Radiocarbon and Protein Analyses Indicate an Early Holocene Age for the Osseous Rod from Grenfell, Saskatchewan, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Ives ◽  
Duane Froese ◽  
Matthew Collins ◽  
Fiona Brock
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North America ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe Grenfell bone rod resembles other instances of Clovis-era organic or osseous technology and has on a number of occasions been considered with other Clovis bone, antler, and ivory rods or beveled artifacts. It had been suspected of being constructed from proboscidean long bone. As an early discovery (made in 1883), the Grenfell artifact had somewhat obscure provenience details and a lengthy curatorial history. We describe accelerator mass spectrometry and zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry methods that allow rapid, minimally destructive determinations of both the age and the raw material composition of osseous artifacts. Our analysis reveals that the Grenfell artifact is actually a terminal Paleoindian-era manifestation made of bison bone. Similar methods could be more widely applied in North America in order to build more refined data sets for osseous technologies. These results also reveal the ease with which archaeologists can secure additional information from existing collections, highlighting our ethical obligations to do so.

SOURCES OF FINANCING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN DAIRY FARMS WITH DIFFERENT SCALES OF COW REARING

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łuniewski ◽  
Barbara Gołębiewska
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commercial Loans ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The aim of the research was to evaluate the sources of financing agricultural activities in farms specialized in milk production. The subject of research was a group of family farms located in the Podlaskie and Mazowieckie voivodeships (provinces). The criterion for farm division was the number of cows in the basic herd. There was also an assessment of the most important factors conducive to the development of dairy farms. To do so, the opinions of dairy farmers were used, and their views in this regard were expressed on a five-point Likert scale. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 farms in 2021. The interpretation of the results was made in relation to the criterion adopted in the division of farms into quartiles. It was found that the main source of financing activities in dairy farms was own funds. The highest share of farms using commercial loans was in the group of farms with the largest number of cows. With an increase in the number of cows in a herd, the area of farms increased, which is understandable due to the need to produce roughage. The most important factors influencing the development possibilities of agricultural holdings were the uninterrupted collection of raw material and a stable milk purchase price, which guaranteed the farmers’ financial liquidity.

Olenii ostrov: first radiocarbon dates from a major Mesolithic cemetery in Karelia, USSR

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (245) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Douglas Price ◽  
Kenneth Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Isotope Evidence ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Mesolithic Period

The first radiocarbon determinations for a large prehistoric cemetery in Karelia, USSR, have been obtained using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of several organic fractions from prehistoric human bone samples. These determinations suggest an age of c. 7500 b.p. for the burials, definitely within the Mesolithic period. Additional information from skeletal and isotope evidence confirm Olenii ostrov as a very important Mesolithic site in northern Europe.

scholarly journals The biomolecular characterization of a finger ring contextually dated to the emergence of the Early Neolithic from Syltholm, Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191172
Author(s):  
Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen ◽  
Meaghan Mackie ◽  
Alberto John Taurozzi ◽  
Liam Thomas Lanigan ◽  
Carsten Gundelach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

We present the analysis of an osseous finger ring from a predominantly early Neolithic context in Denmark. To characterize the artefact and identify the raw material used for its manufacture, we performed micro-computed tomography scanning, zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) peptide mass fingerprinting, as well as protein sequencing by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We conclude that the ring was made from long bone or antler due to the presence of osteons (Haversian canals). Subsequent ZooMS analysis of collagen I and II indicated that it was made from Alces alces or Cervus elaphus material. We then used LC-MS/MS analysis to refine our species identification, confirming that the ring was made from Cervus elaphus , and to examine the rest of the proteome. This study demonstrates the potential of ancient proteomics for species identification of prehistoric artefacts made from osseous material.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Calibration for Japanese Wood Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Sakamoto ◽  
Mineo Imamura ◽  
Johannes Van der Plicht ◽  
Takumi Mitsutani ◽  
Makoto Sahara
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North America ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radiocarbon Calibration

The radiocarbon content of Japanese cedars was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry for decadal tree-ring samples from the period of 240 BC to AD 900. Conventional gas counting was also used for part of the samples. The data were compared with the INTCAL98 calibration curve (Stuiver et al. 1998). The results indicate that the difference in atmospheric 14C between Japan and North America or Europe is negligible at this period, less than 18 14C yr using an average of 50 yr. However, in the period of about AD 100 to about AD 200, we cannot exclude the possibility of a deviation of the order of 30 to 40 14C yr to the older ages.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Atmospheric 14CO2 Measurements: Comparing the Heidelberg Low-Level Counting Facility to International Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hammer ◽  
Ronny Friedrich ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Alexander Cherkinsky ◽  
Scott J Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Consensus Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Measurement Biases ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCombining atmospheric Δ14CO2 data sets from different networks or laboratories requires secure knowledge on their compatibility. In the present study, we compare Δ14CO2 results from the Heidelberg low-level counting (LLC) laboratory to 12 international accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories using distributed aliquots of five pure CO2 samples. The averaged result of the LLC laboratory has a measurement bias of –0.3±0.5‰ with respect to the consensus value of the AMS laboratories for the investigated atmospheric Δ14C range of 9.6 to 40.4‰. Thus, the LLC measurements on average are not significantly different from the AMS laboratories, and the most likely measurement bias is smaller than the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) interlaboratory compatibility goal for Δ14CO2 of 0.5‰. The number of intercomparison samples was, however, too small to determine whether the measurement biases of the individual AMS laboratories fulfilled the WMO goal.

scholarly journals Scimitar cat (Homotherium serum Cope) from southwestern Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyanna Ewald ◽  
L.V. Hills ◽  
Shayne Tolman ◽  
Brian Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North America ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
Beach Site

Skull and tooth fragments of Homotherium serum recently recovered from the Wally’s Beach site (DhPg-8) in southwestern Alberta provide the first indications that scimitar cat populated the area of the St. Mary Reservoir. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating provides a calibrated age (2σ) of 12 715 – 12 655 cal. years BP. This is the fourth known occurrence of the species in Canada, the first outside of Yukon, and currently the youngest precisely dated occurrence of the species in North America. Well-preserved dentition combined with the temporal and geographic context allows the sample to be identified as H. serum. The specimen is significant as it represents an extension of the geographic and chronological range of the species.

scholarly journals Anchoring the landscape: human utilization of the Cerro Gavilán 2 rockshelter, Middle Orinoco, from the Early Holocene to the present

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Scaramelli ◽  
Franz Scaramelli
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Initial archaeological investigations at Cerro Gavilán 2, a rockshelter located in the Bolívar State of Venezuela, reveal evidence for human activity that spans the Early Holocene to the present. This report summarizes the information obtained through surface collection, limited excavation, and documentation of the surface features and rock art in the cave. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis established dates from excavated strata that range between 9250 ± 60 BP to 3440 ± 40 BP, and are associated with a unifacial flake technology and charred faunal and floral remains, whereas surface remains span the known ceramic sequence for the area. Rock art corresponds to distinctive superimposed styles that indicate continual repainting of the cave through time, serving to anchor the site to the landscape for multiple societies inhabiting the region. It is suggested that the shelter may have fulfilled different functions over time and a sequence of seasonal residential, ritual, and funerary activities is proposed. The rich cultural context found in Cerro Gavilán 2 contributes to advances in Amazonian archaeology that are redefining our knowledge of early developments and the complexity of human/environmental interactions in tropical America.

AMS 14C age determinations of Rapanui (Easter Island) wood sculpture: moai kavakava ET 48.63 from Brussels

Antiquity ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (289) ◽  
pp. 529-532
Author(s):  
F. Forment ◽  
D. Huyge ◽  
H. Valladas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
14C Age ◽  
Wood Sculpture ◽  
Age Determinations

Direct dating, using the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C method, of a wooden moai kavakava (anthropomorphic woodcarving) in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels has given a date of about cal AD 1390–1480. As there are reasons to believe that this age not only regards the raw material but also the carving itself, preserved examples of Easter Island wood sculpture may be much older than previously assumed and possibly contemporaneous with the giant monolithic sculpture of the first half of the 2nd millennium AD.

scholarly journals Félix: a Late Pleistocene White Whale (Delphinapterus Leucas) Skeleton From Champlain Sea Deposits at Saint-Félix-de-Valois, Québec

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richard Harington ◽  
Serge Lebel ◽  
Maxime Paiement* ◽  
Anne de Vernal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
North America ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
White Whale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cool Conditions

Abstract A nearly complete, articulated skeleton of an old white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from Champlain Sea deposits at Saint-Félix-de-Valois is the best preserved specimen of its kind recorded from North America. It is one of 21 white whale specimens known from Champlain Sea deposits. Collagen from a vertebra yielded an accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon date of 10 700 ± 90 BP, which, with stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental data, is in accord with our knowledge of the past distribution of this species, its known habitat and habits. This study quantitatively traces regional sea-surface temperature, salinity and ice-cover. Dinocysts indicate a change from cold to cool conditions in surface water during that period corresponding to the withdrawal of ice and the beginning of the Holocene.

scholarly journals Eight New Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene AMS Dates from the Southeastern Baltic

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Philippsen ◽  
Livija Ivanovaitė ◽  
Kirill Makhotka ◽  
Florian Sauer ◽  
Felix Riede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Eastern Baltic ◽  
Ams Dates ◽  
Radiometric Dates

ABSTRACTOnly a limited number of radiometric dates for the Final Palaeolithic and the first half of the Mesolithic are available from the southeastern Baltic. This paper presents eight new Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) ages of osseous artifacts housed at the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art. These artifacts include one piece of worked reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler, three axes of the so-called Lyngby type, one bone point, one uniserial harpoon, one so-called bâton percé antler shaft, and one slotted bone. All the samples were successfully dated and yielded five Late Pleistocene and three Early Holocene ages, including the hitherto earliest age for human occupation in the Eastern Baltic. The dates include not only a surprisingly early date for a bone point (for this region), but also some dates that contradict expected ages based on traditional typological assessment. Our study significantly adds to the still small number of existing absolutely dated artifacts from the region and proposes new ways of viewing the Final Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic chronology in the southeastern Baltic.

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