scholarly journals Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Press-Mud: Assessment of the Fermentation Conditions to Reduce Fusel Alcohol

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nestor Sanchez ◽  
Martha Cobo ◽  
David Rodriguez-Fontalvo ◽  
Miguel Uribe-Laverde ◽  
Ruth Ruiz-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Fusel Alcohol ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Do So

Within a biorefinery context, bioethanol is a promising platform molecule since it can be used as raw material to produce a wide spectrum of valuable industrial products such as H2 and light olefins. However, the presence of impurities limits the conversion of bioethanol in these products. Herein, we aimed to determine the proper pretreatment and fermentation conditions to yield bioethanol with a low content of impurities, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, by using sugarcane press-mud as feedstock. To do so, a BoxBehnken methodology was employed to select proper pretreatment and fermentation conditions. Factors assessed were temperature, stirring, and pH during fermentation of hydrolysates coming from two different pretreatment methods named as hydrothermal and acid hydrolysis. Results showed that the fermentation temperature should be kept between 26–30 °C to assure at least 91 g/L ethanol. The fusel alcohol content would be reduced by 22% at 30 °C, pH = 4.5, and 200 rpm if sugarcane press-mud is pretreated under acid hydrolysis conditions (T = 130 °C, t = 1 h, 16 g HNO3/kg solid). Further studies should aim to integrate these conditions within a biorefinery concept to yield valuable products such as H2 and ethylene.

A Review of Developments in the Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Wastes

1987 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Anderson ◽  
A Porteous
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Product Separation ◽  
Cellulosic Waste ◽  
Alcohol Recovery ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Complete Process

The acid hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes has attracted the attention of many research workers around the world, especially in the last decade. This high temperature and pressure process results in the production of sugars which may be fermented to ethanol. By virtue of their cellulosic content, agricultural, industrial and municipal solid wastes may all be processed by acid hydrolysis with an end result of waste disposal and recycling/recovery of important energy sources. The complete process of the conversion of a cellulosic waste through to the end product and by-product utilization has to give due consideration to likely technologies. Some essential problems that have to be tackled are raw material storage, availability and preparation, the optimum acid hydrolysis and fermentation conditions and product separation methods. This paper is a review of the research that is taking place not only in the field of acid hydrolysis but also in the types of waste used, the concentration of the product sugars, the optimization of the fermentation conditions and the use of low-energy alcohol recovery methods to replace conventional distillation. Most research is at bench scale level with some pilot plants being reported. Also included is the authors' current work using a continuous reactor for the hydrolysis of newsprint.

scholarly journals Tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia: three industrial crops for energy and hemicelluloses production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Palma ◽  
Javier Mauricio Loaiza ◽  
Manuel J. Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos García ◽  
Inmaculada Giráldez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Of Combustion ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Chamaecytisus Proliferus

Abstract Background Burning fast-growing trees for energy production can be an effective alternative to coal combustion. Thus, lignocellulosic material, which can be used to obtain chemicals with a high added value, is highly abundant, easily renewed and usually inexpensive. In this work, hemicellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis of plant biomass from three different crops (Chamaecytisus proliferus, Leucaena diversifolia and Paulownia trihybrid) was modelled and the resulting solid residues were used for energy production. Results The influence of the nature of the lignocellulosic raw material and the operating conditions used to extract the hemicellulose fraction on the heat capacity and activation energy of the subsequent combustion process was examined. The heat power and the activation energy of the combustion process were found to depend markedly on the hemicellulose content of the raw material. Thus, a low content in hemicelluloses resulted in a lower increased energy yield after acid hydrolysis stage. The process was also influenced by the operating conditions of the acid hydrolysis treatment, which increased the gross calorific value (GCV) of the solid residue by 0.6–9.7% relative to the starting material. In addition, the activation energy of combustion of the acid hydrolysis residues from Chamaecytisus proliferus (Tagasaste) and Paulownia trihybrid (Paulownia) was considerably lower than that for the starting materials, the difference increasing with increasing degree of conversion as well as with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis. The activation energy of combustion of the solid residues from acid hydrolysis of tagasaste and paulownia decreased markedly with increasing degree of conversion, and also with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis treatment. No similar trend was observed in Leucaena diversifolia (Leucaena) owing to its low content in hemicelluloses. Conclusions Acid hydrolysis of tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia provided a valorizable liquor containing a large amount of hemicelluloses and a solid residue with an increased heat power amenable to efficient valorization by combustion. There are many potential applications of the hemicelluloses-rich and lignin-rich fraction, for example as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing, for energy and other value-added chemicals.

The impact of acid hydrolysis conditions on carbohydrate determination in lignocellulosic materials: a case study with Eucalyptus globulus bark

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Santos ◽  
Maria J. Mota ◽  
Susana R. Pereira ◽  
Pedro C. Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eucalyptus Bark

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass represents a suitable feedstock for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Its chemical composition depends on many aspects (e.g. plant source, pre-processing) and it has impact on productivity of industrial bioprocesses. Numerous methodologies can be applied for biomass characterisation, with acid hydrolysis being a particularly relevant step. This study intended to assess the most suitable procedures for acid hydrolysis, taking Eucalyptus globulus bark as a case study. For that purpose, variation of temperature (90–120 °C) was evaluated over time (0–5 h), through monosaccharides and oligosaccharides contents and degradation. For glucose, the optimal conditions were 100 °C for 2.5 h, reaching a content of 48.6 wt.%. For xylose, the highest content (15.2 wt.%) was achieved at 90 °C for 2 h, or 120 °C for 0.5 h. Maximum concentrations of mannose and galactose (1.0 and 1.7 wt.%, respectively) were achieved at 90 and 100 °C (2–3.5 h) or at 120 °C (0.5–1 h). These results revealed that different hydrolysis conditions should be applied for different sugars. Using this approach, total sugar quantification in eucalyptus bark was increased by 4.3%, which would represent a 5% increase in the ethanol volume produced, considering a hypothetical bioethanol production yield. This reflects the importance of feedstock characterization on determination of economic viability of industrial processes.

scholarly journals Effect of Dilute-acid Hydrolysis Conditions on Sugar and Productions from Paragrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 012010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipa Thongtus ◽  
Sasikarn Nuchdang ◽  
Papin Chirathivat ◽  
Elvin J. Moore ◽  
Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Polyphenol Profiles of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Thymus rasitatus Klokov and Thymus eremita Klokov

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ivasenko ◽  
Ainur Zhumabekova ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽  
Krystyna Skalicka–Wozniak ◽  
Alexandr Marchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

BACKGROUND: A possible reduction in stocks of medicinal plant raw materials of Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. leads to the need to expand the raw material base of the official medicinal plants with using of endemic species of the flora of Kazakhstan, in particular, Thymus rasitatus Klokov, and Thymus eremita Klokov. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita as antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aerial parts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita were extracted with 70% ethanol using ultrasound assisted extraction. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the 70% ethanol extracts were determined using the liquid chromatography-detection-ESI-mass spectrometry-(MS)/MS technique. The study of the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was performed for eight strains of Gram-positive bacteria, six strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and four cultures of fungi. RESULTS: Chromatographic analysis of hydroalcoholic extracts of both investigated Thymus species showed very similar phenolic compounds composition. In both cases, the major components are luteolin-7-O-glucoside and rosmarinic acid. About 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, exhibit the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against all tested bacteria and fungi at concentration range of 0.0195–20 mg/ml, but differ in their potency against tested strains of microorganisms. CONCLUSION: About 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita, endemic plants in the flora of Kazakhstan, can be considered as potential drugs with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The results of chromatographic analysis could be used for drug standardization.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Sari Apel sebagai Bahan Baku Cuka Apel Menggunakan Metode Backslop

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Alvianty Novitasari ◽  
Warkoyo Warkoyo ◽  
Sri Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Factor I

Solid wasted of apple cider containing a lot of compounds such as carbohydrates, glucose, malic acid, and flavonoids. The purpose of this research is to utilize the solid wasted of apple cider as the raw material of apple vinegar. The fermentation process of making apple vinegar in this research using the backstop method. This research consists of 2 steps of the fermentation process. The first step of fermentation using yeast to transform sugar into alcohol. Second step fermentation is a continuance of first step fermentation with the addition of apple vinegar backstop culture which contain Acetobacter aceti with density 4 x 107cfu / ml to transform alcohol to acetic acid. This research uses simple and factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Fermentation phase I using simple RBD with the proportion of apple raw material (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) 100% : 0%; 75%: 25%; 50%: 50%; 25%: 75% as factor I. Fermentation phase II using factorial RBD with the combination of factor I and the addition of apple vinegar backstop with concentration 5%, 10%, and 15% as factor II. The results showed that during the first step fermentation process the raw material proportion of apple (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) affected total soluble solids, pH value, and alcohol content. Fermentation phase II showed an interaction between the proportion of the raw material of apple (apple cider waste: apple) and the addition of backstop apple vinegar concentration to total dissolved solids, alcohol content, acetic acid, except pH value. The best results showed treatment with apple material proportion (25% solid wasted of apple cider: 75% apple) and addition of apple vinegar backstop concentration 15 % produce 4.6 g / 100ml acetic acid, 4% soluble solids total, pH value of 3.4 and alcohol residue of 0% (v/v), with colorful organoleptic results quite appealing, the scent is sufficient, and preferences are favored by the panelists.

SOURCES OF FINANCING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN DAIRY FARMS WITH DIFFERENT SCALES OF COW REARING

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łuniewski ◽  
Barbara Gołębiewska
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commercial Loans ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The aim of the research was to evaluate the sources of financing agricultural activities in farms specialized in milk production. The subject of research was a group of family farms located in the Podlaskie and Mazowieckie voivodeships (provinces). The criterion for farm division was the number of cows in the basic herd. There was also an assessment of the most important factors conducive to the development of dairy farms. To do so, the opinions of dairy farmers were used, and their views in this regard were expressed on a five-point Likert scale. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 farms in 2021. The interpretation of the results was made in relation to the criterion adopted in the division of farms into quartiles. It was found that the main source of financing activities in dairy farms was own funds. The highest share of farms using commercial loans was in the group of farms with the largest number of cows. With an increase in the number of cows in a herd, the area of farms increased, which is understandable due to the need to produce roughage. The most important factors influencing the development possibilities of agricultural holdings were the uninterrupted collection of raw material and a stable milk purchase price, which guaranteed the farmers’ financial liquidity.

Radiocarbon and Protein Analyses Indicate an Early Holocene Age for the Osseous Rod from Grenfell, Saskatchewan, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Ives ◽  
Duane Froese ◽  
Matthew Collins ◽  
Fiona Brock
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North America ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe Grenfell bone rod resembles other instances of Clovis-era organic or osseous technology and has on a number of occasions been considered with other Clovis bone, antler, and ivory rods or beveled artifacts. It had been suspected of being constructed from proboscidean long bone. As an early discovery (made in 1883), the Grenfell artifact had somewhat obscure provenience details and a lengthy curatorial history. We describe accelerator mass spectrometry and zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry methods that allow rapid, minimally destructive determinations of both the age and the raw material composition of osseous artifacts. Our analysis reveals that the Grenfell artifact is actually a terminal Paleoindian-era manifestation made of bison bone. Similar methods could be more widely applied in North America in order to build more refined data sets for osseous technologies. These results also reveal the ease with which archaeologists can secure additional information from existing collections, highlighting our ethical obligations to do so.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document