scholarly journals Broadening Our Understanding of Hurricanes and Forests on the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico: Where and What Should We Study Now?

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania López-Marrero ◽  
Tamara Heartsill-Scalley ◽  
Carlos F. Rivera-López ◽  
Isabel A. Escalera-García ◽  
Mariangelí Echevarría-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Forested Ecosystems

Hurricanes shape ecosystems. A broad range of forested ecosystems is particularly affected by hurricanes, thus creating the need for studies addressing the effects of these disturbances. There is a long history of hurricane and forest research on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In this study, we present results from a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles regarding ecological research conducted in Puerto Rico on the topic of hurricanes and forests published from 1900 through 2017. We present a summary of cyclonic activity on the island during the study period and the results from the systematic literature review within this cyclonic context. We discuss findings in terms of aspects of forests studied, geographical distribution of study areas, and time scales at which research was conducted. These findings allow us to determine what was studied about hurricanes and forests, identify gaps in the information, and suggest possible areas of research and production of new knowledge that recent and future storms can bring. We conclude with recommendations identifying research needs and propose additional approaches to complement existing information. Our goal is to generate future knowledge from hurricane and forest research with the broadest applications possible.

Solar Radiation Over the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro L. Rivera ◽  
Karim Altaii
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Energy Conversion System ◽  
The Caribbean

Solar radiation was measured and recorded on a 5-minute, hourly and daily basis at a number of sites on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico (located from 18° to 18° 30’N latitude and from 65° 30’ to 67° 15’W longitude) over a 24 calendar month time frame. The global solar radiation was measured at four sites (namely: Aguadilla, Ponce, Gurabo, and San Juan). The global solar radiation data was measured by an Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer (model PSP) mounted on a horizontal surface. This pyranometer is sensitive to solar radiation in the range of 0.285 ≤ λ ≤ 2.8 μm wavelengths. Statistical analysis such as the daily average, monthly average hourly, monthly average daily, and annual average daily global radiation are presented in this paper. Despite its small size, a 13 percent variation in the global solar radiation has been observed within the island. Reasonable solar radiation values, for solar energy conversion system installation, seem to exist at and possibly around Aguadilla.

Cyathea ruttenbergii, a new tree fern (Cyatheaceae, Polypodiopsida) from Puerto Rico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
ADRIAN TEJEDOR ◽  
FABIOLA ARECES-BERAZAIN
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Species ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Cyathea ruttenbergii, is described from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. The new species differs from congeners by its large, lanceolate pinnules with wide sinuses and long attenuate apices, ovate lamina with 6–7 pinna pairs, bicolorous petiole scales, strongly armed petioles, and lack of indusium. The affinities and ecology of the species are discussed.

“Choose yourself?”

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Jolynna Sinanan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Town

Abstract Social media is often assumed to espouse ego-centred networking. Yet by comparing posts to Facebook and Instagram, it becomes apparent that the experience and aspirations of the individual are often embedded in structures of family and other institutions that have been historically determined. This article locates images posted by women to two social media platforms, Facebook and Instagram, within the Caribbean island of Trinidad’s wider history of the significance of visibility and visuality. What individuals choose to make visible and its consequences form a visual language in which Trinidadians are entirely fluent. By extension, images are used to communicate forms of differentiated identity that are made visible through social media. The material gathered was based on 15 months of ethnographic research in a semi-urban town in Trinidad where, generally, uses of social media are expressive of a place-based sense of identity. The town is simultaneously a place that urban dwellers look down on and villagers look up to. Visual content posted to Facebook and Instagram reveal that while individuals seek to craft and shape images and aesthetics according to their own tastes, this must be done in a socially acceptable way; that is, placing emphasis on group conformity is far more of a social value than expressing individual distinction. Social media in this context communicates the imagination of oppositional futures and a divergence of lifestyles for young women: those who identify with being locally-oriented and those who identify with being globally-oriented.

scholarly journals Burden of varicella in Latin America and the Caribbean: findings from a systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Helena Falleiros Arlant ◽  
Maria Catalina Pirez Garcia ◽  
Maria L. Avila Aguero ◽  
Miguel Cashat ◽  
Cintia Irene Parellada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
The Caribbean

The natural history of brain volume loss among patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Vollmer ◽  
James Signorovitch ◽  
Lynn Huynh ◽  
Philip Galebach ◽  
Caroline Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
History Of

Caribbean Commission

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-545
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information ◽  
Sixth Session ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean Commission met for its sixth session at San Juan, Puerto Rico, from May 24 to 29, 1948. Among the subjects discussed were tourism, industrial, development, transportation and communications, population movements, water supply, and the establishment of a scientific and technical information service: and a statistical unit to serve research needs on Caribbean topics. The Commission decided to make a six-month survey of all existing research institutions, projects, and personnel in the region, to serve as a basis for a permanent research information service to be maintained by the secretariat.

Aldicarb poisoning

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ragouc-Sengler ◽  
A Tracqui ◽  
A Chavonnet ◽  
J B Daijardin ◽  
M Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Illicit Use ◽  
Cns Depression ◽  
Carbonyl Oxime

Aldicarb (2 ethyl-2 (methylthio) propanal o-[(methlamino)-carbonyl] oxime) is a pesticide manufactured since 1965. This carbamate ester is sold under the tradename, Temiks, and is used as insecticide and nematicide. The Environmental Protection Agency has classified aldicarb in the highest toxicity category and has defined a strict control for its delivery and use. In Brazil and the Caribbean island, aldicarb is illegally used as a household rodenticide with a widespread risk of poisoning. Our study presents the first review of aldicarb poisoning circumstances associated with cliical and analytical findings. Moreover, the oxime treament is discussed. Eighteen patients with cholinergic symptoms admitted to the Emergency Unit and two deceased with a history of aldicarb poisoning were included in the study. As agricultural workers, only two of them could legally use Temikg. Seventy percent of the patients was managed by the Emergency Mobil Unit. Serum cholinesterase activity was always lower than 30% of the normal range and aldicarb was identified by UV spectra and retention time after liquid chromatogrphy separation. The most common muscarinic effect was diarrhea, the main nicotinic sign fasciculation and almost half of the poisoned patients had central nervous system (CNS) depression (Glasgow Coma Score lower than 8). Four patients had serious conduction abnoralities and two of them died. These results suggest that aldicarb intoxication is always severe. Oxime treatment did not produce side effects and should be recommended whenever the pesticide involved is unknown. Effective measures should be implemented to stamp out the illicit use of aldicarb.

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