scholarly journals Discourses of FLEGT and REDD + Regimes in Cameroon: A Nongovernmental Organization and International Development Agency Perspectives

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Mbatu
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Environmental Negotiations ◽  
Critical Issues

This paper applies the international environmental negotiations framework (IENF) and the multiple streams framework (MSF) to analyze the influence of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and International Development Agencies (IDAs) in the development and implementation of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade agreement (FLEGT) and the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) regimes in Cameroon. Deforestation, forest degradation, and illegal logging are critical issues in forest management in many forest-rich countries around the world. In attempt to curtail illegal logging, global forest governance in the past few years has witnessed the development of a number of timber legality regimes including FLEGT. In the same light, the international community has recently seen the emergence of the REDD+ regime to fight against global warming and climate change. Based on sixty-eight interviews in Cameroon with representatives of NGOs and IDAs, government officials, the timber industry, and members of forest communities, as well as eleven informal conversations, and more than sixty documents, the paper finds that NGO and IDA influence on the FLEGT and REDD+ regimes in Cameroon has been growing in three areas: stakeholder participation, project development, and institutional development. Thus, the increasing influence of NGOs and IDAs will pave the way for future interventions on social, cultural, economic, and environmental issues, including land tenure, carbon rights, benefit distribution, equity, Free, Prior and Informed consent, legality, and stakeholder process, related to the FLEGT and REDD+ regimes in Cameroon.

Viewpoint Leadership lessons for institutional development in Albania and Kosovo: handout versus giving a hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Fron Nahzi
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Leadership Lessons ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Local Leaders

PurposeThis essay draws on my experience in the democratic development of Albania and Kosovo. These leadership insights are shared in the contemporary context of the changes in the past ten years to the international development landscape in the Western Balkans and Central and Eastern Europe. My professional reflections on leading efforts to establish democratic institutions form the basis of these case studies on Albania and Kosovo. Drawing on these reflections (Schon, 1982) can generate a deeper understanding of the leadership practices that facilitated a successful transition, as well as make explicit the implicit practices in leadership that resulted in less than successful efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the democratic development challenges in Albania and Kosovo are based on my experience in managing multi-million dollar nation building programs in both countries.FindingsThe democratic development of Kosovo and Albania illustrate the challenges that most leaders in governments and civil society face working in transitional societies. It should come as no surprise that their respective roles and goals will come into conflict as local leaders fight to hold onto power, while many Western good governance programs promote sharing of power. This conflict is complicated by the question of to whom the NGOs and international organizations are accountable – their donor or the community they are working in?Originality/valueThe analysis is based on personal experience in developing and implementing nation-building programs in Albania and Kosovo.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant Health Programs Using Outcome Mapping

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Testen ◽  
Delphina P. Mamiro ◽  
Jackson Nahson ◽  
Hosea D. Mtui ◽  
Sally A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
One Year ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

Evaluation is a necessary component of plant health programs designed for and implemented in research, extension, and international development settings. Outcome Mapping is a method of program planning, observation, and assessment in which changes in behavior, relationships, or actions of the target groups (boundary partners) are evaluated during program implementation. Outcome Mapping was used to evaluate stakeholder participation in participatory variety selection trials for tomato and soil health training for tomato farmers in Tanzania. Boundary partner participation varied between the three villages evaluated and predicted adoption of new varieties assessed one year later. Outcome Mapping was valuable in tracking progress during program implementation and can indicate long-term impacts of the program. Accepted for publication 21 November 2016.

3. National and international developments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Moon
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Development ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corporate Social

‘National and international developments’ compares national approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly between the USA and Europe, but also within Asia and Africa, and in so doing also identifies factors in the international development of CSR among these and other countries. CSR was first established in the USA, where the concept of specific company level responsibilities emerged both as a management and an academic concept, reflecting related cultural, economic, and political themes. The concept has not been simply exported; rather it has been adapted to different national ethical and regulatory frameworks in which assumptions and systems of responsibility are framed.

scholarly journals The European Union’s instruments on fighting illegal logging – selected legal issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Adriana Kalicka-Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Legal Character ◽  
The Eu

Illegal logging is a significant problem of major international community concern because it has a devastating impact on some of the world’s most valuable remaining forests and contributes to tropical deforestation and forest degradation. Furthermore, it threatens biodiversity and undermines sustainable forest management, having a negative impact on poverty reduction, sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development. The article presents instruments adopted by the EU in order to combat illegal timber logging. The author describes their material scope and legal character, dividing them into two groups: internal and international legally binding instruments and soft law instruments, in order to answer the question about their legal character and position in the EU legal order and in national orders of the Member States.

scholarly journals National REDD+ outcompetes gold and logging: the potential of cleaning profit chains.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Overman ◽  
Anthony R Cummings ◽  
Jeffrey B Luzar ◽  
José M V Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
National Society

While the potential contribution of a nationally implemented program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) to developing countries’ budgets remains as yet obscure, two general concerns are that REDD+ will i) incentivize land grabbing and ii) remain financially uncompetitive against current commercial forest uses. However, based on data from Guyana’s, United Nations-approved, Forest Reference Emission Level (FREL) submission and national documents, we found that i) national REDD+ appears not to place value on forest, but financial penalties on forest damage, and ii) would be competitive when viewed from the perspective of the owner of the natural resources (national society), even against high value commodities such as gold and timber (the country’s main emission drivers), and at an intermediate US$5 carbon price. Hidden by the latter is a very skewed sharing of net revenue between the state and private sector supply chains (~1:99). Weak law enforcement, common across the tropics, enhances skewed sharing, and linked political leverage likely undermines any plans that would interfere with private income streams, including rural development, land tenure and conservation plans. We suggest that government or electorate pressure towards more equitable revenue sharing, i.e. ‘cleaning profit chains’, would both be justified and worthwhile, and unlikely to produce job losses. Investing this homegrown finance in better management and law enforcement of finite natural resources (under REDD+, including forests) could return significant REDD+ income while mitigating climate change and aiding rights of forest-dependent livelihoods. Along with cleaning supply chains and moving commodities out of natural forest areas, assessing and cleaning private profit chains may more generally be a promising approach for REDD+ and climate mitigation goals, along with its many associated social and environmental co-benefits.

scholarly journals National REDD+ outcompetes gold and logging: the potential of cleaning profit chains.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Overman ◽  
Anthony R Cummings ◽  
Jeffrey B Luzar ◽  
José M V Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
National Society

While the potential contribution of a nationally implemented program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) to developing countries’ budgets remains as yet obscure, two general concerns are that REDD+ will i) incentivize land grabbing and ii) remain financially uncompetitive against current commercial forest uses. However, based on data from Guyana’s, United Nations-approved, Forest Reference Emission Level (FREL) submission and national documents, we found that i) national REDD+ appears not to place value on forest, but financial penalties on forest damage, and ii) would be competitive when viewed from the perspective of the owner of the natural resources (national society), even against high value commodities such as gold and timber (the country’s main emission drivers), and at an intermediate US$5 carbon price. Hidden by the latter is a very skewed sharing of net revenue between the state and private sector supply chains (~1:99). Weak law enforcement, common across the tropics, enhances skewed sharing, and linked political leverage likely undermines any plans that would interfere with private income streams, including rural development, land tenure and conservation plans. We suggest that government or electorate pressure towards more equitable revenue sharing, i.e. ‘cleaning profit chains’, would both be justified and worthwhile, and unlikely to produce job losses. Investing this homegrown finance in better management and law enforcement of finite natural resources (under REDD+, including forests) could return significant REDD+ income while mitigating climate change and aiding rights of forest-dependent livelihoods. Along with cleaning supply chains and moving commodities out of natural forest areas, assessing and cleaning private profit chains may more generally be a promising approach for REDD+ and climate mitigation goals, along with its many associated social and environmental co-benefits.

scholarly journals Some Critical Issues in the EU-India Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wouters ◽  
Idesbald Goddeeris ◽  
Bregt Natens ◽  
Filip Ciortuz
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Eclipsed by the halo: ‘Helping’ brands through dissociation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ann Richey
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Surplus Value ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Ethical Obligations

‘Helping’ distant others through ‘Brand Aid’ humanitarianism may be one of the most successful dissociational branding practices of all. In this short commentary, I argue that humanitarian ‘helping’ itself can become a branded commodity, as understood by Ibert et al. (2019). I draw on the dissociational framework to reconsider the concept of ‘brand aid’ as a link between ethical consumption, international development, and the commodification of humanitarianism. In brand aid, the ‘ethical’ action proposed by a consumption choice triggers the ‘helping’ of distant and disengaged Others. This results in reshaping the real or imagined ethical obligations across networks of solidarity, where dissociational symbolic value moves from consumption back to production and is deflected onto suffering Others. In these chains of value, the conditions of production become eclipsed by the halo of helping through consumption. Ethical consumption is becoming less possible, humanitarianism is increasingly commodified, and ‘partnerships’ meant to alleviate global suffering are becoming more complicated than ever before. Cultural economic geography can deepen our knowledge of how maintaining inequalities can produce surplus value through ‘helping’, and how this is embedded in strategic and habitual forms of dissociation from global ills.

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