Polysaccharides Obtained from Cordyceps militaris Alleviate Hyperglycemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat/Sucrose Diet

Polysaccharides isolated from fungus Cordyceps militaris display multi-biofunctions, such as immunostimulation, down-regulation of hyperlipidemia, and anti-cancer function. The occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of C. militaris and its fractions on modifying metabolic syndrome in mice were evaluated. Mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 14 weeks to induce body weight increase and hyperlipidemia symptoms in mice, and then the mice were simultaneously given a HFSD and C. militaris samples for a further 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fruit body, polysaccharides, and cordycepin obtained from C. militaris had different efficacies on regulating metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota in HFSD-treated mice. Polysaccharides derived from C. militaris decreased the levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in mice fed HFSD. In addition, C. militaris-polysaccharide treatment obviously improved intestinal dysbiosis through promoting the population of next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice fed HFSD. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from C. militaris have the potential to act as dietary supplements and health food products for modifying the gut microbiota to improve the metabolic syndrome.

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The short term High Fat Diet sparks gut microbiota associated metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and the impact of Amoxicillin intervention in mice

10.1101/2021.09.22.461387 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suresh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

High Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Short Period ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

The Impact

Background: Knowledge about alteration in gut microbiota on a high-fat diet (HFD) and common antibiotics for a short period is little known. The study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in the microbiota profile in HFD fed mice followed by amoxicillin intervention. Results: For two weeks, the mice were fed with HFD followed by amoxicillin for one week. Animals were evaluated for haemato-biochemical, histopathological and 16S rRNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis to know any changes in gut microbiota ecology. Amoxicillin treatment for a short duration had marked the remarkable remodelling of gut microbiota that directly linked to beneficial impact by countering the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome besides overgrowth of particular opportunistic pathogens of gut inflammatory diseases. Amoxicillin treatment significantly decreased blood glucose and a slight elevation in cholesterol levels on blood biochemistry analysis. No marked pathological changes were observed in HFD fed mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Amoxicillin treatment had a beneficial influence on the obese related metabolic syndrome with the risk of hypercholesterolemia and some gut-resistant intestinal pathobionts.

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Improvement of Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice by Yeast β-Glucan Is Linked to Inhibited Proliferation of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in Gut Microbiota

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00866 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guijie Chen ◽

Dan Chen ◽

Wangting Zhou ◽

Yujia Peng ◽

Chunxu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat

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Tea polyphenol – gut microbiota interactions: hints on improving the metabolic syndrome in a multi-element and multi-target manner

Food Science and Human Wellness ◽

10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.002 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Hui Ma ◽

Yaozhong Hu ◽

Bowei Zhang ◽

Zeping Shao ◽

Eugeni Roura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Tea Polyphenol ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes Attenuates Markers of Metabolic Syndrome by modulating the Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in High fat Diet-fed Mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00534k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruiqiu Zhao ◽

Yang Ji ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Qiuhui Hu ◽

Liyan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Flammulina Velutipes ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

High Fat

Natural biological macromolecules with putative functions of gut microbiota regulation possesses the advantage in improving metabolic syndrome (MS). In this research, we aimed to determine the effects of Flammulina velutipes...

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7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518001824 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (7) ◽

pp. 751-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giorgio Biasiotto ◽

Isabella Zanella ◽

Federica Predolini ◽

Ivonne Archetti ◽

Moris Cadei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Lipid Uptake ◽

High Fat ◽

Total Extract ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Genes

Abstract7-Hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR) is a plant lignan abundant in various concentrations in plant foods. The objective of this study was to test HMRLignan™, a purified form of 7-HMR, and the correspondingPicea abiesextract (total extractP. abies; TEP) as dietary supplements on a background of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in mice and in the 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model. Mice, 3 weeks old, were fed a HFD for 60 d. Subgroups were treated with 3 mg/kg body weight 7-HMR (HMRLignan™) or 10 mg/kg body weight TEP by oral administration. 7-HMR and TEP limited the increase in body weight (−11 and −13 %) and fat mass (−11 and −18 %) in the HFD-fed mice. Epididymal adipocytes were 19 and −12 % smaller and the liver was less steatotic (−62 and −65 %). Serum lipids decreased in TEP-treated mice (−11 % cholesterol, −23 % LDL and −15 % TAG) and sugar metabolism was ameliorated by both lignan preparations, as shown by a more than 70 % decrease in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The expression of several metabolic genes was modulated by the HFD with an effect that was reversed by lignan. In 3T3-L1 cells, the 7-HMR metabolites enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) showed a 40 % inhibition of cell differentiation accompanied by the inhibited expression of the adipogenic genesPPARγ,C/EBPαandaP2. Furthermore, END and ENL caused a 10 % reduction in TAG uptake in HEPA 1–6 hepatoma cells. In conclusion, 7-HMR and TEP reduce metabolic imbalances typical of the metabolic syndrome and obesity in male mice, whereas their metabolites inhibit adipogenesis and lipid uptakein vitro.

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Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 864-876

Author(s):

Anne K Eriksen ◽

Carl Brunius ◽

Mohsen Mazidi ◽

Per M Hellström ◽

Ulf Risérus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Whole Grain ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background A whole-grain (WG)–rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. Objectives The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. Methods Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4–8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. Results The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (−0.06 and −0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Conclusions WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.

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