Optimal Moisture Content and Physiological Bases of Rice Seeds Storage at Room Temperature

Ikan kakap putih memiliki kadar air yang tinggi. Ikan segar mudah mengalami kerusakan. Sehingga diperlukan pengawetan. Salah satu metode pengawetan, yaitu dengan pengasapan. Pengasapan dengan asap cair lebih praktis. Asap cair mengandung senyawa fenol, karbonil dan asam rganic. Asap cair dapat diperoleh dari pirolisis batang bambu tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Bush-Kurz). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui masa simpan ikan kakap putih olahan yang direndam dengan asap cair bamboo tabah dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan berbagai metode pengemasan disimpan pada suhu ruang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi asap cair, terdiri dari 0%, 3% dan 6%. Faktor kedua adalah pengemasan, terdiri dari tanpa pengemasan, pengemasan non vakum dan vakum. Setiap perlakuan diulang dua kali. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah konsentrasi 6% dengan pengemasan vakum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ESS (Extended Storage Studies). Masa simpan ikan kakap putih olahan dengan pengaplikasian asap cair bambu tabah dan dikemas vakum adalah 24 jam, dengan kadar air 62,66%, nilai Ph 6,5, kadar protein 28,30%, nilai TPC 4,8 104 koloni/g, nilai kenampakan 6,73, aroma 6,47, rasa 6,60 dan tekstur 6,47. White snapper fish has a high moisture content. the fish may turn to damaged therefore need to preserved. One method for preservation by fumigation. the fumigation by liquid smoke most effective. Liquid smoke consist of phenol, carbonyl and organics acids. the liquid smoke comes from stem of tabah bamboo. (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Buse-Kurz). the purpose of this research is to know shelf life of processed white snapper soaked in liquid smoke with various concentrations and packaging where store at room temperature. the used method is complete random planning within two factors. the first factor is the concentration of liquid smoke, consisting og 0%, 3% and 6%. the second factor is packaging, consisting of without packaging, non-vacuum, and vacuum. Each treatment was repeated twice. the best combination of treatment is 6% concentration with vacuum packaging. This research uses the method ESS (Extended Storage Studies). the shelf life white snapper fish processd by application of tabah bamboo liquid smoke in vacuum packed 24 hour, with a moisture content of 62.66%, ph 6,5, protein 28.30%, TPC 4.8 104 colony/g, visibility 6.73, smell 6.47, taste 6.60, and texture 6.47.

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Cocoa husks: a sustainable resource for alkali production

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 2652-2658

Author(s):

M. Maliki ◽

I.H. Ifijen ◽

S.O. Omorogbe

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Ash Content ◽

Metal Analysis ◽

Potassium Sodium ◽

Edo State

Nigeria has no commercial alkali plant and most of her alkali requirements are imported. Thus the sustainability of using cocoa husks as resource for alkali production was investigated. Cocoa husks collected from three locations in Edo State; (CH1), (CH2) and (CH3) were separately burnt to ashes. Moisture content of ashes ranged from 72.25 ± 1.92% to 74.75 ± 4.11%, dry matter from 25.26 ± 4.11% to 27.76± 1.92 %, while ash content ranged from 20.29 ± 3.00% to 23.01 ± 3.71%. Alkali was extracted from the ashes by leaching with water at room temperature and CH1 had highest alkaline content (0.84± 0.01 M) while CH2 had the lowest (0.78± 0.02 M). Conductivity of the extract was 72.45± 0.03 s/m, 71.02± 0.02 s/m and 71.64± 0.01 s/m, while the pH was 11.655± 0.02 s/m, 11.40± 0.01 s/m and 11.42 ± 0.02 s/m respectively for CH1 CH2 and CH3. Metal analysis revealed that they contain appreciable potassium (CH1 = 43.54%, CH2= 41.15% and CH3= 41.67%) and sodium (CH1 = 34.78%, CH2 = 37.55% and CH3 = 34.86%) ions, thus can be used to generate alkali as alternative to foreign alkali, reduce Nigerian dependence on foreign alkali and providing environmental solution to their disposal problem.Keywords: Potassium, sodium, ash extract, wastes

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619 PB 325 Respiration as an indicator of health in excised, dormant vegetative apple buds subjected to cryopreservation treatments

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.521a ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 521a-521

Author(s):

L.E. Towill ◽

S.A. Blackman

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Sublethal Injury ◽

The Status ◽

And Storage

cryopreservation of dormant, vegetative apple buds at the National Seed Storage Laboratory is used to maintain a base collection for germplasm held in the National Clonal Germplasm Repository for apple and grape, Geneva, NY, and is performed by a method previously reported1. Growth of buds after grafting is now used to test for survival after exposure to and storage at very low temperatures (ca.-160°C). We are interested in determining if measures of respiration can be used to assess 1. the status of buds and bark used for preservation, 2. survival after different treatments related to cryopreservation, and 3. the extent of sublethal injury after treatments. A Licor 6252 CO2 analyzer was used to measure respiration. Reproducible measurements of respiration required at least 2-3 buds. Buds from winter harvested twigs (ca 45-48% moisture content) that were briefly warmed to room temperature respired at a rate of 34 umoles CO2 g-1 (dw) hr-1. Survival of buds is enhanced if twigs are dried prior to cooling. We found such treatments reduced respiration over non-dried controls. Respiration increased as the bud was rehydrated. Buds from dried twigs slowly cooled to low temperatures had levels of respiration after warming and rehydrating similar to undried, unfrozen controls. Buds from undried twigs directly placed at -196°C and warmed gave little CO2 production.

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Study on the Influence of Moisture Content and Drying-Wetting Cycles on the Shear Strength Index of Silt in the West Bank of Qinghai Lake

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/8675013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Jixiang Yan ◽

Jiake Tan ◽

Yi Liao

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Shear Test ◽

West Bank ◽

Qinghai Lake ◽

Strength Index ◽

The West ◽

Wetting And Drying ◽

Optimal Moisture Content ◽

Shearing Strength

In this paper, the expressway engineering case along the west bank of Qinghai Lake is taken as the research background, and the typical “aquatic grassland” silt on the west bank of Qinghai Lake is taken as the research object. Through the geotechnical test, wet-dry cycle test, and direct shear test, the influence of moisture content and wet-dry cycle on the shear strength of silt and its indexes are studied. The results show that the shear strength index c and φ of unmodified silt first increase and then decline with the increase of water content, and the optimal moisture content of the shear strength is about 30%. The values of c, φ, and shear strength of remolded silt decrease with the increase of wetting and drying cycles. When the cycles exceed 5 times, the moisture content does not have much effect on the shearing strength.

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The Influence of Glycerol Monostearate Concentration and Storage Condition on Tomato Powder’s Contents Using Foam Mat Drying Method

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.21.1.1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Putri Ramadhany ◽

Abigail Fern Pramana ◽

Arabella Febiola ◽

Tony Handoko

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Aluminium Foil ◽

Drying Method ◽

High Concentration ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Powder

Tomato is a seasonal horticultural product that has beneficial effects on human health. It contains a high concentration of lycopene and vitamin C. However, tomato production, which continues to increase in Indonesia, is not balanced with its consumption. Due to its high moisture content, harvested tomato relatively has a short shelf-life. Resultantly, the unconsumed tomato will end up being wasted. One way to prolong tomato’s shelf-life is by converting it into powder form. In this research, the tomato was shifted into tomato powder using a foam mat drying method. The weight ratio of GMS to tomato juice was varied: (1) 4%-w/w, (2) 5%-w/w, and (3) 6%-w/w. Tomato powder was then stored in two types of materials (sealed brown glass bottle and laminated aluminium foil (LAF) resealable zipper) and three conditions (refrigerator ( ± 4 ℃), room temperature (± 25.2 ℃) and sun-exposed (± 30 ℃)). According to the results, foam mat drying could maintain the nutrients of the tomato powder. Increasing GMS larger than 5%-w/w had no big impact on reserving lycopene and vitamin C. At 5%-w/w GMS, tomato powder consisted of 1.09%/w/w moisture, 42.58 mg/100 g lycopene, and 123.28 mg/100 g vitamin C. It was found that moisture and vitamin C on tomato powder content was influenced by storage conditions, while lycopene content was influenced by storage material. Moisture content and vitamin C were best maintained at the sun-exposed condition and room temperature, respectively. While lycopene was best stored in the laminated aluminium foil (LAF) resealable zipper.

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Effect of Tempering Conditions on White Sorghum Milling, Flour, and Bread Properties

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081947 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1947

Author(s):

Mohana Yoganandan ◽

Scott R. Bean ◽

Rebecca Miller-Regan ◽

Hulya Dogan ◽

Manoj Kumar Pulivarthi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Hot Water ◽

Volume Index ◽

Bread Making ◽

Roller Milling ◽

Milling Properties ◽

Temperature Water

The effects of room temperature water, hot water, and steam tempering methods were investigated on sorghum kernel physical properties, milling, flour, and bread-making properties. Overall tempering condition and tempering moisture content were found to have a significant effect on the physical properties. Milling properties were evaluated using a laboratory-scale roller milling flowsheet consisting of four break rolls and eight reduction rolls. Room temperature tempering (18% moisture for 24 h) led to better separation of bran and endosperm without negatively impacting flour quality characteristics i.e., particle size distribution, flour yield, protein, ash, damaged starch, and moisture content. Bread produced from the flour obtained from milling sorghum kernels tempered with room temperature water (18% m.c for 24 h) and hot water (16% m.c at 60 °C for 18 h) displayed better bread-making properties i.e., high firmness, resilience, volume index, higher number of cells, and thinner cell walls when compared to other tempering conditions. Room temperature water tempering treatment (18% m.c for 24 h) could be a better pretreatment process for milling white sorghum kernels without negatively impacting the flour and bread-making quality characteristics.

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Ruptura de la latencia física y germinación de semillas de Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae)

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Maribel Apodaca-Martínez ◽

Victor Manuel Cetina Alcalá ◽

Jesús Jasso-Mata ◽

Miguel Ángel López-López ◽

Héctor González-Rosas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Block Design ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Germination Speed

Backgraund: The low availability, low percentage of germination, pests, and juvenile period higher than 25 years, are the problems to propagate C. pentadactylon by seed.Hypothesis: There is morphophysiological variation of the seeds between trees and the pregerminative treatments increase the percentage and speed of germination in seeds with six months of storage at room temperature.Species studied: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat.Study site and year of study: Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Campus Montecillo, Estado de Mexico, Mex. June, 2016Methods: The moisture content, the viability and the effect of pregerminative treatments on the percentage and speed of germination of the seeds were determined. A randomized block design was used. The random blocks included the treatments: 1 (mechanical scarification + cold stratification at 5 ° C for 5 days), 2 (mechanical scarification + imbibition for 12 h), 3 (mechanical scarification + cut at the base of the seed) and 4 (control). The treatments were randomized within each block.Results: The moisture content was less than 10 % and the viability was 100 %. Significant differences between treatments were found for germination percent. The Tukey test (α = 0.05) showed differences between pregerminative treatments 1, 2 and 3 with respect to T4. Germination speed recorded the highest value in treatment 3.Conclusions: With treatments 1, 2 or 3, more than 77 % germination was obtained. Treatment 3 showed greater germination speed, which is important for seedling production.

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Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yongkriat KU-OR ◽

NISA LEKSUNGNOEN ◽

CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY ◽

TUSHAR ANDRIYAS

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Arable Land ◽

Seed Longevity ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Short Term ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Storage Methods

Abstract. Ku-or Y, Leksungnoen N, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Andriyas T. 2020. Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis Miq. in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 743-747. Inland salinity is a grave threat to soil fertility as it causes loss of arable land. Salt-tolerant species, such as Buchanania siamensis Miq., can be used for the reclamation of land affected by salinity. We investigated the appropriate conditions to store the seeds of B. siamensis and the storage duration after which the seeds can still germinate. Storage methods included cooling at 4°C and storing at room temperature (between 25-30°C). Seeds kept at 4°C had low germination (6.75% ± 1.71), with longevity of only up to a week, compared to seeds stored at room temperature, which had germination of 94% ± 4.00 and could be stored for more than 200 days. Seed-longevity test was conducted at 14 levels (the number of storage days). Germination was reduced by 50% after 3.5 months, indicating that the seed could only be stored for the short term. The seeds were classified as having an intermediate behavior in which the germination increased exponentially with increasing seed moisture content. We recommend that seeds be stored at a temperature between 25 and 30°C, with sowing done within 3.5 months to obtain germination at or above 50%.

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Factors Impacting the Regrowth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Manure Compost

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1576 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 1576-1584 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

JINKYUNG KIM ◽

FENG LUO ◽

XIUPING JIANG

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Population Increase ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

E Coli ◽

Manure Compost

The environmental variables affecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 regrowth in dairy manure compost were investigated. Factors evaluated were moisture content, strain variation, growth medium of inoculum, level of background microflora and inoculum, different days of composting, and acclimation at room temperature. A mathematical model was applied to describe E. coli O157 regrowth potential in compost. Repopulation occurred in autoclaved compost with a moisture content as low as 20% (water activity of 0.986) in the presence of background microflora of 2.3 to 3.9 log CFU/g. The population of all three E. coli O157 strains increased from ca. 1 to 4.85 log CFU/g in autoclaved compost, with the highest increase in the spinach-outbreak strain. However, E. coli O157 regrowth was suppressed by background microflora at ca. 6.5 log CFU/g. By eliminating acclimation at room temperature and increasing the inoculum level to ca. 3 log CFU/g, E. coli O157:H7 could regrow in the presence of high levels of background microflora. E. coli O157:H7 regrowth in the autoclaved compost collected from the field study was evident at all sampling days, with the population increase ranging from 3.49 to 6.54 log CFU/g. The fate of E. coli O157:H7 in compost was well described by a Whiting and Cygnarowicz-Provost model, with R2 greater than 0.9. The level of background microflora was a significant factor for both growth and death parameters. Our results reveal that a small number of E. coli O157 cells can regrow in compost, and both background microflora and moisture content were major factors affecting E. coli O157:H7 growth.

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Exploring Optimal Tillage Improved Soil Characteristics and Productivity of Wheat Irrigated with Different Water Qualities

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9050233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Ahmed M. S. Kheir ◽

Sami Al-Dhumri ◽

Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽

El-Said H. Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Saline Water ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Root Weight ◽

Optimal Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

Irrigation with low water quality can adversely affect soil characteristics, optimal moisture for tillage, and crop productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. We determined the optimal moisture for tillage processing and the effects of optimal and wet tillage on physical and chemical soil characteristics and wheat productivity after irrigation with different water qualities (waste, saline, and highly saline water). We used the Atterberg limit to determine the suitable moisture content for tillage. Tillage at optimal moisture content improved soil characteristics by reducing soil salinity, sodicity, bulk density, shear strength, compaction, and increasing hydraulic conductivity compared to that of wet tillage. It also enhanced growth and productivity of wheat grown with low quality of water (i.e., fresh and waste water), resulting in higher grain yield and root weight at different growth stages than that of saline and highly saline water. In conclusion, tillage at optimal moisture content alleviates the impact of salinity through improving soil physical and chemical characteristics. Optimum tillage can be applied at 20 and 24 days from the previous irrigation in saline and highly saline soils, respectively. Irrigation with waste water resulted in a higher wheat grain yield than saline and highly saline water.

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