scholarly journals Geographical Structuring of Quercus robur (L.) Chloroplast DNA Haplotypes in Lithuania: Recolonization, Adaptation, or Overexploitation Effects?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Darius Danusevičius ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Jurata Buchovska ◽  
Rūta Kembrytė
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
P Value ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Differentiation Index ◽  
High Diversity

We studied the maternally inherited chloroplast DNA polymorphism at three microsatellite loci of 157 Quercus robur trees from 38 native populations in Lithuania. We found high diversity of eight haplotypes from the Balkan lineage A (frequency 0.75) and the “German” subbranch of the Balkan lineage A (freq. 0.12), western and eastern Italian lineages C (freq. 0.05 and 0.06, respectively), and Iberian lineage B (freq. 0.03). The haplotypes were geographically well structured (among population differentiation index PhiPT = 0.30, the p-value < 0.001) that is unexpected for such a small territory as Lithuania. We raised a hypothesis on historical overexploitation of oaks by eliminating certain haplotypes in Lithuania, following a drastic felling of oak forests over the last few centuries.

Potenzielle Eichenwuchsgebiete und aktuelle Eichenmischwälder der Schweiz | Potential oak sites and actual mixed oak forests in Switzerland

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Urs Mühlethaler ◽  
Yvonne Reisner ◽  
Nele Rogiers
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Area ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ◽  
Evaluation Matrix ◽  
Common Oak

On behalf of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Swiss College for Agriculture established the basis to foster oak species in Switzerland. For this, the growth areas of three oak species, common oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Q. petraea) and pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) were assessed throughout the entire country. The assessment was based on their physiological potential, their natural growth area and on the appearance of the middle spotted woodpecker. In addition, the older mixed oak stands were surveyed. These fundamental data were collected with a geographical information system and analyzed for each canton. Altogether, approximately one-fourth of the Swiss forest area is suitable for oak. The natural oak growth area covers however 38 500 ha only. About 19 000 ha of forest are populated by the middle spotted woodpecker and extended older mixed oak forests are found on approximately 24 500 ha. According to the applied evaluation matrix, the greatest potential for fostering oak species lies in eight cantons: Aargau, Zürich, Solothurn, Thurgau, Vaud, BaselLandschaft, Ticino and Schaffhausen.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Belarus according to the analysis of chloroplast DNA

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Padutov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
The Republic

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the main forest forming species in the Republic of Belarus. Its population genetic structure was formed under the influence of various migration processes. Six chloroplast DNA loci (µdt1, µdt3, µdt4, µcd4, µcd5 and µkk4) were used for the genogeographic study. The material for the analysis was collected in 100 oak forest stands (2325 samples); 18 allelic variants were identified, which are grouped into 17 different combinations (haplotypes). Five of them are widespread (the proportion of occurrence varies from 7 to 48 %, totalling 85 %). The remaining 12 are rare (the proportion of occurrence varies from 1 to 3 %, totalling 15 %). Phylogenetic trees constructed using the nearest neighbour and maximum likelihood methods show the presence of two groups (branches) of haplotypes. One of it comprises 8 variants including 2 dominant haplotypes and the other comprises 9 variants including 3 dominant haplotypes. PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that the pedunculate oak in Belarus originates from the Balkan refugium. Haplotype No. 1 (µdt189, µdt3123, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) is found almost everywhere in Belarus with the exception of the southwest and northeast, while haplotype No. 8 (µdt189, µdt3121, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) is mainly localised in the southwest and northeast. Haplotypes No. 3 (µdt189, µdt3120, µdt4141, µcd494, µcd575, µkk4109) and No. 7 (µdt189, µdt3122, µdt4142, µcd494, µcd574, µkk4109) predominantly found in the west of the country. Haplotype No. 2 (µdt190, µdt3120, µdt4141, µcd495, µcd574, µkk4109) is typical for the southeast.

scholarly journals The most significant fungi: Agents of wood decay in oak forests of Serbia

2007 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Tanja Milijasevic ◽  
Dragan Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Lignicolous Fungi ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Turkey Oak ◽  
Common Oak ◽  
Eleven Species

The most widely distributed oak species in Serbia are Q. petrea (sessile oak), Q. cerris (Turkey oak) and Q. frainetto (Hungarian oak) and Quercus robur (common oak), and lignicolous fungi are the major agents of wood decay in natural and coppice oak forests. In this research, 33 species of fungi were identified. Eleven species were described, among which the most significant are: Armillaria mellea, Fomes fomentarius, Hypoxylon deustum Laetiporus sulphureus, Lenzites quercina and Phellinus robustus. This paper presents the morphological characteristics of the most significant identified fungi, their distribution, host plants and significance.

scholarly journals High diversity in Delta variant across countries revealed via genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the Spike protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritha Ghosh ◽  
Rohit Suratekar ◽  
Michiel J.M. Niesen ◽  
Praveen Anand ◽  
Gregory Donadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
High Diversity

The highly contagious Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as the new dominant global strain, and reports of reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Delta variant are highly concerning. While there has been extensive focus on understanding the amino acid mutations in the Delta variant's Spike protein, the mutational landscape of the rest of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome (25 proteins) remains poorly understood. To this end, we performed a systematic analysis of mutations in all the SARS-CoV-2 proteins from nearly 2 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 176 countries/territories. Six highly-prevalent missense mutations in the viral life cycle-associated Membrane (I82T), Nucleocapsid (R203M, D377Y), NS3 (S26L), and NS7a (V82A, T120I) proteins are almost exclusive to the Delta variant compared to other variants of concern (mean prevalence across genomes: Delta = 99.74%, Alpha = 0.06%, Beta = 0.09%, Gamma = 0.22%). Furthermore, we find that the Delta variant harbors a more diverse repertoire of mutations across countries compared to the previously dominant Alpha variant (cosine similarity: meanAlpha = 0.94, S.D.Alpha = 0.05; meanDelta = 0.86, S.D.Delta = 0.1; Cohen's dAlpha-Delta = 1.17, p-value < 0.001). Overall, our study underscores the high diversity of the Delta variant between countries and identifies a list of targetable amino acid mutations in the Delta variant's proteome for probing the mechanistic basis of pathogenic features such as high viral loads, high transmissibility, and reduced susceptibility against neutralization by vaccines.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Quercus robur L. leaf in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-541
Author(s):  
Branislava Batos ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability

This paper presents the results of a study dealing with leaf morphological variability of Quercus robur L. 148 trees were sampled from 5 population across Serbia and 17 morphological traits were assessed. Interpopulation variability was confirmed by the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A statistically significant (p <0.05) effect of population was obtained for most of the studied morphological characters. Intrapopulation variability was confirmed by statistically significant tree effects for all of the studied leaf characters (all p < 0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) confirmed a significant population and tree share in the total phenotypic variability (all p <0.05). By applying the canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), the first discriminant function accounted for 63% of the variability between populations and the second accounted for 20% of the population variability. The leaf area (AREA), specific leaf area (SLA) and surface area to perimeter ratio (ARPE) had the greatest effect on population differentiation (CDA). It is assumed that different environmental conditions affect population differentiation and that high intrapopulation variability is due to intraspecific variability.

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