporation of the social and local dimension, culminated in the collective creation of a forest watershed management guide. The research hypothesis was that the inclusion of stakeholders and local knowledge in forest watershed management is essential to create and/or strengthen local abilities that ensure the involvement of communities in water governance, surpassing the current informative and consultative approaches. The research methodology was qualitative, and the data collection strategies were focused on the compilation of the process, the participatory work, and gathering diverse local knowledge. The data analysis included content tabulation, including both local indicators and ones extracted from the guide. In both cases, the systematization process and the main empirical findings were included. Among the findings, it was observed that both the pilot of local indicators and the design of the forest watershed management guide confirmed that the main challenge of local participation is the effective inclusion of local knowledge in water governance. This ethical and methodological challenge must be approached more rigorously and with more commitment.

scholarly journals Allometric equations for estimating tree biomass in restored mixed-species Atlantic Forest stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Rodrigues Nogueira Júnior ◽  
Vera Lex Engel ◽  
John A. Parrotta ◽  
Antonio Carlos Galvão de Melo ◽  
Danilo Scorzoni Ré
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Biomass Equation ◽  
South Central ◽  
Biomass Equations

Restoration of Atlantic Forests is receiving increasing attention because of its role in both biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration for global climate change mitigation. This study was carried out in an Atlantic Forest restoration project in the south-central region of São Paulo State - Brazil to develop allometric equations to estimate tree biomass of indigenous tree species in mixed plantations. Above and below-ground biomass (AGB and BGB, respectively), stem diameter (DBH: diameter at 1.3 m height), tree height (H: total height) and specific wood density (WD) were measured for 60 trees of 19 species. Different biomass equations (linear and nonlinear-transformed) were adjusted to estimate AGB and BGB as a function of DBH, H and WD. For estimating AGB and BGB, the linear biomass equation models were the least accurate. The transformed nonlinear biomass equation that used log DBH2, log H and log WD as predictor variables were the most accurate for AGB and the transformed nonlinear biomass equations that used log DBH2*WD as predictor variables were the most accurate for BGB. It is concluded that these adjusted equations can be used to estimate the AGB and BGB in areas of the studied project. The adjusted equations can be recommended for use elsewhere in the region for forest stands of similar age, tree size ranges, species composition and site characteristics.

scholarly journals Water Security in Africa in the Age of Global Climate Change

Daedalus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Allen Isaacman ◽  
Muchaparara Musemwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This essay explores the multiple ways in which the nexuses between water scarcity and climate change are socially and historically grounded in ordinary people's lived experiences and are embedded in specific fields of power. Here we specifically delineate four critical dimensions in which the water crises confronting the African continent in an age of climate change are clearly expressed: the increasing scarcity, privatization, and commodification of water in urban centers; the impact of large dams on the countryside; the health consequences of water shortages and how they, in turn, affect other aspects of people's experiences, sociopolitical dynamics, and well-being, broadly conceived; and water governance and the politics of water at the local, national, and transnational levels. These overarching themes form the collective basis for the host of essays in this volume that provide rich accounts of conflicts and struggles over water use and how these tensions have been mitigated.

“Something Has to Yield”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Öjendal ◽  
Gustav Aldén Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Institutional Cooperation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Transboundary Water Management ◽  
Transboundary Institutions ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Transboundary Basins

As estimations and predictability of water supply in basins around the globe become difficult under a changing global climate, the need for new transboundary water management arises. To avoid international tensions related to water, traditional water agreements between states need to be transformed into more sophisticated and flexible arrangements of water governance. Designing and implementing such arrangements is a huge challenge since they must involve multiple stakeholders, must take into consideration the accelerating global water scarcity, and are dependent on the risks and unknowns of global climate change. Following an exploration of the core literature on the topic and the theoretical underpinnings of how to govern future risks, this chapter takes a closer look at the status of three important transboundary basins: the Meuse, the Mekong, and the Teesta basin. These basins all experience water stress with riparian states at different stages of agreeing on transboundary institutions and institutional cooperation.

Peri-urban territories and rural water community governance in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Duarte Vera ◽  
Julien Vanhulst ◽  
Eduardo Antonio Letelier Araya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Community Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
The City

PurposeRural drinking water services in Chile are managed by Rural Drinking Water Associations (RDWAs) with a community governance model. However, urban growth and a neoliberal institutional setting tend to favor market-style governance, both in terms of territorial planning and drinking water supply, placing stress on the community governance model of RDWA. The authors seek to understand these processes and identify the position of RDWA actors facing socio-territorial and environmental transformations experienced in peri-urban sectors of the city of Talca (Chile).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used georeferenced data, participant and non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. With these data, the authors analyzed the positions and discourses of water governance actors in relation to socio-territorial transformations in the peri-urban areas of the city, as well as for tensions between community and market governance.FindingsThe authors identified a growth tendency of RDWA users around the city of Talca due to a sharp drinking water demand increase in peri-urban territories. As such, the authors describe and contrast RWDA managers and governmental regulators' discourses regarding environmental and socio-territorial transformations. In these discourses, the authors found three critical topics: (1) land liberalization blurring urban territory borders; (2) Law #20998, a poorly financed reform which raises the specter of RDWA privatization, jeopardizing historic community drinking water management; and (3) the consequences of declining community commitment to RDWAs.Practical implicationsOne key implication of these findings is the need to modify RDWA pricing policies to deal with new rural inhabitant lifestyles and drinking water demands and to fulfill water basic needs of rural families, avoiding privatization risks. This change could help not only dealing with growing scarcity during global climate change, but could also provide financial resources to face new technical and administrative requirements of SSR Law.Originality/valueThe originality of the study comes from using a framework of governance tensions applied to water governance in peri-urban areas in a neoliberal institutional setting.

Molecular Basis for Resistance to Fenoxaprop in Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) from China

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlei Guo ◽  
Weitang Liu ◽  
Lingxu Li ◽  
Guohui Yuan ◽  
Long Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
South Central ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Shortawn foxtail is a competitive annual grass weed widely spread in east, south-central, and southwest China and parts of the Yellow River basin. One shortawn foxtail population (JSQT-1) resistant to fenoxaprop was identified in Jiangyan, Jiangsu province. Whole-plant experiments determined that the resistant population conferred high-level resistance to fenoxaprop (93-fold), clodinafop (21-fold), sethoxydim (107-fold), mesosulfuron (41-fold), and pyroxsulam (12-fold); moderate-level resistance to haloxyfop (8-fold), clethodim (9-fold), and pinoxaden (8-fold), and no resistance to isoproturon. Molecular analyses confirmed that the Ile-1781-Leu mutation was present in the resistant population. A dCAPS marker was used to detect the Ile-1781-Leu mutation. All 97 plants of the resistant population analyzed were homozygous mutants at the 1781 position. Our study established the first case of fenoxaprop resistance in shortawn foxtail, determined cross resistance to other herbicides, and elucidated that the molecular basis of resistance resulted from, at least partly, an Ile to Leu mutation at amino acid position 1781 in the plastid ACCase.

scholarly journals Relationships between Global Climate Indices and Rain-fed Crop Yields in Highland of South-Central Java, Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu D.A. NUGROHO ◽  
Ardiansyah O.D. PRIMA ◽  
Hiromitsu KANNO ◽  
Ryoji SAMESHIMA ◽  
Hiroshi FUJII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Identifying Carbon Footprint Emitted by Geodetic Engineers in San Ildefonso Bulacan When Conducting Survey Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencondia, Noel T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
A Company

Because of increasing concern about climate change and carbon emissions as a primary contributor, many companies and organizations are pursuing “carbon footprint” projects to estimate their contributions to global climate change. Calculating the carbon footprint is fundamental to understand how a company or organization’s activities impact global sustainability. The main challenge is how to calculate it when environmental aspects are intangible assets. This study aims to identify the frequency of carbon footprint emitted by geodetic engineers from San Ildefonso, Bulacan when they are conducting site surveying activities. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review if GE’s from San Ildefonso, Bulacan are high contributors of emitted carbon using statistical data, a review of ground improvement methods that have been studied to reduce the carbon footprint, and the direction in which geodetic engineering should proceed in the future.

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