Tree Allergen Pollen-Related Content as Pollution Source in the City of Ourense (NW Spain)

Allergies became a major public health problem, identified as an important global pandemic with a considerable impact on the worldwide economy. In addition, a higher prevalence of pollen Type I sensitization cases in urban environments in comparison with the rural territories was detected. Our survey sought to assess the main biological pollution episodes caused by the aeroallergens of the major allergenic tree species in urban environments. A Hirst-type volumetric device was used for pollen sampling and a Burkard Cyclone sampler for the detection of tree atmospheric allergens over two years. The main allergens of Alnus, Fraxinus, Betula, Platanus and Olea, were detected in the atmosphere. Three peaks of important pollen concentrations were recorded throughout the year. The developed regression equations between pollen counts and allergen proteins registered great R2 values. The number of days with probability of allergenic symptoms was higher when the pollen and allergen data were assessed altogether. Fraxinus allergens in the atmosphere were detected using Ole e 1 antibodies and the Aln g 1 allergens with Bet v 1 antibodies, demonstrating the cross-reaction processes between the principal allergenic proteins of the Oleaceae and Betulaceae families. Long Distance Transport processes (LDT) showed that pollen from Betula populations located in mountainous areas increased the secondary peaks of pollen and allergen concentrations, and air masses from extensive olive orchards of North-Eastern Portugal triggered the highest concentrations in the atmosphere of Olea pollen and Ole e 1 allergens.

Download Full-text

Transcutaneous Delivery of Immunomodulating Pollen Extract-Galactomannan Conjugate by Solid-in-Oil Nanodispersions for Pollinosis Immunotherapy

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11110563 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 563 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qingliang Kong ◽

Kouki Higasijima ◽

Rie Wakabayashi ◽

Yoshiro Tahara ◽

Momoko Kitaoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Mouse Skin ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Japanese Cedar ◽

Pollen Extract ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Type I ◽

T Helper ◽

Japanese Cedar Pollinosis

Japanese cedar pollinosis is a type I allergic disease and has already become a major public health problem in Japan. Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) cannot meet patients’ needs owing to the side effects caused by both the use of conventional whole antigen molecules in the pollen extract and the administration routes. To address these issues, a surface-modified antigen and transcutaneous administration route are introduced in this research. First, the pollen extract (PE) was conjugated to galactomannan (PE-GM) to mask immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes in the PE to avoid side effects. Second, as a safer alternative to SCIT and SLIT, transcutaneous immunotherapy (TCIT) with a solid-in-oil (S/O) nanodispersion system carrying PE-GM was proposed. Hydrophilic PE-GM was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using S/O nanodispersions, reducing the antibody secretion and modifying the type 1 T helper (Th1)/ type 2 T helper (Th2) balance in the mouse model, thereby demonstrating the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Download Full-text

The role of roots and rhizosphere in providing tolerance to toxic metals and metalloids

10.22541/au.162409686.68663241/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dorina Podar ◽

Frans J.M. Maathuis

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Long Distance ◽

Root Cells ◽

Metals And Metalloids ◽

Natural Processes ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Distance Transport

Human activity and natural processes have led to widespread dissemination of metals and metalloids, many of which are toxic and have a negative impact on agronomic production. Roots, as the first point of contact, are essential in endowing plants with tolerance to excess metal(loid) in the soil. The most important root responses include: adaptation of transport processes that affect uptake, efflux and long distance transport of metal(loid)s; metal(loid) detoxification within root cells via conjugation to thiol rich compounds and subsequent sequestration in the vacuole; plasticity in root architecture; the presence of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere that impact on metal(loid) bioavailability; the role of root exudates. In this review we will provide details on these processes and assess their relevance for the detoxification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and zinc. Furthermore, we will assess if any of these methodologies has been tested in field conditions and whether they are effective in terms of improving crop metal(loid) tolerance.

Download Full-text

Spatial differentiation of airborne arboreal pollen in Lublin (Poland)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2015.035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 333-341

Author(s):

Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska

Keyword(s):

Airborne Pollen ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Sampling Device ◽

Long Distance ◽

Pollen Monitoring ◽

Se Poland ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Arboreal Pollen ◽

Pollen Concentrations ◽

Positive Correlations

The study compared the occurrence of airborne pollen of 7 arboreal taxa (Corylus, Alnus, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Betula and Carpinus) during the period 2007–2009 from two sites in Lublin city, SE Poland. The sites differed in the character of building development and surrounding vegetation. Pollen monitoring was conducted by the volumetric method using two Hirst-type samplers. Daily and intradiurnal pollen counts were determined. For all the taxa, Spearman’s test revealed statistically significant positive correlations between daily pollen fluctuations at two sites. Nevertheless, the Mann–Whitney U-test showed differences for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Fraxinus, Populus and Corylus between sites. The intradiurnal pattern of pollen concentration was characterized by high variation. Cupressaceae/Taxaceae and Populus, clearly differed in hourly pollen concentrations at both sites. Moreover, in the case of Betula and Alnus it was shown that a part of pollen recorded in Lublin can originate from long-distance transport. High pollen concentrations can be expected at different hours of the day. The lowest average pollen concentrations at both sites were found during morning hours at 5 and 6 a.m. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that data from a single pollen-sampling device are not representative of some taxa in the particular districts of the city. Average data obtained from at least two pollen samplers could provide optimum results.

Download Full-text

Correlative Supply and Demand Functions in Lupinus havardii: A Forgotten Side of Cut Flower Physiology?

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.132.1.102 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.A. Picchioni ◽

Wayne A. Mackay ◽

Mario Valenzuela-Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Long Distance ◽

Total N ◽

Internal Resources ◽

Reproductive Tissues ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Mature Flower ◽

Sink Demand

Correlative control of long-distance transport processes consists of an attraction or mobilizing power of a sink organ coupled to internal degradative reactions in a target source organ and the reallocation of its resources. This phenomenon is widely recognized in the agronomic whole plant literature but poorly recognized in the floriculture literature. We calculated supply and demand balances for water, total dry matter (TDM), and minerals during a 6-day postharvest evaluation of the spatially diverse, detached, indeterminate inflorescence of Lupinus havardii Wats. ‘Texas Sapphire’ held in deionized water. The apex approximately doubled its original (harvest day) amounts of total N, P, K, Mg, and S and increased its TDM and water content by 55% and 85%, respectively, all at the expense of lower-most mature flowers. Net export from the lower mature flower fraction and, when applicable, upper mature flowers, accounted for the following apical gains: 46% of TDM, 102% of water, 100% of N, 94% of P, 99% of K, and 54% of Mg and S. Directed reallocation of resources from the senescing lower mature flowers (the main “target”) to the apical sink (the “mobilizing center”) bore a marked resemblance to the coupling of remote sink demand with vegetative decline reported in monocarpic plants (i.e., vegetative-to-reproductive exchanges), but with two distinguishing characteristics: 1) the TDM and mineral exchanges were strongly restricted to flowering units, and 2) the contributions of water, N, P, and K exports to apical sink demand were at or near 100%. This article is the first that we are aware to provide an internal supply and demand balance sheet reflecting, quantitatively, the postharvest reallocation of internal resources from mature reproductive tissues to generative reproductive tissues of a cut inflorescence.

Download Full-text

Modern and Holocene Pollen Assemblages from Some Small Arctic Lakes on Somerset Island, NWT, Canada

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1006/qres.1995.1067 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 228-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Konrad Gajewski

Keyword(s):

Initial Period ◽

High Arctic ◽

Arctic Lakes ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Past ◽

Modern Pollen ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Pollen Concentrations ◽

Somerset Island

AbstractModern pollen samples from 15 lakes along a north-south transect on western Somerset Island, NWT, Canada, show a decrease in pollen concentrations from the high arctic to the mid-arctic zone, but there are few differences in the pollen percentages between these sites. Long-distance transport accounts for up to 50% of the pollen in these lake sediments. Cores from two lakes show few changes in the percentages of important pollen types, except for an initial period, before 6000 yr B.P., of increased Salix. The pollen concentration of lake RS36 from the mid-arctic is twice that of lake RS29 from the high arctic, and at both sites the concentrations decreased during the past 6000 yr B.P. This suggests a climatic deterioration during the past 6000 yr which has caused a decrease in the abundance of plants on the landscape.

Download Full-text

High Ambrosia pollen concentrations in Poland respecting the long distance transport (LDT)

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 736 ◽

pp. 139615

Author(s):

Danuta Stępalska ◽

Dorota Myszkowska ◽

Katarzyna Piotrowicz ◽

Katarzyna Kluska ◽

Kazimiera Chłopek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Distance ◽

Ambrosia Pollen ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Pollen Concentrations ◽

Distance Transport

Download Full-text

Number of manic episodes is associated with elevated DNA oxidation in bipolar I disorder

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1017/s1461145713000047 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1505-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Márcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza ◽

Ana C. Andreazza ◽

Andre F. Carvalho ◽

Rodrigo Machado-Vieira ◽

L. Trevor Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Global Methylation ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Dna Oxidative Damage ◽

Potential Marker

Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major public health problem characterized by progressive functional impairment. A number of clinical variables have been associated with progression of the disease, most notably number of affective episodes and presence of psychotic symptoms, both of which correlate with greater cognitive impairment, lower response rates for lithium, and possibly lower levels of neurotrophic factors. Oxidative damage to cytosine and guanosine (8-OHdG) has been described as a modulator of DNA methylation, but the extent of DNA oxidative damage involvement in BD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of DNA oxidative damage to 8-OHdG and 5-methylcytosine (5-HMec), as well as global methylation (5-Mec), in BD patients and healthy controls. Potential association with clinical variables was also investigated. DNA levels of 8-OHdG, 5-HMec and 5-Mec were measured in 50 BD type I patients and 50 healthy controls. DNA 8-OHdG levels were higher in BD patients compared to healthy controls and found to be positively influenced by number of previous manic episodes. BD subjects had lower levels of 5-HMec compared to controls, whereas this measure was not influenced by the clinical features of BD. Number of manic episodes was correlated with higher levels of 8-OHdG, but not of 5-Mec or 5-HMec. Lower demethylation activity (5-HMec) but no difference in global 5-Mec levels was observed in BD. This finding suggests that oxidative damage to 8-OHdG might be a potential marker of disease progression, although further prospective cross-sectional studies to confirm neuroprogression in BD are warranted.

Download Full-text

Scavenger receptor class B type I and the hypervariable region-1 of hepatitis C virus in cell entry and neutralisation

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1462399411001785 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Viet Loan Dao Thi ◽

Marlène Dreux ◽

François-Loïc Cosset

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cell Entry ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Type I ◽

Viral Attachment ◽

Scavenger Receptor Class ◽

Class B

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Viral attachment and entry – the first encounter of the virus with the host cell – are major targets of neutralising immune responses. Thus, a detailed understanding of the HCV entry process offers interesting opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Different cellular or soluble host factors mediate HCV entry, and considerable progress has been made in recent years to decipher how they induce HCV attachment, internalisation and membrane fusion. Among these factors, the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI/SCARB1) is essential for HCV replication in vitro, through its interaction with the HCV E1E2 surface glycoproteins and, more particularly, the HVR1 segment located in the E2 protein. SR-BI is an interesting receptor because HCV, whose replication cycle intersects with lipoprotein metabolism, seems to exploit some aspects of its physiological functions, such as cholesterol transfer from high-density lipoprotein (HDL), during cell entry. SR-BI is also involved in neutralisation attenuation and therefore could be an important target for therapeutic intervention. Recent results suggest that it should be possible to identify inhibitors of the interaction of HCV with SR-BI that do not impair its important physiological properties, as discussed in this review.

Download Full-text

The phenology of flowering and fluctuations of airborne pollen concentrations of selected trees in Poznań, 2003-2004

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.031 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alicja Stach ◽

Magdalena Kluza-Wieloch ◽

Alicja Zientarska

Keyword(s):

Airborne Pollen ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Early Spring ◽

Long Distance ◽

Salix Caprea ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Pollen Concentrations ◽

Beginning Of Flowering ◽

Specific Species ◽

Distance Transport

The aim of the study was to describe the relationships between the flowering phase of selected tree species, whose pollen is known to be allergenic, and fluctuations in the pollen in the air, and to use results obtained for making allergological forecasts. Studies were conducted of five tree taxa: Populus, Ulmus, Salix, Aesculus, and Tilia, in the years 2003-2004. Aeropalinological analyses concerned the above mentioned genera, while in phenological studies specific species were investigated, i.e. the most common representatives of a given genus found in Poland, that is Populus wilsonii, Ulmus laevis Pall. C. K.Schneid., Salix caprea L., Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Tilia cordata Mill. Aerobiological monitoring was performed using a the volumetric method and phenological observations of flowering phases were made according to the Łukasiewicz method. While observing the emergence of individual phenological symptoms and measurements of the concentration of pollen of the investigated taxa in the air of Poznań, a distinct acceleration was observed in 2004, a year that was characterized by a milder winter. This applied not only to the species blooming in early spring, but also to the later ones. Pollen grains of the investigated taxa, except for Aesculus, appeared earlier in aeropalinological observations than the macroscopically observed beginning of flowering in selected trees. Apart from a poplar, the end of flowering in the other trees occurred each year earlier than would follow from the aerobiological observations. This may be explained by the abundance of species within a taxon, and the effect of medium - and long-distance transport.

Download Full-text

Research on dependence of fuel consumption on cargo weight in long-distance transport

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-3-264-273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 264-273

Author(s):

Kh. Kh. Khabibullozoda ◽

N. K. Goriaev

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Long Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Monitoring Devices ◽

Distance Transport

Introduction. The current methodology for fuel consumption accounting in road vehicles has not been changed in terms of its quality for a long time. In the majority of transport enterprises of the Cheliabinsk Region, official methods for the regulation of fuel consumption are not used, which indicates the need to improve the fuel consumption accounting standards. The most significant differences between standardized and real consumption are related to transport work.Purpose of the experiment. The article aims to carry out a statistical analysis of the influence of cargo weight on fuel consumption in long-distance transport.Results of the experiment. In order to identify the dependence of cargo weight on fuel consumption in longdistance transport, a study is conducted on the statistical data on the operation of truck tractors at OOO Alliance Auto, one of the largest long-distance road carriers in the Cheliabinsk Region. The study is conducted on MercedesBenz Actros-1840 truck tractors equipped with fuel consumption monitoring devices and devices for determining axle loads. The cargo weigh is determined by subtracting the curb weight from the actual one according to the axle load data. Data on the values of the actual cargo weight and fuel consumption for each trip are recorded using the Fleet Board software and hardware complex; Excel and STATISTICA programs are used to calculate and construct the necessary graphs and regression equations. The statistical analysis performed makes it possible to establish the nature and indicators of the dependence of fuel consumption on cargo weight in long-distance transport. As a result, the relationship between the flow rate and the cargo weight is established; a confidence test is performed; and a regression equation is obtained.Conclusion. Analysis of the collected data shows that the dependence of fuel consumption for transport work by road trains with truck tractors Mercedes-Benz Actros-1840 on the cargo weight for the Russian operating conditions in long-distance transport is linear and amounts to 0.39 liters per 100 km for each ton of transported cargo.

Download Full-text