Peri-urban territories and rural water community governance in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Duarte Vera ◽  
Julien Vanhulst ◽  
Eduardo Antonio Letelier Araya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Community Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
The City

PurposeRural drinking water services in Chile are managed by Rural Drinking Water Associations (RDWAs) with a community governance model. However, urban growth and a neoliberal institutional setting tend to favor market-style governance, both in terms of territorial planning and drinking water supply, placing stress on the community governance model of RDWA. The authors seek to understand these processes and identify the position of RDWA actors facing socio-territorial and environmental transformations experienced in peri-urban sectors of the city of Talca (Chile).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used georeferenced data, participant and non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. With these data, the authors analyzed the positions and discourses of water governance actors in relation to socio-territorial transformations in the peri-urban areas of the city, as well as for tensions between community and market governance.FindingsThe authors identified a growth tendency of RDWA users around the city of Talca due to a sharp drinking water demand increase in peri-urban territories. As such, the authors describe and contrast RWDA managers and governmental regulators' discourses regarding environmental and socio-territorial transformations. In these discourses, the authors found three critical topics: (1) land liberalization blurring urban territory borders; (2) Law #20998, a poorly financed reform which raises the specter of RDWA privatization, jeopardizing historic community drinking water management; and (3) the consequences of declining community commitment to RDWAs.Practical implicationsOne key implication of these findings is the need to modify RDWA pricing policies to deal with new rural inhabitant lifestyles and drinking water demands and to fulfill water basic needs of rural families, avoiding privatization risks. This change could help not only dealing with growing scarcity during global climate change, but could also provide financial resources to face new technical and administrative requirements of SSR Law.Originality/valueThe originality of the study comes from using a framework of governance tensions applied to water governance in peri-urban areas in a neoliberal institutional setting.

Food networks and urban informality in Mumbai, India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeenat Kotval-K
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Urban Informality ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
The City

PurposeTraditionally, urban informality has been discussed in terms of housing and markets, usually along the periphery of urban areas where there is disinvestment and decline. This article looks at urban informality through the lens of informal fresh food retail throughout the city of Mumbai, India. In India, fresh produce has traditionally been sold in informal street markets comprising vendors that operate through carts and make-shift stalls set-up on the streets. This article aims to assess the conditions surrounding fresh produce retail that fuel its informality.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed methods approach by spatially analyzing the location of informal fresh food vendors in ArcGIS, developing a qualitative analysis of the level of proliferation of this network through interviews conducted with vendors and conducting surveys of residents' access patterns and purchasing habits for fresh produce in the city.FindingsResults from this study indicate that the role of density, transportation systems, domestic/household structure, cultural traditions and a bureaucratic system rife with its own challenges have resulted in a distinct infrastructure of food retail networks that has harvested forms of inequalities and injustices that inherently fuel this informal economy.Originality/valueThere is no published study to date that has been done to spatially assess the informal food network in any dense city in India, let alone Mumbai to date. Urban informality, by its nature, is hard to capture, and yet this study takes a holistic view of the food systems in Mumbai, by addressing the location, supply (through vendor interviews) and demand factors (through resident surveys).

scholarly journals Formation of the organizational-managerial model of renovation of urban territories

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Topchiy ◽  
Andrey Tokarskiy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The City

The pace of modern urban development dictates special requirements for the structure of zoning and the designation of the territories of megacities. Formed requirements for the objects of residential and recreational areas, urban infrastructure and communications facilities. A special role in the issue of improving the comfort of the urban environment, is the process of renovation of production areas. One of the main principles of urban planning is the location of production in the outskirts of cities and settlements. However, with the development of urban areas, once located at the disposal of production, are surrounded by residential and administrative-office blocks. This “neighborhood” not only causes discomfort to residents, but also creates an excessive environmental burden on the environment. In addition, the territory of the city, and especially large megacities, have a much higher cadastral value of land, and, therefore, create an additional tax burden on production, as added value to the output. All these elements make the products uncompetitive, especially in comparison with similar products produced outside the metropolitan area. Thus, the process of output of production beyond the city limits is actually cyclical and uninterrupted. Territories that remain after the withdrawal of production facilities are subject to comprehensive analysis, taking into account the social needs of the city, and further renovation.

Innovation eases Indian land acquisition problems

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Land ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

Subject Land acquisition in India. Significance As of October 2016, nearly 5,600 industrial and infrastructure projects worth over 178 billion dollars were stalled due to land acquisition problems, according to a recent report. Moreover, litigation has exploded and a quarter of India’s districts now face land disputes. This suggests that the 2013 Land Acquisition Act, far from easing tensions over the acquisition of land for infrastructure and industrial purposes, has exacerbated them. Impacts Solutions for tribal opposition to land acquisition by miners are not in the offing. Strategies for resolving land disputes are likely to emerge at the city municipal level. Partnership with land leasers in urban areas will prove an effective foil for land disputes.

Solo travellers to city destinations: an exploratory study in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Abbasian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain more insight into the phenomenon of solo travel to city destinations and attain more knowledge on the topic.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a questionnaire consisting of qualitative and quantitative items. In all, 21 individuals (12 women, 9 men) responded.FindingsThe most important reason for solo travel was their own free choice and in some cases, difficulty finding companions. Their activities at the destinations were mostly visiting attractions followed by visiting friends, shopping, walking, eating at restaurants, learning the language, working, etc. They mostly mentioned advantages but also some disadvantages with solo travelling. Their experiences, especially with the people in the host destinations, have been positive and they show overall satisfaction with their visit. A predominant share of the interviewees showed a kind of loyalty to one or more specific city destinations and wished to revisit them again and again.Practical implicationsThe current study might have some implications for city tourism developers/destination developers, travel agencies, national or regional tourism boards and tour operators in major urban areas and cities. Especially, this study has a practical contribution to the city tourism practitioners and gives them more insight in what values, attitudes, perceptions, expectations and motivations the solo travellers might have before or while they visit their cities. The study also has implications for potential solo travellers seeking more knowledge and information on the issue.Originality/valueThe phenomenon of solo travel to city destinations is an unresearched topic in Sweden. This exploratory study is the first in Sweden to focus on solo travellers visiting city destinations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Structure and Composition of Bacterial Core Communities in Mature Drinking Water Biofilms and Bulk Water of a Citywide Network in Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 3530-3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Henne ◽  
Leila Kahlisch ◽  
Ingrid Brettar ◽  
Manfred G. Höfle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Candidate Division ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThe bacterial core communities of bulk water and corresponding biofilms of a more than 20-year-old drinking water network were compared using 16S rRNA single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprints based on extracted DNA and RNA. The structure and composition of the bacterial core community in the bulk water was highly similar (>70%) across the city of Braunschweig, Germany, whereas all biofilm samples contained a unique community with no overlapping phylotypes from bulk water. Biofilm samples consisted mainly ofAlphaproteobacteria(26% of all phylotypes),Gammaproteobacteria(11%), candidate division TM6 (11%),Chlamydiales(9%), andBetaproteobacteria(9%). The bulk water community consisted primarily ofBacteroidetes(25%),Betaproteobacteria(20%),Actinobacteria(16%), andAlphaproteobacteria(11%). All biofilm communities showed higher relative abundances of single phylotypes and a reduced richness compared to bulk water. Only biofilm communities sampled at nearby sampling points showed similar communities irrespective of support materials. In all of our bulk water studies, the community composition determined from 16S rRNA was completely different from the 16S rRNA gene-based community composition, whereas in biofilms both molecular fractions resulted in community compositions that were similar to each other. We hypothesize that a higher fraction of active bacterial phylotypes and a better protection from oxidative stress in drinking water biofilms are responsible for this higher similarity.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TERRITORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Sivkov ◽  
Alexey A. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Process ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
The City

Urban design has always been a spatial process. Since the city is a combination of spaces and connections, both above and under ground, it is especially important to bring territorial planning to the level of spatial modeling. In the paper, the possibilities of machine learning methods for predicting the development of urban areas were investigated, a forecasting model was compiled, and its accuracy was evaluated.

Thermal comfort and pedestrian behaviors in urban public spaces in cities with warm and dry climates

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hocine Boumaraf ◽  
Louisa Amireche
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to move beyond the stage of analysis of exclusively physical microclimatic phenomena and extending ourselves to the study of the impact of the microclimate environment on the user behavior in public spaces. This paper will open up new opportunities for the development of urban open spaces and facilitate the decision-making for urban decision-makers, city managers and planners to make the right urban planning decision. Design/methodology/approach The methodology for identifying the links between microclimatic quality of urban routes and behaviors was developed on the basis of the results obtained from field surveys carried out in nine public urban areas of the city of Biskra, three urban space are located in a traditional urban fabric (the medina) and the other five in new urban areas, in the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) of 2019. For this exploratory research, two types of instruments were used to collect data from environmental and human monitoring. Findings Improving microclimatic conditions in urban spaces can allow people to spend more time outside, with the possibility of increasing their social cohesion. The overall objective of this research is to better understand the impact of microclimatic characteristics on pedestrian behavior of nine selected public urban spaces in the city of Biskra, Algeria. To characterize this impact, the authors developed an approach based on crossing data of field surveys, including structured interviews with a questionnaire and observations of human activities (video recordings), as well as microclimate monitoring, conducted during the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) 2019. The analysis of the results allowed to verify the impact of the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) on the variation in the density of occupancy of the different urban areas studied and the duration of the user stations. The authors also illustrated that the number of individuals higher in the traditional urban spaces of the city of Biskra or the conditions of climate comfort are more comfortable than the urban spaces in the new urban areas of the city of Biskra during the summer, which is the season most problematic. Originality/value In recent years, there has been a proliferation of scientific studies on the subject of control of microclimatic characteristics and, in particular, on the consideration of the thermal comfort of persons by qualitative analysis, prediction and representation of the perception of external environments. Improving microclimatic conditions in urban spaces can allow people to spend more time outside, with the possibility of increasing their social cohesion. This study highlights the importance of climate-conscious urban design and design flexibility. Urban environments can be modified in summer and winter to provide a better outdoor thermal environment for users. In addition, this study also shows the importance of harmony between microclimate and urban design. Such harmony can be achieved by including requirements for a climate-conscious urban design in the planning regulations for cities in arid zones.

Towards interactive flood management in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Barua ◽  
Jacko A. van Ast
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water System ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Whole Water

Water governance in urban areas is inherently complex and challenging. During recent decades, water management has increasingly been focusing on integration of the different economic demands regarding water resources. Modern water governance takes the whole water system into account in its aim to optimise the different values of the water system, in close interaction with stakeholders. This paper applies the modern, interactive approach to the management of floods in a country considered to be one of the world's most flood-prone and vulnerable: Bangladesh. Are the pillars of modern water governance practiced in its metropolitan capital Dhaka? The current institutional setting of flood management is analysed following the main pillars of the interactive water management framework: integration, river basin approach, sustainability and interaction. Based on the analysis, general recommendations are formulated to bring further innovation to water and flood management in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and other great deltas in the world.

scholarly journals TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION OF AREAS OF URBAN ACTIVITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SAMARA CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Anna V. ZHOGOLEVA ◽  
Anastasia N. NIKOLAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Activity

The article examines the features of transport services for urban areas of Samara in relation to the planning framework of the city. The formation of a system of urban centers and areas of urban activity is considered based on the principle of transport security of urban territories and centers. The article examines the quality of the transport and pedestrian framework of the city of Samara, the parameters of streets of citywide and district signifi cance.

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