scholarly journals Functional Diversity of the Soil Culturable Microbial Community in Eucalyptus Plantations of Different Ages in Guangxi, South China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Xiu Lan ◽  
Hu Du ◽  
Wanxia Peng ◽  
Yongxian Liu ◽  
Zhilian Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Different Ages

We selected five different ages of eucalyptus plantation sites to understand the culturable microbial functional diversity and the ecological functions of the soil from the eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi. We investigated the carbon source metabolic activity and diversity features of surface soil microbes using the Biolog EcoPlate method (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA), along with the microbial functional diversity and physicochemical properties of the soil. The results suggest that the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbes at various forest ages manifested as 3-year-old > 5-year-old > 2-year-old > 1-year-old > 8-year-old. The abundance, Shannon–Weiner, Pielou, Simpson, and McIntosh diversity indices of the soil microbes initially increased and then decreased with further increase in forest age, with the highest levels in 3- and 5-year-old forests. As per the heatmap analysis, the 3-year-old forest could metabolize the most carbon source species, while the 1- and 8-year-old forests could metabolize the least. Carbohydrates were the most frequently metabolized carbon source. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that PC1 and PC2 extracted from the 31 factors have 52.42% and 13.39% of the variable variance, respectively. Carbohydrates contributed most to PCA, followed by amino acids and carboxylic acids, and phenolic acids and amines, the least. Canonical correspondence analysis shows that total carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, and pH negatively correlate with soil microbial functional diversity, whereas total and available phosphorus positively correlate with it. To sum up, the soil microbial community structure of eucalyptus plantations at various ages reflects the soil environmental conditions and nutrient availability, which is of great significance in the efficient management and high-quality operation of their plantations in Guangxi.

scholarly journals The influence of soil microbial community structure on carbon and nitrogen partitioning in plant/soil ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Initial Soil

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increasing soil fungal-to-bacterial ratios (F:B) on the allocation of plant-photosynthate carbon into the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) partitions (g) of plant components (root, shoot and fruit), New-Soil C and N, and Soil-Respiration C (CO2). Six (6) experimental treatment soils were formulated to provide linearly increasing: initial-soil C% (0.14% – 5.3%); initial-soil N% (0.01% - 0.40%); and soil microbial community (SMC) populations progressing from bacterial dominant (F:B=0.04) to fungal dominant (F:B=3.68) while still maintaining significant SMC population homogeneity. In an 86-day greenhouse experiment, growing chile plants (Capsicum annuum) in treatment soils with increasing F:B (0.4-3.68), the following was observed: a) a continuous linear increase (3% up to 56%) in the partitioning of total plant-photosynthate C into plant biomass (root, shoot and fruit) when regressed to initial F:B (m=0.13; r2=0.96); b) approximately 93% of the flow of plant-photosynthate C was partitioned into New-Soil C in Treatment 0 (F:B = 0.04), to a minimum of 47% in Treatment 5 (F:B = 3.68) demonstrating a negative linear correlation to treatment Initial-Soil C mass (m= -0.12; r2 = 0.97); c) conditional and coordinated flow of system C resources into nitrogen (N) fixation (est. C cost for N fixation at 6:1), with 1.21 g C partitioned to N fixation in Treatment 0 (F:B=0.04), peaking at 6.92 g C in Treatment 2 (F:B=1.6), and final C partitioning to N fixation of 2.91 g C in Treatment 5 (F:B=3.68), following a 3rd order polynomial trendline (r2=0.99) when correlated with initial treatment soil C mass; d) decreases in soil respiration, from 44% of Initial-Soil C substrate respired in bacterial-dominant low-C (0.14%) soils (F:B = 0.04) to 11% in fungal dominant (F:B = 3.68), high-C percent (5.30% C) soils (y = -0.108ln(x)+ 0.4987; r2= 0.95). Increasing the F:B in the soils of agroecosystems may provide more efficient accumulation and partitioning of photosynthate C into plant and soil biomass, improved N fixation and beneficial increases in total carbon use efficiencies. Collectively, these benefits could provide a practical and cost-effective path towards: improving crop production, reducing N-fertilizer inputs, promoting a more sustainable agricultural system, while providing a cost-effective approach for capturing and storing atmospheric carbon (CO2) in soils of agroecosystems.

Evaluation of optimal straw incorporation characteristics based on quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Rong ◽  
Yucui Ning ◽  
Xu Cao ◽  
Ye Su ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Orthogonal Rotation ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractFor straw incorporation, three crucial factors affect the soil microbial community and various enzyme activities: straw length, amount and burial depth. To analyse the individual and interactive effects of these three factors on the soil microbial community and various enzyme activities, 23 treatments with five levels of the three variables (straw length, amount and burial depth) were applied in a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. A comprehensive indicator was constructed that could represent soil microbial functional diversity and enzyme activity by determining the weights of measured indicators and using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results indicated that the soil microbiological indicators have a higher criteria weight than soil enzyme activity indicators. The final weight orders of indicators were as follows: Shannon–Weaver > invertase > Shannon evenness > urease > catalase > McIntosh index > Simpson diversity > phosphatase. The soil comprehensive values constructed by the TOPSIS method are reliable. The optimal combination for the improvement of soil microbial functional diversity and enzyme activity was a straw length of 13–24 cm, burial depth of 10–17 cm and straw amount of 370–650 g/m2.

scholarly journals Which of soil microbes is in positive correlation to yields of maize (Zea mays L.)?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Zhongyou ◽  
Xie Yue ◽  
Zhu Lin ◽  
Cheng Liang ◽  
Xiao Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Maize Yields

Soil microorganisms are critical to maintain soil function, enhance plant health and increase crop yields. This study investigated the effects of organic matter on soil microbial community and assessed which of soil microbes were in positive correlation to maize yields. The results showed that different fertilizer treatments shaped specific microbial communities in the same soils. The most abundant beneficial soil microbes were found in treatments with organic fertilizer produced from cattle manure, return of wheat straw and 70% NPK admixture fertilizers treatment. The correlation analysis revealed that maize yields were in no correlation both to the shifts of soil microbial community structure and to the number of sequences or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in soil microbes. However, maize yields were in positive correlation to microbial community structure shifts at the species level. 35 bacteria OTUs from 19 orders in 14 classes in 9 phyla were in positive correlation to yields of maize, while in fungi only one OTU<sub>25</sub> belonging to Sordariales was in positive correlation. Our results indicate that the long-term application of organic and inorganic amendments could enrich the soil bacterial and fungal community and promote its diversity.

scholarly journals Effect of root exudates of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mearnsii on soil microbes under simulated warming climate conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Wu ◽  
Shixiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrated that warming and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) indirectly affect the soil microbial community structure via plant root exudates. However, there is no direct evidence for how the root exudates affect soil microbes and how the compositions of root exudates respond to climate change. Results The results showed that warming directly decreased biomass of soil-borne bacteria and fungi for Acacia mearnsii De Willd but it did not impact soil microbial community for Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. In contrast, elevated CO2 had strong direct effect on increasing soil microbial biomass for both plant species. However, plant roots could significantly increase the secretion of antibacterial chemicals (most probable organic acids), which inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi in elevated CO2 environment. This inhibitory effect neutralized the facilitation from increasing CO2 concentration on microbial growth. Conclusions We concluded that climate change can directly affect microorganisms, and indirectly affect the soil microbial community structure by changes in composition and content of plant root exudates.

scholarly journals Changes in Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Mulberry Genotypes with Differing Resistance to Bacterial Wilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Guo ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Xingming Hu ◽  
Wen Deng ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

AbstractA close relationship between soil-borne diseases, soil microbial community structure, and functional diversity has been described in the mulberry plant. In the present study, microbial abundance, community structure, and functional diversity in the soil rhizosphere were compared in resistant (Kangqing10) and susceptible (Guisang12) mulberry genotypes using the dilution plate method, micro-ecology technology, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The goal of this study was to develop better management methods for mulberry cultivation and preventing and controlling bacterial wilt. Rhizosphere soil microorganisms were more abundant in the resistant normal mulberry genotype than in the susceptible normal mulberry genotype. Carbon source utilization was better in the susceptible normal mulberry genotype. These properties were lower in the resistant sickly mulberry genotype than in the susceptible sickly mulberry genotype. PCR-DGGE indicated that the bacterial and fungal community structures of the resistant genotypes were more stable than those of the susceptible genotypes. Correlation regression analysis implicated mulberry bacterial wilt in the loss of soil nutrients, particularly organic matter and nitrogen, which can disrupt the balance of the soil microbial community. Loss of soil organic matter and nitrogen had a lower impact on resistant genotype plants than on susceptible genotype plants. Therefore, resistant genotype plants displayed some resistance to bacterial wilt. Further insights into the soil rhizosphere microbial diversities of resistant and susceptible genotypes will help in the control and prevention of mulberry bacterial wilt.

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