scholarly journals The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
Ewa Surówka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Ash

Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.

Variability in Breeding Pool of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for Yield, Quality and Resistance to Different Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors

Sugar Tech ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
A. Anna Durai ◽  
M. N. Premachandran ◽  
P. Govindaraj ◽  
P. Malathi ◽  
R. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Breeding Pool

scholarly journals Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Physiological Traits of Sugarcane Varieties

10.5772/55255 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Germani Conceno ◽  
Evander A. ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazu ◽  
Alexandre F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

scholarly journals Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals—Discovering a Terra Incognita

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Klaudia Sychta ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
Elżbieta Kuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Terra Incognita

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.

New variety of Karlybas volzhski melilot for fodder production in northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Parsaev ◽  
Nadezhda Filippova ◽  
Tat'yana Kobernickaya ◽  
Viktor Ostrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Fodder Production

The article presents the characteristics of a new variety of Volzhsky melilot by morphological and biological characteristics, productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.

Current advances in the investigation of leaf rolling caused by biotic and abiotic stress factors

Plant Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Kadioglu ◽  
Rabiye Terzi ◽  
Neslihan Saruhan ◽  
Aykut Saglam
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

scholarly journals Distribution of Wild and Cultivated Grapes in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H UZUN ◽  
Arzu BAYIR
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Turkey is one of main gene centers in the world for grapes. It is believed that cultivated grapes have their origins in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris is the only wild grape species in this region. That is why Turkey has a very large amount of wild grapevine populations and grape cultivars which offer to grapevine breeders a valuable gene pool. Wild grapevines have significant characters for inducing the resistence to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as resistance to lime, drought, pests and diseases. Turkey has over 1.600 local grape cultivars, among which the majority of them are conserved at the national grape collection vineyard in Tekirda?. They are mostly used as table grapes, dried grapes or for local consumptions. Wild grapes are distributed all over the country territory, mainly in the river basins and forests. Wild grape collection vineyards were established at some universities in Turkey. These grapevines will be screened for the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.

scholarly journals The Threat of the Combined Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors in Forestry Under a Changing Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissew Tesfaye Teshome ◽  
Godfrey Elijah Zharare ◽  
Sanushka Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Combined Stresses

Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates the adverse effects of combined stresses and increases such losses. Trees suffer even more from the recurrence of biotic and abiotic stress combinations owing to their long lifecycle. Despite the effort to study the damage from individual stress factors, less attention has been given to the effect of the complex interactions between multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we assess the importance, impact, and mitigation strategies of climate change driven interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses in forestry. The ecological and economic importance of biotic and abiotic stresses under different combinations is highlighted by their contribution to the decline of the global forest area through their direct and indirect roles in forest loss and to the decline of biodiversity resulting from local extinction of endangered species of trees, emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds, and reduction in the productivity and quality of forest products and services. The abiotic stress factors such as high temperature and drought increase forest disease and insect pest outbreaks, decrease the growth of trees, and cause tree mortality. Reports of massive tree mortality events caused by “hotter droughts” are increasing all over the world, affecting several genera of trees including some of the most important genera in plantation forests, such as Pine, Poplar, and Eucalyptus. While the biotic stress factors such as insect pests, pathogens, and parasitic plants have been reported to be associated with many of these mortality events, a considerable number of the reports have not taken into account the contribution of such biotic factors. The available mitigation strategies also tend to undermine the interactive effect under combined stresses. Thus, this discussion centers on mitigation strategies based on research and innovation, which build on models previously used to curb individual stresses.

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