Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Activity of Chia Protein Techno-Functional Extensive Hydrolysates

Twelve high-quality chia protein hydrolysates (CPHs) were produced from chia protein isolate (CPI) in a pilot plant of vegetable proteins. To obtain functional hydrolysate, four CPHs were hydrolyzed by the action of Alcalase, an endoprotease, and the other eight CPHs were hydrolyzed by the action of Flavourzyme, an exoprotease. Alcalase-obtained CPHs showed significant antihypertensive properties particularly, the CPH obtained after 15 min of hydrolysis with Alcalase (CPH15A), which showed a 36.2% hydrolysis degree. In addition, CPH15A increased the antioxidant capacity compared to CPI. The CPH15A physicochemical composition was characterized and compared to chia defatted flour (CDF) and CPI, and its techno-functional properties were determined by in vitro experiments through the analysis of its oil absorption capacity, as well as the capacity and stability of foaming and emulsifying, resulting in an emulsifier and stabilizer better than the intact protein. Therefore, the present study revealed that CPH15A has potent antihypertensive and antioxidant properties and can constitute an effective alternative to other plant protein ingredients sources that are being used in the food industry.

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Antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of wonderful cola (Buchholzia coriacea) seed protein and enzymatic protein hydrolysates

Journal of Food Bioactives ◽

10.31665/jfb.2018.3156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 133-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Oluwole S. Ijarotimi ◽

Sunday A. Malomo ◽

Adeola M. Alashi ◽

Ifeanyi D. Nwachukwu ◽

Tayo N. Fagbemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Active Inhibitor ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Peptide Fractions

The aim of this work was to produce wonderful cola protein hydrolysate fractions with in vitro antioxidant properties coupled with blood pressure-reducing ability when orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wonderful cola protein isolate (WCI) was hydrolyzed with pancreatin to produce a hydrolysate (WCH), which was subjected to ultrafiltration separation using 1, 3, 5, and 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off membranes to obtain <1, 1–3, 3–5 and 5–10 kDa peptide fractions, respectively. The <1 and 1–3 kDa fractions had higher contents of arginine when compared to the 3–5 and 5–10 kDa peptides. The WCH and <1 kDa peptide fraction had significantly (p < 0.05) better DPPH radical scavenging (55–67%) and metal chelation (83–93%) activities but lower hydroxyl radical scavenging power (10–32%) than the WCI (46, 46 and 63%, respectively). The <1 kDa had significantly (p < 0.05) higher in vitro inhibition (80%) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity while the 5–10 kDa was the most active inhibitor (90%) of renin activity. All peptide fractions so produced had better systolic and diastolic blood pressure-lowering effects than WCH and WCI. However, the <1 kDa fraction produced significantly (p < 0.05) stronger systolic (−33 mmHg) and diastolic (−30 mmHg) blood pressure reductions 6 h after oral gavage to SHRs. Thus, wonderful cola proteins contain encrypted bioactive peptides that may be used to formulate antioxidant and antihypertensive products.

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Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9060528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Obdulia Parra-Rivero ◽

Marcelo Paes de Barros ◽

María del Mar Prado ◽

José-Vicente Gil ◽

Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Gene ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Oxygen Absorption ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Gibberellin Production

Neurosporaxanthin (NX) is a carboxylic carotenoid produced by some filamentous fungi, including species of the genera Neurospora and Fusarium. NX biosynthetic genes and their regulation have been thoroughly investigated in Fusarium fujikuroi, an industrial fungus used for gibberellin production. In this species, carotenoid-overproducing mutants, affected in the regulatory gene carS, exhibit an upregulated expression of the NX pathway. Based on former data on a stimulatory effect of nitrogen starvation on carotenoid biosynthesis, we developed culture conditions with carS mutants allowing the production of deep-pigmented mycelia. With this method, we obtained samples with ca. 8 mg NX/g dry mass, in turn the highest concentration for this carotenoid described so far. NX-rich extracts obtained from these samples were used in parallel with carS-complemented NX-poor extracts obtained under the same conditions, to check the antioxidant properties of this carotenoid in in vitro assays. NX-rich extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than NX-poor extracts, either when considering their quenching activity against [O2(1Δg)] in organic solvent (singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assays) or their scavenging activity against different free radicals in aqueous solution and in liposomes. These results make NX a promising carotenoid as a possible feed or food additive, and encourage further studies on its chemical properties.

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Characterization of okra seed flours, protein concentrate, protein isolate and enzymatic hydrolysates

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s43014-021-00059-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Amaka Nnamezie ◽

Akinsola Albert Famuwagun ◽

Saka Olasunkanmi Gbadamosi

Keyword(s):

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Foaming Properties ◽

World Population ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Seed Flours

Abstract The need to feed the increasing world population with high quality protein and the enormous post-harvest losses of okra fruits necessitated the research on okra seeds in this study. Whole flour (WF) of matured okra seed was processed to obtain defatted flour (DF), protein concentrate (PC) and protein isolate (PI), followed by hydrolysis of the protein isolate by three different proteases; pepsin (PHp), pancreatin (PHc) and trypsin (PHT) to produce hydrolysates. The okra seed flours, proteins and the hydrolysates were analyzed for changes in the functional groups using Fourier, Transform Infrared (FTIR), amino acid composition, solubility profile and some functional properties. The FTIR results showed the presence of N-H stretching, C=O stretching, C=N stretching N-H bending and C-N stretching in the samples. Protein hydrolysate had higher essential amino acids (51.32–53.01%) than unhydrolysed samples (36.31–37.99%). PI and WF had the highest water absorption and swelling capacities respectively. The solubility profiles of the samples were minimal at pH 2–4 and then increased after the isoelectric point. The PC was more soluble than PI between pH 2–8. The foaming properties of the samples was least in the absence of salt but high in the presence of 0.5 M sodium chloride. The emulsion capacity of the samples was least in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl. The in-vitro protein digestibility results showed that okra seed protein hydrolysates were more digestible (83.26–86.08%) than unhydrolyzed proteins (36.48–80.90%). The results of the antioxidant properties showed that PHp and PHT exhibited better radical scavenging and metal chelating activities respectively than the other samples. The study concluded that okra seed proteins and hydrolysates demonstrated potentials as ingredients in functional food preparation and this may be considered as a strategy to reducing the post-harvest losses of okra fruit and subsequently feeding the world with quality proteins. Graphical abstract

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Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Mohammad Mukarram ◽

Sadaf Choudhary ◽

Mo Ahamad Khan ◽

Palmiro Poltronieri ◽

M. Masroor A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Industry Applications ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

The prominent cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds, such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive compounds. These components confer various pharmacological actions to LEO, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These LEO attributes are commercially exploited in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the application of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, their effects have not yet been assessed in the human system. Hence, further studies on the anticancer mechanisms conferred by LEO components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of LEO in combating cancer and sustaining human healthcare, as well as in food industry applications.

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Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

10.20944/preprints202106.0500.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Mukarram ◽

Sadaf Choudhary ◽

Mo Ahamad Khan ◽

Palmiro Poltronieri ◽

M. Masroor A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Industry Applications ◽

Oil Components ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

The prominent cultivation of lemongrass relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. The lemongrass essential oil (LEO) has a significant amount of citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol in addition to numerous other bioactive compounds. These components confer various medicinal activities to LEO including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These attributes are commercially exploited in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the employment of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, these effects have not been assessed yet in humans. Further studies on the anticancer mechanisms exerted by lemongrass components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of lemongrass extracts in cancer and health treatment, and in food industry applications.

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Composition and functional bioactive properties of bambara groundnut protein and hydrolysates

10.51415/10321/1747 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Abimbola Kemisola Arise

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Molecular Size ◽

Acid Precipitation ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Major Protein ◽

Protein Concentrates

Bambara groundnut (Vigna substerranea) is an indigenous legume of African origin which is currently experiencing a low level utilisation. It is tolerant to drought and can grow under poor soil conditions in which other lucrative crops such as groundnut cannot grow. Bambara is a good source of protein comparable to that of cowpea and slightly lower than soya bean. In order to assess the potential use of bambara protein as a functional ingredient in food systems and as an important ingredient for the formulation of therapeutic product, the knowledge of its protein composition, structure and functionality becomes important. The main goal of this thesis was to determine the composition and bioactive properties of bambara protein and its hydrolysates. Specifically, a comparative study was carried out on the protein content, yield and functional properties of protein concentrates prepared from three different bambara landraces using different extraction methods (Salt solubilisation and Acid precipitation). There was no significant difference in protein content, yield and functional properties of the landraces. However, the method of extraction had an influence on their physicochemical and functional properties. Acid precipitation produced bambara protein concentrates with high protein content and yield (79% and 52% respectively) when compared to salt solubilisation (protein content - 57% and yield - 25%). Protein concentrates prepared through salt solubilisation method exhibited better functional properties in terms of water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability and emulsion activities when compared to concentrates obtained through acid precipitation. Furthermore, the composition of bambara proteins produced through isoelectric precipitation was determined. SDS PAGE revealed four major bands; a broad band at 55 kDa which was analysed to be vicilin, two medium bands at 62 kDa and 80 kDa and a high molecular weight (HMW) protein at 141 kDa. Further investigation of bambara protein revealed vicilin (55 kDa) with two sub units as the major protein in bambara and this was also confirmed by the proteomic map. The proteomic map revealed acidic amino acids as the major protein of bambara which is characteristic of vicilin, the map also showed that there were differences in the number of spots across the landraces with 77 spots matching each other. Circular dichroism spectroscopy exhibited reductions in α-helix, and β-pleated sheet conformations as pH varies. In addition, the tertiary structures as observed from the near-UV CD spectra were also influenced by shifts in pH conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms showed two endothermic peaks at around 67 and 81oC respectively. These can be attributed to thermal denaturation of vicilin and the HMW protein. Subsequent studies used isolates from red bambara since the composition of the landraces were similar. Bambara protein isolate was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using three proteases (alcalase, pepsin and trypsin) to produce various bambara protein hydrolysates (BPHs). BPHs were investigated for antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The in vitro structural and functional characteristics of bambara protein and its enzymatic protein hydrolysate revealed that bambara groundnut possessed antioxidant properties against a variety of physiologically relevant free radicals. High surface hydrophobicity and the molecular size of the peptide seem to be important for scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, ferric reducing power and metal chelation. BPHs and peptide fractions were able to scavenge DPPH radicals with greater affinity for smaller size. Less than 1 and 1-3 kDa pepsin fraction was able to scavenge DPPH radical more than glutathione, BPHs and its fractions scavenge ABTS•+ three folds than the isolate. Scavenging of superoxide radicals was generally weak except for 5-10 kDa peptide fractions. All BPHs inhibited linolenic acid oxidation with greater affinity for the lower molecular size peptide. BPHs showed potential antihypertensive properties because of the in vitro inhibition of activities of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin inhibition. The molecular size had significant effect on the ACE inhibitory properties with low molecular weight peptide (<1 kDa) fractions exhibiting significantly higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activities. However, enzyme type had synergistic effects on renin inhibition with alcalase hydrolysate showing highest inhibition at 59% when compared to other hydrolysates and their membrane fractions. The fractions with <1 and 1-3 kDa peptides showed a higher potential as antihypertensive and antioxidant peptides. Based on this study, incorporation of bambara protein isolate as an ingredient may be useful for the manufacture of high quality food products. Likewise, the bambara protein hydrolysates, especially the <1 kDa and 1-3 kDa fraction represent a potential source of bioactive peptides in formulating functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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Carotenoids: From Plants to Food Industry

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue1.04 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 38-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

G Zakynthinos ◽

T Varzakas

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Free Radical Theory ◽

Radical Theory ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

In Vitro System ◽

Theory Of Aging ◽

Β Carotene

Carotenoids have been studied for their ability to prevent chronic disease due to the free radical theory of aging in chronic disease etiology. β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthine and others carotenoids have antioxidant properties, but the antioxidant capability is variable depending on the in vitro system used The physiology, structure and biochemistry is well described. Moreover, sources of carotenoids and health effects along with bioavailability-absorption and metabolism, of carotenoids are well addressed. The effect of carotenoids on biotechnology and the food industry is significantly attributed. Finally, carotenoids as fortified substances in foods and special aspects about carotenenoids as health promoters are well presented along with a glance of carotenoids economics.

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Functional properties of proteins isolated from industrially produced sunflower meal

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v3i2.225 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Petia Ivanova ◽

Vesela Ivanova Chalova ◽

Lidia Koleva

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Foam Stability ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Protein Isolates ◽

Ph Values ◽

Meal Protein ◽

Future Potential ◽

Influence Of Ph

Protein isolate 1 (PI1) and protein isolate 2 (PI2) were prepared from industrially produced sunflower meal by using isoelectric and ethanol precipitation respectively. The water absorption capacity of PI1 was 6 times higher than that of PI2 and was significantly reduced by the presence of 0.03 M and 0.25 M NaCl. Oil absorption capacity of both protein isolates was not influenced by NaCl supplementation. Foam capacity of PI1 and PI2 was pH-dependent. While the foam capacity of both isolates was improved by either 0.03 M or 0.25 M NaCl, the foam stability was negatively influenced by the addition of NaCl at all pH values with except for pH 4. Emulsifying activity of PI1 and PI2 was lowest at pH 4. The emulsions exhibited relatively high stability (> 90%) under all studied conditions. Knowledge of the influence of pH and boundary concentrations of NaCl on the functionality of sunflower meal protein isolates could be beneficial for their future potential application in food industry.

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Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8080317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 317 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jitka Viktorova ◽

Milena Stranska-Zachariasova ◽

Marie Fenclova ◽

Libor Vitek ◽

Jana Hajslova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Complex Evaluation

Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.

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MICROPROPAGATION OF CHICKPEA FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODE SEGMENT

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i2pp270-274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. D. BARSHILE

Keyword(s):

Shoot Tip ◽

Root Induction ◽

Multiple Response ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Rapid Multiplication ◽

Micro Propagation ◽

G 12 ◽

Better Than

Present investigation was undertaken to standardize technique for in vitro micro-propagation of chickpea( Cicer arietinum ) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 12). Micropropagation method for chickpea was established and this method enabled much more efficient propagation of plants. The present work was aimed at evolving a protocol for rapid multiplication of chickpea using micropropagation technique. Explants from shoot tip and node segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin (1.0 to 2.5 mg/l) and their growth responses like shooting were elucidated. The maximum multiple response was observed with 2 mg/l concentration of BAP from both types of explant. The highest number of shoots (12.5 ± 0.3) was achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP using node segments. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP was found better than all other concentrations. Individual shoots were transferred to IBA and IAA (1.0-1.5 mg/l) for root induction. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of IBA proved better for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in greenhouse and established in the pot.

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