Effect of Tempering Conditions on White Sorghum Milling, Flour, and Bread Properties

The effects of room temperature water, hot water, and steam tempering methods were investigated on sorghum kernel physical properties, milling, flour, and bread-making properties. Overall tempering condition and tempering moisture content were found to have a significant effect on the physical properties. Milling properties were evaluated using a laboratory-scale roller milling flowsheet consisting of four break rolls and eight reduction rolls. Room temperature tempering (18% moisture for 24 h) led to better separation of bran and endosperm without negatively impacting flour quality characteristics i.e., particle size distribution, flour yield, protein, ash, damaged starch, and moisture content. Bread produced from the flour obtained from milling sorghum kernels tempered with room temperature water (18% m.c for 24 h) and hot water (16% m.c at 60 °C for 18 h) displayed better bread-making properties i.e., high firmness, resilience, volume index, higher number of cells, and thinner cell walls when compared to other tempering conditions. Room temperature water tempering treatment (18% m.c for 24 h) could be a better pretreatment process for milling white sorghum kernels without negatively impacting the flour and bread-making quality characteristics.

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The Role of Pitch and Tempo in Sound-Temperature Crossmodal Correspondences

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-00002564 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3-5) ◽

pp. 307-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qian (Janice) Wang ◽

Charles Spence

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Cold Water ◽

Hot Water ◽

Crossmodal Correspondences ◽

Online Study ◽

Fast Tempo ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Different Levels ◽

Temperature Water

We explored the putative existence of crossmodal correspondences between sound attributes and beverage temperature. An online pre-study was conducted first, in order to determine whether people would associate the auditory parameters of pitch and tempo with different imagined beverage temperatures. The same melody was manipulated to create a matrix of 25 variants with five different levels of both pitch and tempo. The participants were instructed to imagine consuming hot, room-temperature, or cold water, then to choose the melody that best matched the imagined drinking experience. The results revealed that imagining drinking cold water was associated with a significantly higher pitch than drinking both room-temperature and hot water, and with significantly faster tempo than room-temperature water. Next, the online study was replicated with participants in the lab tasting samples of hot, room-temperature, and cold water while choosing a melody that best matched the actual tasting experience. The results confirmed that, compared to room-temperature and hot water, the experience of cold water was associated with both significantly higher pitch and fast tempo. Possible mechanisms and potential applications of these results are discussed.

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Study on the effect of pre-treatment of Oil Palm Shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate using hot water 50-°C and room temperature water 28-°C to lightweight concrete strength

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927601023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 01023

Author(s):

Sung Taek Lee ◽

Nuraziz Handika ◽

Elly Tjahjono ◽

Essy Arijoeni

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Hot Water ◽

National Standard ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Oil Inventories ◽

Temperature Water

With a rapidly growing population, the need for homes is increasing, which means the demand for housing material is also increasing in Indonesia. On the other hand, as the largest producer of palm oil in the world, Indonesia produces almost half of the world’s palm oil inventories. Oil palm shells (OPS) are agricultural solid end products from palm oil manufacturing processes. In this research, the use of OPS waste as substitution materials for making concrete is investigated. In order to be used as structural building material, some mechanical properties of materials must achieve the requirements of the National Standard SNI. The general objective of this research is to understand the effect of the pretreatment process on OPS aggregate on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight concrete. To do so, first, pre-treatment on the OPS is performed using hot water (50°C) and room temperature water (26-28°C). Second, by using the most effective mixed proportions from previous research in laboratory, pre-treated OPS is used to cast concrete. Third, some experimental tests are carried out to evaluate its mechanical properties, such as: concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength (split test). Then, behaviour from both different treatments are compared and discussed. Finally, this research can determine which method gives better result for the application of OPS as biosource substituent material.

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Test on Electrical Conductinity of Oil Shale

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.969 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 591-593 ◽

pp. 969-972

Author(s):

Qiu Wen Wang ◽

You Hong Sun ◽

Fang Yang

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Oil Shale ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Oil Content ◽

Higher Temperature

In this paper, two different layers of Huadian oil shale were selected. In the basic of oil shale density, moisture and oil yeild, and electrical physical properties of oil shale are researched by theoretical, experimental and comparative analysis. The experiments showed that under room temperature, the oil shale does not have a conductivity, but when the temperature increases, the ions are activated, so the ions has a higher energy to break through to the energy dam limits. Therefore, with the temperature increases, the conductivity of oil shale is getting better. And it has another three factors impact the conductivity: the higher temperature, the greater moisture content, and the less oil content.

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Improved Sol-Gel Materials for Efficient Solid State Dye Lasers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-329-279 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 329 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Canva ◽

Patrick Georges ◽

Jean-Fran^ois Perelgritz ◽

Alain Brun ◽

Fréddric Chaput ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Tunable Lasers ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Dye Lasers ◽

Laser Dyes ◽

Host Matrix ◽

Host Matrices

AbstractPhotoresistant laser dyes were trapped in silica based xerogel host matrices to obtain solid state tunable lasers. For this purpose very dense xerogel samples with improved chemical and physical properties were prepared at room temperature by the sol-gel technology. The as-prepared materials were polished to obtain optical quality surfaces and were used as new lasing media.Lasing action of such different dyes as rhodamine, perylene and pyrromethene doping dense sol-gel matrices was demonstrated. Efficiencies of 30 % or lifetimes of more than 100,000 shots were achieved with different new ≤dye dopant/host matrix≥ couples. Their different performances are reviewed and discussed.

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HAYNES STELLITE ALLOY No. 98M2

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.co0022 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

The Other ◽

Stellite Alloy ◽

Cobalt Base Alloy ◽

Cobalt Base

Abstract HAYNES STELLITE 98M2 Alloy is a cobalt-base alloy having higher compressive strength and higher hardness than all the other cobalt-base alloys at room temperature and in the red heat range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Co-22. Producer or source: Haynes Stellite Company.

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FANSTEEL 85 METAL

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cb0007 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Creep Strength ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Good Combination ◽

Bend Strength ◽

Temperature Performance

Abstract FANSTEEL 85 METAL is a columbium-base alloy characterized by good fabricability at room temperature, good weldability and a good combination of creep strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Its applications include missile and rocket components and many other high-temperature parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cb-7. Producer or source: Fansteel Metallurgical Corporation. Originally published December 1963, revised June 1981.

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MAGNESIUM ZK61A

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.mg0067 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Casting Alloy ◽

Chemical Company ◽

Casting Alloys ◽

Magnesium Casting

Abstract Magnesium ZK61A is a heat treatable sand casting alloy offering higher strength properties for room-temperature applications than other magnesium casting alloys. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Mg-67. Producer or source: The Dow Chemical Company.

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MAGNESIUM AZ31B

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.mg0053 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Heat Treating ◽

General Purpose ◽

Bearing Strength ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Wrought Magnesium Alloy ◽

Metal Products

Abstract Magnesium AZ31B is a general purpose wrought magnesium alloy for room temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, and bearing strength as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Mg-53. Producer or source: The Dow Metal Products Company.

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DILLIDUR 450V

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0638 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Hot Working ◽

Resistant Steel ◽

Bend Strength

Abstract Dillidur 450V is a water hardened wear-resistant steel with surface hardness at room temperature of 420-480 HB. The steel is easy to weld and bend. Hot working is not recommended. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-638. Producer or source: Dillinger Hütte GTS.

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