scholarly journals Functional Composition Changes of a Subtropical Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest Under Environmental Change

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Shun Zou ◽  
Qianmei Zhang ◽  
Guoyi Zhou ◽  
Shizhong Liu ◽  
Guowei Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
Composition Changes

Long-term studies have revealed that forest species composition was shifting under environment change and disturbance induced by loss of large trees. Yet, few studies explicitly analyzed their impacts on composition concurrently. To learn more about impacts of environment change and disturbance on driving forest community, we investigated shifts in functional composition over past 24 years in an old-growth subtropical forest in southern China. We analyzed nine traits that are mainly related to leaf nutrients, photosynthetic capacity, hydraulic conductivity, and drought tolerance of plants and examined hypotheses: (1) The functional composition change over time was directional instead of random fluctuation, (2) drought-tolerant species increased their abundance under soil dryness, (3) both environmental change and disturbance related to changes of functional composition significantly, and (4) initial trait values of quadrats strongly influenced their subsequent change rates in quadrat level (10 × 10 m). We found that species composition had shifted to favor species with high leaf nutrient content, high photosynthesis rate, high hydraulic conductivity, low water-use efficiency, and high drought tolerance traits, which was due to soil dryness and disturbance. These two factors explained 47–58% of quadrats’ trait value changes together. Considering rapidly increasing stem density, this pattern may indicate ecological processes of which disturbance provided numerous recruits of resource-acquisition strategy species and soil dryness conducted a selecting effect on shaping composition in the forest. Additionally, quadrats with initial trait values at the far end of change direction shifted faster in three traits, which also indicated that functional composition changes in quadrats were directional and homogenized. Our results implied that environment change and accompanied disturbance events possibly drove species composition change along a different trajectory in the subtropical forest that experienced high climatic variability.

Functional shifts in natural forests under environmental change over the last 65 years are faster in colder regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Hisano ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Xinli Chen ◽  
Masahiro Ryo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

Abstract Global environmental changes have significantly impacted plant diversity and composition over many decades. Maintaining biodiversity and composition is critical for sustainability of ecosystem functioning and related services. While global environmental changes have modified plant species and functional compositions in forest ecosystems, it remains unclear how temporal shifts in functional composition differ across regions and biomes. Utilizing extensive spatial and long-term forest inventory data (17,107 plots monitored 1951–2016) across Canada, we found that functional composition shifted toward fast-growing deciduous broadleaved trees and higher drought tolerance over time; notably, this functional shift was more rapid in colder regions. Further analysis revealed that the functional composition of colder plots shifted toward drought tolerance more rapidly with rising CO2 than warmer plots, which suggests the vulnerability of the functional composition of colder plots against global environmental changes. Future ecosystem management practices should consider spatial differences in functional responses to global environmental change, with particular attention to colder plots that experience higher rates of warming and compositional changes.

The Limnology and Fishes of Oligotrophic Glacial Lakes in North America (about 1800 A.D.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
General Description ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The general limnology and fish composition of 14 North American oligotrophic lakes is described as it likely was about the year 1800, prior to the adverse effects of man-made eutrophication, exploitation, and introductions of exotic species. The general description includes glacial history and geomorphology, climate and growing season, morphometry of the lake basins, physical and chemical characteristics, macroinvertebrates, and zooplankton. Fish populations are described with respect to their zoogeographic origins and the species composition of each lake. The relative degree of environmental change brought about by the activities of man in each lake is summarized.

scholarly journals Komunitas Gastropoda Mangrove di Sungai Perpat dan Bunting, Kecamatan Belinyu, Kabupaten Bangka

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Eka Yuliawati ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah ◽  
Nova Mujiono
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Number Of Individuals

<strong>Mangrove gastropod community in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, Belinyu District, Bangka Regency</strong>. Perpat and Bunting in Bangka Regency have an adequate and natural mangrove ecosystems. However, studies on the structure of the gastropod community in this ecosystem is lacking. This study aimed to discover the structure of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem. This study was carried out from October to November 2019 in riverine mangrove area located in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, District Belinyu, Bangka Regency. Samples were taken from 10 x 10 m plot from six observed stations. A total of 578 individuals of gastropoda were collected, comprised of seven families and 14 species. Number of species ranged from 4 to 9, while number of individuals ranged from 35 to 214. <em>Cerithidea quoyii</em> was a dominant species with 270 individuals (47%) and found in all stations. Gastropods community was in labile condition and prone to environmental change. Species composition of gastropods were similar in both rivers with nine identical species. However, epifaunal species were found separately from arboreal species

scholarly journals Dynamics of stand composition changes in grass and grass-clover stands and relations between dominant species

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
P. Matušinsky ◽  
F. Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Good Agreement

Changes in the species composition of temporary grass and grass-clover crops stands were studied in 1994&ndash;2000. The assessment consisted in determination of the dominance of individual species, measurement of their aboveground biomass weight and subsequent comparison of detected values. The measurements were evaluated by the method of determination of distance between vectors of stand composition and by the subsequent standardization. Resulting values are in a&nbsp;good agreement with the hither to knowledge and confirm that more favourable yield parameters are achieved within 30&ndash;60% of total changeability. Changes of species composition and stand changeability are at their initial stages of succession given by external changes mainly contributed to by the group of clumpy grass species and by internal changes within the group of pod-bearing plants.

Effects of distribution and structural traits of bird's nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) on oribatid (Acari: Oribatida) communities in a subtropical Japanese forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Karasawa ◽  
Naoki Hijii
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Japanese Forest ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Bird’S Nest Fern

We studied oribatid (Acari: Oribatida) communities in two distinct microhabitats (litter and root) of the bird's nest fern (Asplenium nidus) in an approximately 4-ha area in a subtropical forest, Okinawa, Japan. We collected a total of 15 729 oribatid mites from 37 ferns and examined whether the size and height of the ferns and the distance between ferns affected the structure of the oribatid communities in terms of the species composition, number of individuals, density (individuals per 100 g dry wt of substrate), number of species and species diversity (Simpson's index). Oribatid communities differed significantly in species composition and density between litter and root components and were evenly distributed horizontally throughout the plot. The density of oribatid mites in the litter decreased significantly with increasing height of the ferns, and the species composition and the numbers of individuals and species in the litter were affected by fern size. Our results suggest that the litter and root of bird's nest ferns allowed diverse oribatid communities to become established, and variations in size and height of the ferns may help to maintain or enhance the diversity of oribatid communities in bird's nest ferns in subtropical forests.

Monitoring protozoa and metazoa biofilm communities for assessing wastewater quality impact and reactor up-scaling effects

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fried ◽  
G. Mayr ◽  
H. Berger ◽  
W. Traunspurger ◽  
R. Psenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Biofilm Structure ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Up Scaling

The succession of biofilm communities with special emphasis on ciliates, rotifers, and nematodes was monitored for half a year and compared to different operating conditions in order to evaluate plant performance and effect of up-scaling lab scale to large scale reactors. Ciliates and metazoa are able to rapidly change their communities as a reaction to changed plant operating conditions as has been proven true by comparing lab scale and pilot scale reactors. Even slight operational changes are causing major shifts in biofilm communities. Nematodes and rotifers in lab scale and large scale reactors seem to be in competition with peritrich ciliates. In both lab scale and pilot scale systems ciliates of the subclass Peritrichia proved to be dominant and thus to play an important role in both the species composition of the biofilm biocenosis and biofilm structure. Interpretation of biocenosis composition changes for large scale reactors is much more complex than for lab scale reactors. This conflicts with up-scaling of lab scale results to full scale reactors.

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