scholarly journals Optimization of a Grid-Connected Microgrid Using Tidal and Wind Energy in Cook Strait

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Navid Majdi Nasab ◽  
Md Rabiul Islam ◽  
Kashem Muttaqi ◽  
Danny Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Strong Winds

The Cook Strait in New Zealand is an ideal location for wind and tidal renewable sources of energy due to its strong winds and tidal currents. The integration of both technologies can help to avoid the detrimental effects of fossil fuels and to reduce the cost of electricity. Although tidal renewable sources have not been used for electricity generation in New Zealand, a recent investigation, using the MetOcean model, has identified Terawhiti in Cook Strait as a superior location for generating tidal power. This paper investigates three different configurations of wind, tidal, and wind plus tidal sources to evaluate tidal potential. Several simulations have been conducted to design a DC-linked microgrid for electricity generation in Cook Strait using HOMER Pro, RETScreen, and WRPLOT software. The results show that Terawhiti, in Cook Strait, is suitable for an offshore wind farm to supply electricity to the grid, considering the higher renewable fraction and the lower net present cost in comparison with those using only tidal turbines or using both wind and tidal turbines.

Wind energy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Leithead
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Uk

A wind turbine or even a wind farm, i.e. a group of wind turbines, is becoming an increasingly familiar sight in the countryside today. The wind turbine converts the power in the wind to electrical power and consists of a tower, rotor, typically with three blades as in Fig. 5.1, and a nacelle containing the power converter. From its rebirth in the early 1980s, wind power has experienced a dramatic development. Today, other than hydropower, it is the most important of the renewable sources of power. With an installed capacity equivalent to that required to provide electricity for over 19,000,000 average European homes and annual turnover greater than £5,500,000,000, wind energy has exceeded its year-on-year targets over the last decade. This growth in the contribution to electricity generation from wind power in Europe is likely to continue over the next few years, since the EU Commission has set a European target for 2010 of 12% of electricity generation from renewable sources. In the long term, the achievable limit to the contribution of wind power is estimated to be30%of the total European demand, an amount almost equal to the installed nuclear capacity. In the UK, wind power is the fastest growing energy sector. Over 4,000 people are employed by companies working in the wind sector , and it is estimated by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) that the next round of offshore wind development could generate a further 20,000 jobs. In a 2003 Energy White Paper, the UK government aspired to achieving a 60% reduction in UK CO2 emissions by 2050. In order to do so, it has set targets for UK electricity generation from renewable sources of 10% of electricity demand by 2010 and20% by 2015. Since it is the most mature of the renewable energies, much of these near term targets must be met by wind power . Irrespective of whether these targets are achieved, the potential for increase in the UK is substantial. The prospects for wind power development in the UK are dependent on the available wind resource, public acceptance, and technical development. Each of these issues is discussed below.

scholarly journals Offshore wind energy – South Africa’s untapped resource

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Gordon Rae ◽  
Gareth Erfort
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation

In the context of the Anthropocene, the decoupling of carbon emissions from electricity generation is critical. South Africa has an ageing coal power fleet, which will gradually be decommissioned over the next 30 years. This creates substantial opportunity for a just transition towards a future energy mix with a high renewable energy penetration. Offshore wind technology is a clean electricity generation alternative that presents great power security and decarbonisation opportunity for South Africa. This study estimated the offshore wind energy resource available within South Africa’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ), using a geographic information system methodology. The available resource was estimated under four developmental scenarios. This study revealed that South Africa has an annual offshore wind energy production potential of 44.52 TWh at ocean depths of less than 50 m (Scenario 1) and 2 387.08 TWh at depths less than 1 000 m (Scenario 2). Furthermore, a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation was conducted to determine the most suitable locations for offshore wind farm development within the South African EEZ. The following suitable offshore wind development regions were identified: Richards Bay, KwaDukuza, Durban, and Struis Bay. Based on South Africa’s annual electricity consumption of 297.8 TWh in 2018, OWE could theoretically supply approximately 15% and 800% of South Africa’s annual electricity demand with offshore wind development Scenario 1 and 2 respectively.

scholarly journals ENHANCING MARINE ENERGY COMPETITIVENESS: CO-LOCATED OFFSHORE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY FARMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sharay Astariz ◽  
Gregorio Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Shadow Effect ◽  
Marine Energy

If marine energy is to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels, its competitiveness must be enhanced. In this sense, combining various renewables in the same marine space is emerging as a solution. Among the different options, this paper focuses on combined wind and wave energy farms. First, the different synergies between both renewable are analysed, such as the more sustainable use of the marine resource or the opportunity to reduce costs of both technologies by sharing some of the most important costs of an offshore project. Second, this paper focuses on two technology synergies: the reduction of the inherent intermittency of renewables; and the so-called shadow effect which implies the reduction of the wave height in the inner part of the wind farm. Both effects may suppose an important reduction in the operation and maintenance cost by reducing the balancing cost when connecting the installation to the grid and increasing weather windows to access the wind turbines. However, the benefits of this combination will depend on the site characteristics and the array layout. On this basis, the power smoothing and shadow effect in co-located farms are analysed through different case studies considering real sea conditions, wind farms currently in operation and a high resolution numerical model (SWAN). Finally, conclusions about the economic benefits of co-located farms are drawn by recalculating the levelised cost of energy when both renewable are combined.

Linear Stability Control of Offshore Wind Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Mecklenborg ◽  
Philipp Rouenhoff ◽  
Dongmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Strong Winds

Offshore wind farms in deep water are becoming an attractive prospect for harnessing renewable energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. One area of major concern with offshore wind turbines is stability control. The same strong winds that give deep water turbines great potential for energy capture also pose a threat to stability, along with potentially strong wave forces. We examine development of state space controllers for active stabilization of a spar-buoy floating turbine. We investigate linear state feedback with a state observer and evaluate response time and disturbance rejection of decoupled SISO controllers.

scholarly journals The Potential for Integration of Wind and Tidal Power in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Majdi Nasab ◽  
Jeff Kilby ◽  
Leila Bakhtiaryfard
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Suitable Alternative

This research focuses on proposing and evaluating an optimized hybrid system of wind and tidal turbines operating as a renewable energy generating unit in New Zealand. Literature review indicates increasing worldwide investment in offshore renewable energy in recent years. Offshore energy shows a high potential as an alternative energy generation solution to that of fossil fuels. Using the capacities of wind and tidal power in renewable technologies would be a suitable alternative for fossil fuels and would help prevent their detrimental effects on the environment. It is a cost-effective procedure for the power generation sector to maximize these renewables as a hybrid system. At the design phase, turbine types appropriate to environmental conditions for an area with high wind speed and tidal flow need to be considered. When selecting which turbines should be used, horizontal or vertical axis, number and length of blades, and optimized rotational speed are all important to get maximum capacity from either the wind or tidal energy for the hybrid system. Comprehensive simulation models of the hybrid system are now being set up, using several available commercial software packages such as QBlade, Simulink, and RETScreen. Several different parameters will be required for these simulation models to run in order to test performance, capacity and efficiency of the proposed hybrid system. To decide which regions are suitable for the hybrid system, it will be necessary to analyze available wind and tide records from NIWA, and online databases such as GLOBAL ATLAS. This next phase of research will aim to create optimized scenarios for the hybrid model by considering the effect of wind and water speed on performance. After deciding which region and scenarios are suitable, it will also be necessary to evaluate the costs and returns of a hybrid system. This final phase will be performed using the RETScreen simulation model.

scholarly journals Case Study of a Hybrid Wind and Tidal Turbines System with a Microgrid for Power Supply to a Remote Off-Grid Community in New Zealand

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3636
Author(s):  
Navid Majdi Nasab ◽  
Jeff Kilby ◽  
Leila Bakhtiaryfard
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Cost

This paper evaluates the feasibility of using a hybrid system consisting of wind and tidal turbines connected to a microgrid for power supply to coastal communities that are isolated from a main supply grid. The case study is Stewart Island, where the cost of electricity, provided by a central diesel power station, is higher than the grid network in New Zealand. Local residents believe that reducing the consumption of diesel and having a renewable source of electricity generation are two of the island’s highest priorities. Merging a tidal energy source (predictable) with wind (unpredictable) and diesel (back-up), through a microgrid, may be a way to increase reliability and decrease the cost of generation. Several off-grid configurations are simulated using HOMER and WRPLOT software. Using two wind and four tidal turbines, plus one diesel generator for back-up, is the best design in terms of lower greenhouse gas emissions, higher renewable fraction, and reduced net present cost.

scholarly journals Simulation of an offshore wind farm using fluid power for centralized electricity generation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jarquin Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Turbulent Wind ◽  
Central Platform ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Time Domain

Abstract. A centralized approach for electricity generation within a wind farm is explored through the use of fluid power technology. This concept considers a new way of generation, collection and transmission of wind energy inside a wind farm, in which electrical conversion does not occur during any intermediate conversion step before the energy has reached the offshore central platform. A numerical model was developed to capture the relevant physics from the dynamic interaction between different turbines coupled to a common hydraulic network and controller. This paper presents two examples of the time-domain simulation results for a hypothetical hydraulic wind farm subject to turbulent wind conditions. The performance and operational parameters of individual turbines are compared with those of a reference wind farm with conventional technology turbines, using the same wind farm layout and environmental conditions. For the presented case study, results indicate that the individual wind turbines are able to operate within operational limits with the current pressure control concept. Despite the stochastic turbulent wind input and wake effects, the hydraulic wind farm is able to produce electricity with reasonable performance in both below and above rated conditions.

scholarly journals Pathways to bring the costs down of floating offshore wind farms in the Atlantic Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Cartelle-Barros ◽  
David Cordal-Iglesias ◽  
Eugenio Baita-Saavedra ◽  
Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
Bernardino Couñago-Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Atlantic Area

Abstract. Every nations' development lies on the electricity production, since it facilitates life and development of their society (heating, lighting, etc.). Nevertheless, conventional power plants, which use fossil fuels, cause environmental impacts, such as global warming, acidification, eutrophication, among many others. In addition, these conventional resources generate a dependence of external providers, which obstructs the progress of the developing countries. Renewable energies came to solve part of these problems. In this context, wind energy is one the technologies with more expansion all over the world. Offshore locations have a better wind resource than onshore ones and their exploitation is lower. The objective of this work is to present a holistic approach to assess the feasibility of a floating offshore wind farms in a life cycle perspective. The methodology proposed analyses the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return, the Payback Period and the Levelized Cost of Energy of the farm. The case study is built based on a disruptive floating spar-type platform called TELWIND®, to be implemented in the Atlantic Area region. Results indicate how important these parameters are in economic terms and shows the pathways to reduce the costs of this type of infrastructures Furthermore, the methodology proposed allows the selection of the best region where a floating offshore wind farm can be installed. Finally, this study can be useful for Governments and relevant authorities to determine the best location of a floating offshore wind farm and develop the roadmap of offshore wind in their country.

scholarly journals Lightweight steel tidal power barrages with minimal environmental impact: application to the Severn Barrage

2018 ◽  
Vol 474 (2209) ◽  
pp. 20170653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. T. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Kaplan Turbine ◽  
Combined Operations ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

For tidal power barrages, a breast-shot water wheel, with a hydraulic transmission, has significant advantages over a conventional Kaplan turbine. It is better suited to combined operations with pumping that maintain the tidal range upstream of the barrage (important in reducing the environmental impact), and is much less harmful to fish. It also does not require tapered entry and exit ducts, making the barrage much smaller and lighter, so that it can conveniently be built in steel. For the case of the Severn Estuary, UK, it is shown that a barrage at Porlock would generate an annual average power of 4 GW (i.e. 35 TWh yr −1 ), maintain the existing tidal ranges upstream of it and reduce the tidal ranges downstream of it by only about 10%. The weight of steel required, in relation to the annual average power generated, compares very favourably with a recent offshore wind farm.

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