scholarly journals Reduced Lignin Decomposition and Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Stability by Acid Rain: Evidence from 13C Isotope and 13C NMR Analyses

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Dafeng Hui ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the emissions of air pollutants, acid rain in southern China poses a great threat to terrestrial ecosystems. However, its influences on ecological processes such as litter decomposition and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation are still not clear. The aim of this study was to understand the potential mechanisms of carbon sequestration change in response to long-term acid rain in a subtropical forest. A field experiment with simulated acid rain (SAR) treatment was conducted in a monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest in southern China. Four levels of SAR treatment were implemented by irrigating the plots with water of different pH values (4.5 as a control, 4.0, 3.5, and 3.0). The results showed that the concentration of SOC and recalcitrant index for the SAR pH = 3.0 treatment were significantly higher compared to the control. Lignin fractions in litter residue layers were significantly increased, while soil microbial biomass carbon and soil ligninolytic enzyme activities were reduced under the SAR treatment. The concentration of SOC and recalcitrant index had positive relationships with the litter residue lignin fraction, but negative relationships with soil ligninolytic enzyme activity. These findings indicate that soil carbon accumulation could be enhanced with more stable lignin input under prolonged acid rain in forest ecosystems in southern China.

Prolonged acid rain facilitates soil organic carbon accumulation in a mature forest in Southern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Guohua Liang ◽  
Dafeng Hui ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Mature Forest

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in rice paddies under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments in southern China – VI. Changes in microbial community structure and respiratory activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1529-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
L. Li ◽  
G. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Biological stabilization within accumulated soil organic carbon (SOC) has not been well understood, while its role in physical and chemical protection as well as of chemical recalcitrance had been addressed in Chinese rice paddies. In this study, topsoil samples were collected and respiratory activity measured in situ following rice harvest under different fertilization treatments of three long-term experimental sites across southern China in 2009. The SOC contents, microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) were analysed using chemical digestion and microbial community structure assessment via clony dilute plate counting methods. While SOC contents were consistently higher under compound chemical fertilization (Comp-Fert) or combined organic and inorganic fertilization (Comb-Fert) compared to N fertilization only (N-Fert), there was significantly higher fungal-bacterial ratio under Comb-Fert than under N-Fert and Comp-Fert. When subtracting the background effect under no fertilization treatment (Non-Fert), the increase both in SMBC and SMBN under fertilization treatment was found very significantly correlated to the increase in SOC over controls across the sites. Also, the ratio of culturable fungal to bacterial population numbers (F/B ratio) was well correlated with soil organic carbon contents in all samples across the sites studied. SOC accumulation favoured a build-up the microbial community with increasing fungal dominance in the rice paddies under fertilization treatments. While soil respiration rates were high under Comb-Fert as a result of enhanced microbial community build-up, the specific soil respiratory activity based on microbial biomass carbon was found in a significantly negatively correlation with the SOC contents for overall samples. Thus, a fungal-dominated microbial community seemed to slow SOC turnover, thereby favouring SOC accumulation under Comp-Fert or under Comb-Fert in the rice paddies. Therefore, the biological stabilization process is of importance in SOC sequestration in the rice paddies, operating with physical and chemical protection and chemical recalcitrance. However, sufficient understanding and prediction of SOM dynamics needs further quantitative characterization of the simultaneous operation of several mechanisms.

scholarly journals Linkage of microbial living communities and residues to soil organic carbon accumulation along a forest restoration gradient in southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Ying-Ping Wang ◽  
Ji Chen ◽  
Mengxiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Abstract Background Forest restoration has been considered an effective method to increase soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas it remains unclear whether long-term forest restoration will continuously increase SOC. Such large uncertainties may be mainly due to the limited knowledge on how soil microorganisms will contribute to SOC accumulation over time. Methods We simultaneously documented SOC, total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and amino sugars (AS) content across a forest restoration gradient with average stand ages of 14, 49, 70, and > 90 years in southern China. Results The SOC and AS continuously increased with stand age. The ratio of fungal PLFAs to bacterial PLFAs showed no change with stand age, while the ratio of fungal AS to bacterial AS significantly increased. The total microbial residue-carbon (AS-C) accounted for 0.95–1.66 % in SOC across all forest restoration stages, with significantly higher in fungal residue-C (0.68–1.19 %) than bacterial residue-C (0.05–0.11 %). Furthermore, the contribution of total AS-C to SOC was positively correlated with clay content at 0–10 cm soil layer but negatively related to clay content at 10–20 cm soil layer. Conclusions These findings highlight the significant contribution of AS-C to SOC accumulation along forest restoration stages, with divergent contributions from fungal residues and bacterial residues. Soil clay content with stand age significantly affects the divergent contributions of AS-C to SOC at two different soil layers.

Effect of a urea and urease/nitrification inhibitor combination on rice straw hydrolysis and nutrient turnover on rice growth

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3059-3074
Author(s):  
Chunxiao Yu ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Lijie Yang ◽  
Wei Bai ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ground Biomass

Stabilized fertilizers that contain nitrification inhibitors and/or urease inhibitors are widely used in China. A pot experiment was conducted to analyze soil enzymatic characteristics related to carbon and nitrogen turnover and metabolism under the use of rice straw and stabilized fertilizer. Results showed that stabilized fertilizer exhibited the highest yield production, panicle numbers, and above-ground biomass. Compared with urea treatment with straw, adding inhibitors reduced soil organic carbon and the enzyme activity related to acquisition of carbon, but increased soil organic carbon accumulation, rice yield, and above-ground biomass. Stabilized fertilizer increased protease activity; however, it decreased N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide. Addition of straw significantly increased dissolved organic and microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen, as well as the enzyme activities of α-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-N-acetyl-glucosidase, and cellulase at the seedling and tillering stages. The principal components analysis showed that the synthesis of extracellular enzyme related to carbon and nitrogen acquiring act as a proxy for straw decomposing under nitrogen conditions. The combination delayed the release of ammonia, which affected the carbon and nitrogen coupling by microbial organisms. These results demonstrated a relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and soil enzymes in different fertilization management.

scholarly journals Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Qingxu Ma ◽  
Jiahui Liao ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Fractions

Abstract Background Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants. Methods A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed. Results The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer. Conclusions The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.

scholarly journals Importance of suberin biopolymer in plant function, contributions to soil organic carbon and in the production of bio-derived energy and materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Harman-Ware ◽  
Samuel Sparks ◽  
Bennett Addison ◽  
Udaya C. Kalluri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
System Management ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractSuberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer of significance in the production of biomass-derived materials and in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we describe suberin structure and biosynthesis, and its importance in biological (i.e., plant bark and roots), ecological (soil organic carbon) and economic (biomass conversion to bioproducts) contexts. Furthermore, we highlight the genomics and analytical approaches currently available and explore opportunities for future technologies to study suberin in quantitative and/or high-throughput platforms in bioenergy crops. A greater understanding of suberin structure and production in lignocellulosic biomass can be leveraged to improve representation in life cycle analysis and techno-economic analysis models and enable performance improvements in plant biosystems as well as informed crop system management to achieve economic and environmental co-benefits.

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