scholarly journals Study on the effect of pre-treatment of Oil Palm Shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate using hot water 50-°C and room temperature water 28-°C to lightweight concrete strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Sung Taek Lee ◽  
Nuraziz Handika ◽  
Elly Tjahjono ◽  
Essy Arijoeni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Oil Inventories ◽  
Temperature Water

With a rapidly growing population, the need for homes is increasing, which means the demand for housing material is also increasing in Indonesia. On the other hand, as the largest producer of palm oil in the world, Indonesia produces almost half of the world’s palm oil inventories. Oil palm shells (OPS) are agricultural solid end products from palm oil manufacturing processes. In this research, the use of OPS waste as substitution materials for making concrete is investigated. In order to be used as structural building material, some mechanical properties of materials must achieve the requirements of the National Standard SNI. The general objective of this research is to understand the effect of the pretreatment process on OPS aggregate on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight concrete. To do so, first, pre-treatment on the OPS is performed using hot water (50°C) and room temperature water (26-28°C). Second, by using the most effective mixed proportions from previous research in laboratory, pre-treated OPS is used to cast concrete. Third, some experimental tests are carried out to evaluate its mechanical properties, such as: concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength (split test). Then, behaviour from both different treatments are compared and discussed. Finally, this research can determine which method gives better result for the application of OPS as biosource substituent material.

scholarly journals Utilization of Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Binder in Lightweight Oil Palm Shell Geopolymer Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yong Jing Liu ◽  
Choon Peng Chua ◽  
U. Johnson Alengaram ◽  
Mohd Zamin Jumaat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Traditionally fly ash (FA) has been used to replace cement as binder in the geopolymer concrete. The utilization of palm oil industrial waste materials known as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and oil palm shell (OPS) that are abundantly available in South East Asia as binder and coarse aggregate in geopolymer concrete would give an added advantage in both the environmental and economic aspects. The mechanical properties of the OPS geopolymer concrete (OPSGC) through the use of POFA, FA, and OPS are investigated and reported. A total of ten OPSGC mixtures were prepared with varying percentages of POFA and FA such as 0, 10, 20, 40, and 100%. The specimens prepared with two alkaline solution to binder (AK/B) ratios of 0.35 and 0.55 were oven cured at 65°C for 48 hours. The experimental results showed that the highest compressive strength of 30 MPa was obtained for the mix with 20% replacement of FA by POFA and AK/B ratio of 0.55, which underwent oven curing. Further, the mix of up to 20% POFA (with AK/B ratio of 0.55) can be categorized as structural lightweight concrete. An increase of the POFA content beyond 20% decreases the mechanical properties, and hence this mix is recommended to be used.

Development of Lightweight Concrete using Industrial Waste Palm Oil Clinker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Ani ◽  
◽  
Wan Hamidon ◽  
Wan Mohtar ◽  
Basma Alwachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Light Weight Concrete ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Strength And Durability

Concrete is a major material used in the construction of buildings and structures in the world. Gravel and sand are the major ingredients of concrete but are non-renewable natural materials. Therefore, the utilisation of palm oil clinker (POC), a solid waste generated from palm oil industry is proposed to replace natural aggregate in this research to reduce the demand for natural aggregates. One mix of ordinary concrete as control concrete; while four mix proportions of oil palm clinker concrete were obtained by replacing 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of gravel and sand of control concrete with coarse and fine oil palm clinker respectively by volume, with same cement content and water cement ratio. Compressive strength test was carried out of concretes with different percentages of oil palm clinker; whereas water absorption test according to respective standard, were carried out to determine the durability properties of various mixes. Based on the results obtained, the study on the effect of percentage of clinker on strength and durability properties was drawn. According to ACI classification of light weight concrete only the 100 percentage replacement can achieve the definition of light weight concrete since its density less than 1900 kg/m3 and strength larger than 17 MPa. Eventually the 25 % replacement of the normal aggregate by the OPC will improve the strength and durability of the concrete.

Effects of Direct Thermal Method Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Semisolid A6061 Feedstock

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. M. Tajudin ◽  
A. H. Ahmad ◽  
M. M. Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Pouring Temperature ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Temperature Water

This paper highlights the effects of pouring temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of aluminium 6061 semisolid feedstock billets. The semisolid metal feedstock billets were prepared by a direct thermal method (DTM), in which the molten metal was poured into a cylindrical copper mould with a different combination of pouring temperature and holding time before it was solidified in room temperature water. The results show that the sample with pouring temperature slightly above aluminium 6061 liquidus temperature has the lowest porosity, thereby the highest mechanical properties value. The sample with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and holding time of 60 s has the density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.701 g/cm3, 146.797 MPa, and 86.5 HV, respectively. Meanwhile, the sample at a pouring temperature of 640 °C and holding time of 20 s has density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.527 g/cm3, 65.39 MPa, and 71.79 HV, respectively. The density and fractography tests were conducted to confirm the existence of porosity within the samples. The results from these experimental works suggested that the mechanical properties of DTM semisolid feedstock billet merely depended on processing parameters, which influenced the porosity level within the feedstock billet, thus directly affected their mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Characterization of lightweight concrete made of palm oil clinker aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sazlly Nazreen ◽  
Roslli Noor Mohamed ◽  
Mariyana Aida Ab Kadir ◽  
Nazry Azillah ◽  
Nazirah Ahmad Shukri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aggregate Concrete

Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purposes. Lightweight concrete can be categorized into three different types which are no-fine aggregate concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete and aerated concrete. This paper studied the characteristic of the lightweight concrete in term of mechanical properties utilizing the palm oil clinker (POC) as lightweight aggregates. Two mixes of lightweight concrete were developed, namely as POCC100 and POCC50 where each mix utilized 100% and 50% of total replacement to fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The fresh and hardened POC concrete was tested and compared to the normal concrete (NC). The hardened state of the concrete was investigated through density test, ultrasonic pulse velocity, cube compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. From density test results, POC falls into the category of lightweight concrete with a density of 1990.33 kg/m3, which are below than normal weight concrete density. The mechanical properties test results on POCC100 and POCC50 showed that the concrete compressive strength was comparable about 85.70% and 96% compared to NC specimen, respectively. For the flexural strength, POCC50 and POCC100 were comparable about 98% and 97% to NC specimen, respectively. While splitting tensile strength of POCC50 and POCC100 was only 0.6% and 4% lower than NC specimen, respectively. In terms of sustainability of solid waste management, the application of the POC in construction will reduce the redundant of by-products resulted from the palm oil industries. After undergoing various testing of concrete mechanical properties, it can be concluded that POC aggregates was compatible to be used in ligtweight concrete mix proportion.

Fly Ash Based Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Using Foaming Agent Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Zarina Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Foam Generator

This paper presents the mechanical properties of a lightweight geopolymer concrete synthesized by the alkali-activation of a fly ash source (FA) produced by mixing a paste of geopolymer with foam produced by using NCT Foam Generator. Two curing conditions are used, curing at room temperature and curing in an oven with a constant temperature which is 60 oC. Bulk density showed that fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight concrete is light with the density of 1225 kg/m3 - 1667 kg/m3 with an acceptable compressive strength of 17.60 MPa for the density of 1667 kg/m3.

Effects of polypropylene twisted bundle fibers on the mechanical properties of high-strength oil palm shell lightweight concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Kun Yew ◽  
Hilmi Bin Mahmud ◽  
Payam Shafigh ◽  
Bee Chin Ang ◽  
Ming Chian Yew
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Twisted Bundle

scholarly journals Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Arutchelvam Balakrishnan ◽  
Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria ◽  
Bee Aik Tan ◽  
Jaime Yoke Sum Low ◽  
Shwu Fun Kua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. This study shows that a 0.50% (v/v) ethephon application by the evaporation method induced the highest fruit detachment of 30.8 ± 1.1% after 24 h at room temperature, with the FFA content in the extracted crude palm oil at 0.34 ± 0.09%. Ethephon application was effective on bunches between 14 and 28 kg, and fruit detachment was higher in ripe and underripe bunches at 24.1 ± 0.9% and 23.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. A significant fruit detachment of 47.2 ± 2.4% was achieved when the bunches were also stripped mechanically, but the FFA content increased almost 4-fold, from 1.0 ± 0.2% to 3.8 ± 1.2%. The application of ethylene gas at 750 ppm yielded 29.4 ± 1.9% fruit detachment. The findings present the possibility of using ethylene as an indirect method for minimizing oil loss without increasing the FFA content in future crude palm oil production systems.

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