scholarly journals The Role of Pitch and Tempo in Sound-Temperature Crossmodal Correspondences

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian (Janice) Wang ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crossmodal Correspondences ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Temperature Water

We explored the putative existence of crossmodal correspondences between sound attributes and beverage temperature. An online pre-study was conducted first, in order to determine whether people would associate the auditory parameters of pitch and tempo with different imagined beverage temperatures. The same melody was manipulated to create a matrix of 25 variants with five different levels of both pitch and tempo. The participants were instructed to imagine consuming hot, room-temperature, or cold water, then to choose the melody that best matched the imagined drinking experience. The results revealed that imagining drinking cold water was associated with a significantly higher pitch than drinking both room-temperature and hot water, and with significantly faster tempo than room-temperature water. Next, the online study was replicated with participants in the lab tasting samples of hot, room-temperature, and cold water while choosing a melody that best matched the actual tasting experience. The results confirmed that, compared to room-temperature and hot water, the experience of cold water was associated with both significantly higher pitch and fast tempo. Possible mechanisms and potential applications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatments and growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-863
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
A. K. Handa ◽  
Inder Dev ◽  
Asha Ram ◽  
A. R. Uthappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

The seeds of Albizia lebbeck have been observed to exhibit physical dormancy due to presence of hard seed-coat. To overcome this problem, the seeds were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments viz., T1-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h; T2-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h; T3-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 12 h; T4-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 24 h; T5-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h; T6-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h. Untreated seeds served as control (T0). Treatment T3 gave highest germination (96%) which was comparable with T5 (95 %), T4 (94 %) and T6 (93%). Nine growing media viz., T1: soil,  T2: soil+sand (2:1), T3: soil+perlite (2:1), T4: soil+Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (2:1), T5: soil+vermicompost (2:1), T6: soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1), T7: soil+sand+vermicompost (1:1:1), T8: soil+perlite+FYM (1:1:1) and T9: soil+perlite+ vermicompost (1:1:1) were, also, studied for their effect on seedling growth of A. lebbeck. Among these media, maximum values of shoot length (23.82 cm), root length (21.14 cm), collar diameter (3.59 mm) and seedling quality index (0.350) were observed in T7.

Adverse Effects of Long-Term Ice-Cold Water Drink on Rat Liver Function and Histology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Abdul Ghafour Saeedy ◽  
Ahmad Faisal Faiz ◽  
Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh ◽  
Bagher Minaei Zangi ◽  
Mansoor Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Care Period

Drinking ice-cold water is prohibited in Avicenna’s “The Canon of Medicine” book in which he emphasized that ice-cold water drinking was hazardous for the body organs such as the liver. Little information can be found regarding the effects of ice-cold fluid drinks on liver and its probable sequels on this vital organ. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of long-term ice-cold water drink on the rat liver function and histology. Eighteen male Wistar rats, weighing 180±20 g, were randomly divided into three groups of six as two months ice-cold water drink, CW2M; three months ice-cold water drink, CW3M; and three months room temperature water drink; control group. Upon completion of the care period, a blood sample has been taken for liver enzymes and lipid profile assessment. Liver tissue has also been used for histological studies of H&E staining and microscopic examination. Histological findings showed hepatocellular micro-vesicle formation, necrosis and derangement of the cellular cords and infiltration of Kupffer cells in ice-cold water taken animals. Serum TGs, VLDL-C and ALP significantly increased with sound decrease in FBS and LDL-C in ice-cold water taken animals. It seems that long-term ice-cold water has deleterious functional and structural effects on the liver.

scholarly journals Effect of Tempering Conditions on White Sorghum Milling, Flour, and Bread Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Mohana Yoganandan ◽  
Scott R. Bean ◽  
Rebecca Miller-Regan ◽  
Hulya Dogan ◽  
Manoj Kumar Pulivarthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Roller Milling ◽  
Milling Properties ◽  
Temperature Water

The effects of room temperature water, hot water, and steam tempering methods were investigated on sorghum kernel physical properties, milling, flour, and bread-making properties. Overall tempering condition and tempering moisture content were found to have a significant effect on the physical properties. Milling properties were evaluated using a laboratory-scale roller milling flowsheet consisting of four break rolls and eight reduction rolls. Room temperature tempering (18% moisture for 24 h) led to better separation of bran and endosperm without negatively impacting flour quality characteristics i.e., particle size distribution, flour yield, protein, ash, damaged starch, and moisture content. Bread produced from the flour obtained from milling sorghum kernels tempered with room temperature water (18% m.c for 24 h) and hot water (16% m.c at 60 °C for 18 h) displayed better bread-making properties i.e., high firmness, resilience, volume index, higher number of cells, and thinner cell walls when compared to other tempering conditions. Room temperature water tempering treatment (18% m.c for 24 h) could be a better pretreatment process for milling white sorghum kernels without negatively impacting the flour and bread-making quality characteristics.

HOT WATER-REPELLENT SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES WITH LONG-TERM STABILITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI SEONG CHOI ◽  
SEONG MIN KANG
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Cassie State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Water

In this paper, we fabricate and evaluate superhydrophobic surfaces with mushroom-shaped microstructures. Using a silicon master and polymer microstructure patterning, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces bearing mushroom-shaped structures with five different spacing ratios are prepared and tested with water droplets of different temperatures. The fabricated PDMS surfaces demonstrate superhydrophobicity even to high-temperature water droplets with decreased surface tension. We compare the experimental data with the theoretical results calculated based on the Cassie state and Eötvös rule. Our work suggests potential applications to control wettability with liquids of various temperatures.

scholarly journals Aberration-corrected cryoimmersion light microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Faoro ◽  
Margherita Bassu ◽  
Yara X. Mejia ◽  
Till Stephan ◽  
Nikunj Dudani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Water Immersion Objective ◽  
Temperature Water

Cryogenic fluorescent light microscopy of flash-frozen cells stands out by artifact-free fixation and very little photobleaching of the fluorophores used. To attain the highest level of resolution, aberration-free immersion objectives with accurately matched immersion media are required, but both do not exist for imaging below the glass-transition temperature of water. Here, we resolve this challenge by combining a cryoimmersion medium, HFE-7200, which matches the refractive index of room-temperature water, with a technological concept in which the body of the objective and the front lens are not in thermal equilibrium. We implemented this concept by replacing the metallic front-lens mount of a standard bioimaging water immersion objective with an insulating ceramic mount heated around its perimeter. In this way, the objective metal housing can be maintained at room temperature, while creating a thermally shielded cold microenvironment around the sample and front lens. To demonstrate the range of potential applications, we show that our method can provide superior contrast in Escherichia coli and yeast cells expressing fluorescent proteins and resolve submicrometer structures in multicolor immunolabeled human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells at −140°C.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ice-Cold Water Drink Induced Testicular Damage and Altered Sperm Characteristics in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Abdul Ghafour Saeedy ◽  
Ahmad Faisal Faiz ◽  
Keivan Lorian ◽  
Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh ◽  
Bagher Minaei Zangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Temperature Water

An inappropriate lifestyle and nutritional habits such as high fat, high calorie food intake and quality of drinking water can change sperm parameters. Despite the fact that there are different and sometimes contradictory beliefs about the suitable temperature for drinking water, unfortunately, there is not much proven evidence. There are some long-term adverse effects of cold-water intake like liver, gastrointestinal and other internal organ damages and dysfunction. Regarding the high consumption of ice-cold water as a beverage and its probable role for infertility based on some trivial evidence and clinical senses, evaluation of the effects of ice-cold water drinking on reproductive system is noteworthy. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to assess the effect of long-term drinking of ice-cold water on the sperm count, morphology and motility and testis histology. Twenty-four male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): Intervention groups that used ice-cold water (4°C) for two months (CW2M), three months (CW3M), two months ice-cold water and then one-month room-temperature water (CW2M + 1MRW), and control group that used room-temperature water. Spermatogram and histology of testis were assessed. Ice-cold water drink for the long run, reduced sperm count and sperm progressive motility; increased the percentage of non-motile sperm; changed normal morphology of sperm and destroyed Sertoli and Leydig cells. In conclusion, long-term ice-cold water drinking ought to be noxious for testis function and structure.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of pre-treatment of Oil Palm Shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate using hot water 50-°C and room temperature water 28-°C to lightweight concrete strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Sung Taek Lee ◽  
Nuraziz Handika ◽  
Elly Tjahjono ◽  
Essy Arijoeni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Oil Inventories ◽  
Temperature Water

With a rapidly growing population, the need for homes is increasing, which means the demand for housing material is also increasing in Indonesia. On the other hand, as the largest producer of palm oil in the world, Indonesia produces almost half of the world’s palm oil inventories. Oil palm shells (OPS) are agricultural solid end products from palm oil manufacturing processes. In this research, the use of OPS waste as substitution materials for making concrete is investigated. In order to be used as structural building material, some mechanical properties of materials must achieve the requirements of the National Standard SNI. The general objective of this research is to understand the effect of the pretreatment process on OPS aggregate on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight concrete. To do so, first, pre-treatment on the OPS is performed using hot water (50°C) and room temperature water (26-28°C). Second, by using the most effective mixed proportions from previous research in laboratory, pre-treated OPS is used to cast concrete. Third, some experimental tests are carried out to evaluate its mechanical properties, such as: concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength (split test). Then, behaviour from both different treatments are compared and discussed. Finally, this research can determine which method gives better result for the application of OPS as biosource substituent material.

scholarly journals The Pressor Response to the Drinking of Cold Water and Cold Carbonated Water in Healthy Younger and Older Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kubota ◽  
Yutaka Endo ◽  
Mitsue Kubota ◽  
Hiroko Miyazaki ◽  
Tomohiko Shigemasa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Acute Hypotension ◽  
Carbonated Water ◽  
Temperature Water

Purpose: Water drinking has been proposed for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension because it can increase blood pressure in patients. This study aimed to investigate whether drinking water with a cold or carbonation stimulus would cause a more effective pressor response, and whether it would be greater in older than in younger adults.Methods: We assessed blood pressure and heart rate from non-invasive arterial pressure (a volume-clamp method) and type II electrocardiography in 13 healthy young adults (6 females, 7 males; mean age, 19.9 ± 1.1 years) and nine healthy older adults (all females; mean age, 71.4 ± 4.2 years) who drank 200 mL of cold, cold carbonated, and room temperature water.Results: The pressor response to the drinking of cold and cold carbonated water was greater than that to room temperature water in both younger and older participants (p < 0.05; changes in systolic blood pressure of room temperature water, cold water and cold carbonated water in young: 15.31 ± 9.66, 22.56 ± 11.51 and 32.6 ± 17.98 mmHg, respectively; changes in systolic blood pressure of room temperature water, cold water and cold carbonated water in elderly: 21.84 ± 14.31, 41.53 ± 19.82 and 48.16 ± 16.77 mmHg, respectively). In addition, the pressor response to cold and cold carbonated water was persistent during the recovery period by about 5–10 mmHg (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the pressor response during the drinking and recovery periods was greater in the older than in the younger participants (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our data suggest that even smaller amounts of water are able to elicit a sustained pressor response, in particular if the water is cold and carbonated. We speculate that the pressor effect may render cold and carbonated water an appropriate first aid method against certain forms of acute hypotension.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

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