How Do Consumers Perceive Sensory Attributes of Apple?

Pomological characteristics and consumer acceptability of four scab-resistant apple cultivars (‘Topaz’, ‘Florina’, ‘Goldstar’ and ‘Golden Orange’) and standard commercial cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’ were investigated. Consumer acceptability consisted of rating fruit samples on Likert scales measuring appearance, flavour, size, sweetness, acidity, crispiness, juiciness, skin texture and general impression. Consumers better evaluated the cultivar ‘Topaz’ sensory characteristics of flavour, juiciness, taste and general impression than other evaluated scab-resistant apple cultivars and the cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’. ‘Golden Delicious’ got good grades for appearance, size and sweetness. ‘Topaz’ also had the best pomological characteristic related to measured fruit firmness, contents of soluble solids and organic acids. It can be concluded that only the cultivar ‘Topaz’ among the scab-resistant apple cultivars achieved a good consumer assessment.

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Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p967-972 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 967-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João M. de S. Miranda ◽

Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽

Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽

Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽

Joston S. de Assis

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Skin Color ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

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Seven-year orchard performance of eleven new apple cultivars from Holovousy in comparison with some commonly grown ones

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/3752-hortsci ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Blažek ◽

J. Křelinová

Keyword(s):

Early Summer ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Chemical Protection ◽

Biennial Bearing ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars

 In an orchard trial that was established in the spring of 1999 on M 9 rootstock at the spacing of 4 × 1 m, eleven new apple cultivars bred in Holovousy (Angold, Julia, Nabella, Primadela, Produkta, Resista, Rubinstep, Rucla, Selena, Vysočina and Zuzana) were evaluated in comparison with three standard varieties (Gala, Golden Delicious and Jonagold) and another two with resistance to scab (Rosana and Topaz). In the first three years, the incidence of scab and mildew was evaluated under limited chemical protection. In 2000–2005 on each of 10 randomly selected trees of each cultivar, the time of flowering and optimum harvest ripening were recorded, flower set and fruit sets were rated, yield per tree and weight of 10 fruit samples were measured. Trunk diameter was measured between 2002 and 2005. The early summer apple Julia had the healthiest state and it was recommended for organic growing. Selena was the most precocious, the least vigorous and had the highest crop efficiency. The highest annual yields per tree were recorded with Produkta, but this cultivar had the highest proportion of trees with biennial bearing. Primadela achieved the highest cumulative yields, whereas Angold brought the largest fruits on average. With the obtained results, the evaluated cultivars were characterised by some important features or recommendations for growers.  

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Effects of Thermal and High-Pressure Processing on Quality Features and the Volatile Profiles of Cloudy Juices Obtained from Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious Apple Cultivars

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10123046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3046

Author(s):

Claudia Maria Liberatore ◽

Martina Cirlini ◽

Tommaso Ganino ◽

Massimiliano Rinaldi ◽

Silvia Tomaselli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

High Pressure Processing ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Volatile Profile ◽

Stabilization Treatment ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars

In this study, juices extracted from three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious) were stabilized by means of thermal treatment (TT) and high-pressure processing (HPP, 600 MPa 3 min); pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, color, and viscosity, as well as volatile profile, were investigated. Qualitative characteristics (pH, titratable acidity, colorimetric parameters, viscosity, and volatile profile) results were significantly influenced by both cultivars and treatments; for example, juice viscosity greatly increased after HPP treatment for Golden Delicious, and after both TT and HPP for Pinova, while no influence of stabilization treatment was registered for Red Delicious juices. Regarding the volatile profile, for Golden Delicious cultivar, HPP treatment determined an increase in volatile compounds for most of the classes considered, leading to a supposed quality implementation. For the other two cultivars, the stabilization treatment that better preserved the volatile profile was the HPP one, even if the results were quite similar to the thermal treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate different time/pressure combinations that could give better results, depending on the specific apple cultivar.

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AVG Effects on Preharvest Apple Fruit Drop and Maturity in Virginia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.694f ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 694f-695

Author(s):

Ross E. Byers

Keyword(s):

Apple Fruit ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Color Development ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Red Color ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Standard Rate

AVG applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date for several cultivars dramatically reduced pre-harvest fruit drop. The loss of fruit firmness and starch loss after the optimum harvest date was reduced by AVG sprays. The development of watercore in `Starkrimson Delicious' and `York' and maturity cracking in `Rome' and `Golden Delicious' were delayed and/or prevented by AVG. Color development was slightly delayed for most red cultivars and `Golden Delicious'. Soluble solids concentration was generally unchanged. Airblast applications of 123 g·ha–1 AVG was no more effective than a standard rate of NAA (28 to 56 g·ha–1), but rates of 248 g·ha–1 AVG and above were more effective than NAA for most cultivars. When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA hastened the loss of fruit firmness and starch and NAA increased watercore of `Delicious' and maturity cracking of `Golden Delicious' and `Law Rome'. Soluble solids and red color were generally unaffected by NAA. Ethephon sprays hastened the rate of fruit drop. When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, NAA delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not. The use of superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses; however, the silicone surfactant Silwet L-77, in one experiment, promoted the effectiveness of AVG. Tank mixing NAA or AVG with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan) did not affect the responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drop.

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A comparison of apple cultivars regarding ethylene production and physico-chemical changes during cold storage

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/653-hortsci ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Goliáš ◽

P. Mýlová ◽

A. Němcová

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Light Hydrocarbons ◽

Titratable Acid ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Sugar Levels

Measurements of titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, ethylene production and weight loss were made for five apple cultivars held in cold storage for 100 days. Carbosieve G in the traps of the enrichment column, which has only a moderate affinity for light hydrocarbons, was found to meet the requirements for the optimal thermal desorption of ethylene (130°C for 2 minutes) from the enrichment column to the analytical column. ANOVA showed significant differences in all these five parameters between the five cultivars Golden Delicious Reinders, Resista, Topaz, Meteor and Rubinstep, and also in the course of storage. In all cases, the changes in titratable acids measured during storage were especially significant, but the observed changes in sugar levels, as measured by refractometry, were too variable to be useful in this context. High rates of ethylene production impacted probably only indirectly on the loss of firmness and the other parameters which were measured. Discriminant analysis of the measurements of firmness, ethylene production and titratable acid provided the best means of differentiating the cultivars, although Golden Delicious Reinders and Resista still could not be completely separated. Other parameters (soluble solids and loss in weight) did not contribute to the discriminant resolution.

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FRUIT PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NEW INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS

FRUIT GROWING RESEARCH ◽

10.33045/fgr.v37.2021.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Madalina Militaru ◽

◽

Victor Bucarciuc ◽

Madalina Butac ◽

Eugenia Maresi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Apple Cultivars

The apple fruit is the second most frequently consumed, after bananas and some quality characteristics like size, gloss, color, and aroma influenced directly the flesh consumption. In this study, the external (weight, size, skin colour) and internal (firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, pH) fruit quality attributes were measured experimentally before the storage, using well defined techniques. 'Corelita', 'Coreal', 'Corealor', 'Coredova', 'Corejuno', 'Coretard', 'Coreagat', 'Coreor' and 'Coreprim' cultivars were registered, in the last 15 years, by Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, as scab resistant varieties. The orchard trial was established at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania in the spring 2014 on MM106 rootstock, at the spacing of 3.5 x 2 m and fruit samples were analyzed in 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons. All studied cultivars were harvested before 'Florina' cv., used as control. Fruit weight was quite variable among genotypes, between 115.15 g at 'Coreal' cv. and 212.41 g at 'Corejuno', and most of the cultivars had smaller fruits than 'Florina' cv. Firmness and total soluble solids varied from 70.5 to 82.61 N and 12.77 to 16.77%Brix. The Hunter color values L, a, b, were found to be in the range of 46.12 to 56.76, - 6.46 to 14, 13.75 to 23.72, respectively. The data about the external and internal fruit quality of new Moldavian scab resistant apple cultivars are useful for growers, in order to introduce in the new orchards only cultivars with high quality fruits.

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Ethylene Inhibitor, 1-Methylcyclopropene, Delays Apple Softening

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.469c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 469c-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylvia M. Blankenship ◽

C.R. Unrath

Keyword(s):

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Commercial Formulation ◽

C Storage ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Ethylene Inhibitor ◽

Apple Cultivars

Three apple cultivars, Jonagold, Ginger Gold, and Gala, were treated at harvest with “EthylBloc,” a commercial formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP). The apples were sealed in a container and the compound entered the fruit as a gas. Apples were treated for 16 h at 22 °C. Fruit were then stored at 22 or 0 °C. In some cases fruit were retreated after 20 days. Overall MCP treated fruit showed less softening than untreated fruit. Soluble solids and starch iodine ratings were similar in all fruit. `Ginger Gold' firmness was 85 N at harvest, and after 20 days at 22 °C it was 75 N in MCP-treated fruit and 53 N in the control. In addition, there were large numbers of rotten fruit in the control, but not in the MCP treated fruit. Fruit firmness in `Gala' was ≈64 N in the control and 95 N in the MCP-treated fruit after 30 days at 22 °C. Treated and untreated fruits stored at 0 °C showed less difference in firmness than fruit stored at 22 °C. However, in `Jonagold' fruit there was a 13 N difference in firmness between treated and untreated fruit after 2 and 4 months 0 °C storage.

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Determination of Biochemical Contents of Fresh, Oven-Dried, and Sun-Dried Peels and Pulps of Five Apple Cultivars (Amasya, Braeburn, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Starking)

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/9916694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Zeynep Ergün

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Food Storage ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars

This study aimed to investigate the biochemical compounds of five different apple cultivars (Amasya, Braeburn, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Starking) grown in the same location and to reveal the differences between peel and pulp in the fresh, oven-dried, and sun-dried samples. Sugar and organic acid contents were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography. Besides, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. The results of these analyses showed that the compounds varied between peel and pulp and among fresh, oven-dried, and sun-dried samples. The largest level of total flavonoid was found in Amasya oven-dried peel, and the largest total phenol, antioxidant activity, fructose, and total sugar levels were observed in Amasya sun-dried peel. Moreover, the largest L-ascorbic acid was detected in Amasya oven-dried pulp. Granny Smith oven-dried pulp was rich in citric, succinic acids, and glucose. Braeburn sun-dried pulp, Golden Delicious oven-dried pulp, and Granny Smith sun-dried pulp contained the largest sucrose, malic acid, and total soluble solids levels, respectively. For data interpretation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and principal component analysis were performed. The peel contained significantly higher total flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity than pulp. Moreover, among fresh, oven-dried, and sun-dried samples, total phenol, succinic acid, malic acid, and L-ascorbic acid significantly differed. As a whole, the pulp was rich in sugars. The results provide valuable information on the food quality parameters of five different apple cultivars. It was demonstrated that consuming apple with its peel is healthier (in terms of total flavonoid, total phenol, antioxidant activity parameters, and L-ascorbic acid), and drying (especially the sun-drying method) is an effective food storage method for apples.

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509 Defoliation Affects Return Bloom, Fruit Set, and Fruit Quality of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.482d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 482D-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David E. Davis ◽

John A. Barden ◽

Ross E. Byers

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Tree Defoliation ◽

Crop Density ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Return Bloom

In 1997 and 1998, we determined the effects of defoliation on return bloom and fruit set following a light cropping year. In one study, `Braeburn' trees were hand-thinned to a crop density (CD) of 3 fruit/cm 2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) in late May 1997, and then either completely defoliated or half of the tree defoliated by hand on one of five dates between June and Sept. 1997. Compared to a nondefoliated control, both whole and half-tree defoliation on all dates reduced fruit count and yield efficiency (kilograms per square centimeter of TCSA) and affected fruit weight, starch, firmness, and soluble solids in 1997. In 1998, return bloom and fruit set were reduced by most 1997 defoliation treatments. Compared to other dates, defoliation on 3 July caused the greatest reduction in return bloom in both whole and half-defoliated trees. In another study, `Braeburn' trees were hand-thinned to a CD of 5 in late May 1998; complete defoliation by hand on 1, 15, or 29 July reduced return bloom and fruit set in 1999; the 1 July treatment resulted in zero return bloom. `Golden Delicious' and `York' trees were thinned to a CD of 3 in late May 1998 and were hand-defoliated on 21 July or 12 August by removing every other leaf or removing three of every four leaves over the entire tree. In 1999, return bloom and spur and lateral fruit set were reduced by all defoliation treatments. Fruit set was most reduced by the 12 Aug. treatment. Fruit set for `York' was lower than for `Golden Delicious' in all cases.

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Low-input Apple Production Systems Consumer Acceptance of Disease-resistant Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.2.177 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 177-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edward F. Durner ◽

Dean F. Polk ◽

Joseph C. Goffreda

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Preference Test ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Consumer Acceptability ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Apple Production ◽

Preference Ratings ◽

Solids Content

An untrained panel evaluated five apple cultivars [Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Liberty, Prima, Priscilla, and Freedom (all scab resistant) and Spur Red Delicious (Bisbee strain)] in 1988 and 1989 to determine consumer acceptability and opinion of quality. Testers evaluated fruit for five quality characteristics (texture, juiciness, aroma, tartness, and sweetness) plus overall quality in a random, blind taste test on 30 Sept. 1988. Testers consistently identified `Spur Red Delicious' (9% soluble solids content) as undesirable for all attributes. Tasters could not discern differences in juiciness among the cultivars. `Freedom' was rated excellent, `Liberty' and `Prima' very good to good, and `Priscilla' good in overall quality. In a separate blind, random preference test, `Freedom', `Liberty', and `Prima' received higher preference ratings than `Priscilla'. The taste tests were repeated using the same five cultivars on 3 Oct. 1989. `Freedom' and `Liberty' received the highest ratings for overall quality. Freedom received the highest preference ratings. Results, in general, were consistent from year to year. Since we tested only one strain of `Red Delicious', we cannot conclude from this work that resistant cultivars are preferred to any standard; however, we can conclude that resistant cultivars are acceptable to the consumer.

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