scholarly journals Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Kersti Leppä ◽  
Leena Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Network Maintenance ◽  
Potassium Supply

Drainage is an essential prerequisite in peatland forest management, which generally, but not always, increases stand growth. Growth response depends on weather conditions, stand and site characteristics, management and biogeochemical processes. We constructed a SUSI-simulator (SUoSImulaattori, in Finnish), which describes hydrology, stand growth and nutrient availability under different management, site types and weather conditions. In the model development and sensitivity analysis, we used water table (WT) and stand growth data from 11 Scots pine stands. The simulator was validated against a larger dataset collected from boreal drained peatlands in Finland. In validation, SUSI was shown to predict WT and stand growth well. Stand growth was mainly limited by inadequate potassium supply, and in Sphagnum peats by low oxygen availability. Model application was demonstrated for ditch network maintenance (DNM) by comparing stand growth with shallow (−0.3 m) and deep ditches (−0.9 m): The growth responses varied between 0.5 and 3.5 m3 ha−1 in five years, which is comparable to experimental results. SUSI can promote sustainable peatland management and help in avoiding unnecessary drainage operations and associated environmental effects, such as increased carbon emissions, peat subsidence, and nutrient leaching. The source code is publicly available, and the modular structure allows model extension to cost–benefit analyses and nutrient export to water courses.

Causal links between drainage and forest growth response in boreal peatlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Stenberg Leena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Management Schemes

<p>Drainage is considered as an essential pre-requisite in management of peatland forests, and it generally increases stand growth. So far, the primary reasons behind the growth response are not fully understood. The explanation must be linked to direct or indirect growth factors, such as the supply of radiation, water, oxygen, and nutrients. Applying an empirical dataset consisting of 18 drained Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) stands we constructed a causal network linking meteorology and climate variables, site and stand properties, organic matter decomposition, growth regulating factors and biomass growth. The network was analysed using piecewise structural equation models (SEM). The SEM analysis indicated that the stand growth response to drainage is mainly caused by increased supply of nutrients, especially potassium.  Based on this causal model, we constructed a dynamic simulation model called Peatland simulator SUSI. SUSI describes hydrology, stand growth, site carbon balance and stand nutrient supply and demand under different management schemes and under different site types and weather conditions. The simulator was tested against a large independent dataset consisting of 69 stands and 207 plots. SUSI was parameterized according to measured stand and site data and run using daily meteorological data. The simulation revealed that SUSI can predict five-year volume growth of the stand with good accuracy. Because SUSI links the drainage and the growth response in a process level, the model facilitates cost-benefit analyses of the drainage, helps in avoiding unnecessary drainage operations and their adverse environmental effects such as increased carbon emissions, peat subsidence and nutrient leaching. Thus, it can guide in the search for optional, more acceptable management schemes for drained forested peatlands.</p>

The effect of humidity, root excision, and potassium supply on hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings of Helianthus annuus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre ◽  
John S. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Root Excision ◽  
Growing Region

When seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. were grown in the dark with their roots in vermiculite saturated with distilled water the rate of elongation of the hypocotyl was significantly increased by increasing the relative humidity around the shoot from approximately 25 to 100%. This response was correlated with a reduction in transpiration rate of approximately 95% and with increases in the water potential and cell turgor in the growing region. Measurements with a transducer revealed very rapid growth responses to changes in humidity, usually preceded by a variable period of growth oscillations. Excision of the roots, either in water or in air, induced an immediate increase in rate of elongation at low humidity, but at high humidity this response was delayed and markedly reduced. The growth rate was significantly increased by supplying 10 mM KCl to the roots at both high and low humidity. The response to K was slower than the response to humidity and was correlated with a significant reduction in the osmotic potential of the growing region. A growth response was first detected approximately 45 min after the application of K to the roots and 10 min after application to the shoot. These results arc consistent with the hypothesis that, in the intact plant, stem elongation is largely controlled by the interacting effects on cell turgor of transpiration-induced negative pressure potential in the apoplast and the osmotic potential of the growing cells.

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

scholarly journals Data-driven multiscale modeling reveals the role of metabolic coupling for the spatio-temporal growth dynamics of yeast colonies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Intosalmi ◽  
Adrian C. Scott ◽  
Michelle Hays ◽  
Nicholas Flann ◽  
Olli Yli-Harja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Metabolic Coupling

AbstractMotivationMulticellular entities, such as mammalian tissues or microbial biofilms, typically exhibit complex spatial arrangements that are adapted to their specific functions or environments. These structures result from intercellular signaling as well as from the interaction with the environment that allow cells of the same genotype to differentiate into well-organized communities of diversified cells. Despite its importance, our understanding on how cell–cell and metabolic coupling produce functionally optimized structures is still limited.ResultsHere, we present a data-driven spatial framework to computationally investigate the development of one multicellular structure, yeast colonies. Using experimental growth data from homogeneous liquid media conditions, we develop and parameterize a dynamic cell state and growth model. We then use the resulting model in a coarse-grained spatial model, which we calibrate using experimental time-course data of colony growth. Throughout the model development process, we use state-of-the-art statistical techniques to handle the uncertainty of model structure and parameterization. Further, we validate the model predictions against independent experimental data and illustrate how metabolic coupling plays a central role in colony formation.AvailabilityExperimental data and a computational implementation to reproduce the results are available athttp://research.cs.aalto.fi/csb/software/multiscale/[email protected],[email protected]

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

Spatio-temporal effects of vegetated windbreaks on wind erosion and microclimate as basis for model development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Simon Scheper ◽  
Nathan King ◽  
Karl Gartner ◽  
Barbara Kitzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Regional Modelling ◽  
Erosion Rates

<p>Wind erosion of arable soil is considered a risk factor for Austrian fields, but direct measurements of soil loss are not available until now. Despite this uncertainty, vegetated windbreaks have been established to minimize adverse wind impacts on arable land. The study addresses these questions: i) How relevant is wind erosion as a factor of soil degradation? ii) How important is the protective effect of vegetated windbreaks? iii) Are systematic patterns of spatial and temporal variability of wind erosion rates detectable in response to weather conditions? </p><p>Two experimental fields adjacent to windbreaks were equipped with sediment traps, soil moisture sensors, and meteorological measurement equipment for microclimatic patterns. Sediment traps were arranged in high spatial resolution from next to the windbreak to a distance of ten times the windbreak height. Beginning in January 2020, the amount of trapped sediment was analyzed every three weeks. The highest wind erosion rates on bare soil were observed in June and July. For unprotected fields with bare soil, upscaled annual erosion rates were as high as 0.8 tons per hectare, and sediment trapped increased in a linear fashion with distance from the windbreak. Soil water content near the surface (5 cm depth) was three percent higher at a distance of two times the height of the windbreak than at a distance of six times the height. For the same respective distances from the windbreak, we observed 29 days of soil water contents below the wilting point compared with 60 days.</p><p>The preliminary outcomes confirmed the expected effects of windbreaks on soil erosion and microclimate in agricultural fields. Prospective results from multiple vegetation periods will be used in an upscaling approach to gain informations for the whole basin. That is meant to be done by a combination with a soil wind erosion model which was so far used for regional modelling of wind erosion susceptibility.</p>

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

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