Enhanced Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch through Acidogenic Fermentation—A Novel Resource Recovery Strategy for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

The glucan-rich fraction, hemicellulosic compounds-rich fraction, and a mixture of both fractions obtained from organosolv pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were used as substrates to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in acidogenic fermentation. In this study, the effects of medium adjustment (carbon to nitrogen ratio and trace elements supplementation) and methanogenesis inhibition (through the addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate or by heat shock) to enhance VFAs yield were investigated. The highest VFA yield was 0.50 ± 0.00 g VFAs/g volatile solid (VS), which was obtained when methanogens were inhibited by heat shock and cultivated in a mixture of glucan-rich and hemicellulosic compounds-rich fractions. Under these conditions, the fermentation produced acetic acid as the only VFA. Based on the results, the mass balance of the whole process (from pretreatment and fermentation) showed the possibility to obtain 30.4 kg acetic acid and 20.3 kg lignin with a 70% purity from 100 kg OPEFB.

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Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: II. The volatile fatty acid production from dried grass

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600036157 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. John ◽

G. Barnett ◽

R. L. Reid

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Titration Curves

1. A study has been made of the production of volatile fatty acids obtainable from dried grass and its gross water-soluble and water-insoluble separates, in the artificial rumen, over two growing seasons.2. In contradistinction to fresh grass, the dried grass gives a consistent production of acetic acid proportionately greater than propionic acid, at all stages of maturity, but when aqueous extracts of the dried grass, and the resultant extracted grass, respectively, are examined separately in the artificial rumen, it is found that the former yield preponderating amounts of acetic acid while the latter give amounts of propionic acid equal to, or exceeding, the corresponding productions of acetic acid.3. An examination of the titration curves for the total acids obtained from the dried grass, extracted grass and grass extract runs, indicates an approach to an incomplete relationship between the residual carbohydrate in the extracted grass and cellulose, while the grass extract reveals itself as the chief source of acetic acid in the whole dried grass, the acid being formed very speedily at the start of the run.4. The suggested sources and some of the possible metabolic pathways involved in the formation of v.f.a. from grass are discussed in the text.

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Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: I. The volatile acid production from fresh grass

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600031671 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

A. John ◽

G. Barnett ◽

R. L. Reid

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Fresh Material ◽

Measurable Amount

1. A study has been made over two growing seasons of the volatile fatty acid production from ley grass obtained from a single area of one field, under the action of rumen liquor in vitro.2. The acida estimated were acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and caproic. On only one occasion did the last named appear in measurable amount.3. The main acid produced in early stages of the year is acetic acid, but as the season advances propionic acid becomes the acid of major production.4. In parallel cellulose runs it was found that propionic acid was invariably produced in greater amount than any other acid.5. An attempt has been made to eliminate, by using cellulose as a standard, the effects of using different rumen liquor samples.6. The dried samples, corresponding to the fresh material, were invariably found to yield acetic acid in greater proportion than propionic acid. The average percentages of acids obtained from the dried grass were similar to those found by other workers. It is suggested that the variations between the fresh and dried grass results are due to changes in carbohydrate content resultant upon storage of the latter.

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Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Organic Waste with the Emphasis on Membrane-Based Recovery

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Prawat Sukphun ◽

Sureewan Sittijunda ◽

Alissara Reungsang

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Future Research ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Acidogenic Fermentation ◽

Recovery Techniques ◽

Biotechnological Processes

In recent years, interest in the biorefinery concept has emerged in the utilization of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced by acidogenic fermentation as precursors for various biotechnological processes. This has attracted substantial attention to VFA production from low-cost substrates such as organic waste and membrane based VFA recovery techniques to achieve cost-effective and environmentally friendly processes. However, there are few reviews which emphasize the acidogenic fermentation of organic waste into VFAs, and VFA recovery. Therefore, this article comprehensively summarizes VFA production, the factors affecting VFA production, and VFA recovery strategies using membrane-based techniques. Additionally, the outlook for future research on VFA production is discussed.

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Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 674 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kinanthi Mondylaksita ◽

Jorge A. Ferreira ◽

Ria Millati ◽

Wiratni Budhijanto ◽

Claes Niklasson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

High Purity ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Enzyme Loading ◽

Organosolv Pretreatment ◽

2Nd Generation ◽

Catalyst Type ◽

Lignocellulosic Residue ◽

Acid Catalyzed

The lignocellulosic residue from the palm oil industry, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), represents a challenge to both producing industries and environment due to its disposal difficulties. Alternatively, OPEFB can be used for the production of valuable products if pretreatment methods, which overcome OPEFB recalcitrance and allow tailored valorization of all its carbohydrates and lignin, are developed. Specifically, high-value applications for lignin, to increase its contribution to the feasibility of lignocellulosic biorefineries, demand high-purity fractions. In this study, acid-catalyzed organosolv using ethanol as a solvent was used for the recovery of high-purity lignin and digestible cellulose. Factors including catalyst type and its concentration, temperature, retention time, and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio were found to influence lignin purity and recovery. At the best conditions (0.07% H2SO4, 210 °C, 90 min, and S/L ratio of 1:10), a lignin purity and recovery of 70.6 ± 4.9% and 64.94 ± 1.09%, respectively, were obtained in addition to the glucan-rich fraction. The glucan-rich fraction showed 94.06 ± 4.71% digestibility within 18 h at an enzyme loading of 30 filter paper units (FPU) /g glucan. Therefore, ethanol organosolv can be used for fractionating OPEFB into three high-quality fractions (glucan, lignin, and hemicellulosic compounds) for further tailored biorefining using low acid concentrations. Especially, the use of ethanol opens the possibility for integration of 1st and 2nd generation ethanol benefiting from the separation of high-purity lignin.

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Brisket Disease Is Associated with Lower Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Altered Rumen Microbiome in Holstein Heifers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Naren Gaowa ◽

Kevin Panke-Buisse ◽

Shuxiang Wang ◽

Haibo Wang ◽

Zhijun Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

The Mean

Brisket disease is heritable but is also associated with non-genetic risk factors and effects of the disease on the rumen microbiome are unknown. Ten Holstein heifers were exposed to the plateau environment for three months and divided into two groups according to the index of brisket disease, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP): brisket disease group (BD, n = 5, mPAP > 63 mmHg) and healthy heifer group (HH, n = 5, mPAP < 41 mmHg). Rumen fluid was collected for analysis of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Extracted DNA from rumen contents was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The concentration of total VFA and alpha-diversity metrics were significantly lower in BD group (p < 0.05). Ruminococcus and Treponema were significantly decreased in BD heifers (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that 10 genera were related to the mPAP (p < 0.05). Genera of Anaerofustis, Campylobacter, and Catonella were negatively correlated with total VFA and acetic acid (R < −0.7, p < 0.05), while genera of Blautia, YRC22, Ruminococcus, and Treponema were positively related to total VFA and acetic acid (R > 0.7; p < 0.05). Our findings may be a useful biomarker in future brisket disease work.

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Assessment of Fatty Acids Profile and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by the Oleaginous Marine Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 Cultivated on Volatile Fatty Acids

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10050694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 694 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alok Patel ◽

Ulrika Rova ◽

Paul Christakopoulos ◽

Leonidas Matsakas

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Fatty Acid Production

Thraustochytrids are considered natural producers of omega-3 fatty acids as they can synthesize up to 70% docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) of total lipids. However, commercial and sustainable production of microbial DHA is limited by elevated cost of carbon substrates for thraustochytrids cultivation. This problem can be addressed by utilizing low-cost renewable substrates. In the present study, growth, lipid accumulation and fatty acid profiles of the marine thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 (ATCC-PRA-276) cultivated on volatile fatty acids (C1, formic acid; C2, acetic acid; C3, propionic acid; C4, butyric acid; C5, valeric acid and C6, caproic acid) and glucose as control were evaluated for the first time. This strain showed an inability to utilize C3, C5 and C6 as a substrate when provided at >2 g/L, while efficiently utilizing C2 and C4 up to 40 g/L. The highest cell dry weight (12.35 g/L) and total lipid concentration (6.59 g/L) were attained when this strain was cultivated on 40 g/L of butyric acid, followed by cultivation on glucose (11.87 g/L and 5.34 g/L, respectively) and acetic acid (8.70 g/L and 3.43 g/L, respectively). With 40 g/L butyric acid, the maximum docosahexaenoic acid content was 2.81 g/L, corresponding to 42.63% w/w of total lipids and a yield of 0.23 g/gcell dry weight (CDW). This marine oleaginous microorganism showed an elevated potential for polyunsaturated fatty acids production at higher acetic and butyric acid concentrations than previously reported. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy revealed that growth on butyric acid caused cell size to increase to 45 µm, one of the largest values reported for oleaginous microorganisms, as well as the presence of numerous tiny lipid droplets.

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Bio-Valorization of Physical and Chemical Pretreated Switchgrass on Volatile Fatty Acid Production

Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences ◽

10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sakthivel U ◽

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Hot Water ◽

Organosolv Pretreatment ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Physical And Chemical

The suitability of biomass system depends on products recovery from the waste. Switchgrass was the most renewable biomass sources and selected as feedstock for the volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic digestion. The five kinds of pretreatments involving physical and chemical treatment such as thermal, hot water, acid, alkaline and organosolv pretreatment were investigated. This study explored the characteristics of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production from pretreated switchgrass compared with raw biomass. The major VFA compounds are acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid and hexanoic acid produced during digestion. The result showed that acetic acid concentration yields higher with other compounds of VFA.

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