scholarly journals Volatile, Sensory and Functional Properties of HydroSOS Pistachios

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Noguera-Artiaga ◽  
Paola Sánchez-Bravo ◽  
David Pérez-López ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Ángel Calin-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
World Population ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Stem Water

Climate change, the increase in world population, and the intensification of urban and industrial activities, will cause a shortage of water for agriculture. This situation requires conscientious studies to manage water deficits without affecting the quality of the crops. In this study, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies and three rootstocks (P. atlantica, P. integerrima, and P. terebinthus) were applied to pistachio cultivation to study the quality of fruits obtained based on the morphological, functional, aroma, and their sensory properties. The results obtained demonstrated that RDI T1 (during phenological phase II of cultivation the stem water potential was maintained around −1.5 MPa) led to pistachios with same morphological properties, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, volatile composition, sensory properties, better profile of fatty acids, and being the favorite ones for international consumers, as compared to pistachios obtained under full irrigation treatments. On the other hand, when P. integerrima was used, pistachios obtained had the highest weight, the lowest content of sucrose and the best functional properties.

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and quality of pear (Pyrus communis cv. Triumph of Vienna)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Carolina Moreno-Hernández ◽  
Javier Enrique Vélez-Sánchez ◽  
Diego Sebastiano Intrigliolo
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve

Crop demands for irrigation require different technologies to optimize the use of water. Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is a strategy that enables a significant reduction of water application without affecting the crop yield and quality, with the advantage of being a tool for control of vegetative growth. The present study was conducted in Sesquile, Cundinamarca (Colombia) between 2015 and 2016. The objective was to evaluate the quality and development of pear crop (Pyrus communis L. cv. Triumph of Vienna) on field conditions, using three treatments of 100%, and 25% of water requirement (ETc) and no irrigation, applied at the rapid fruit growth stage. The mid day stem water potential, plant water relations, pressure-volume curve, fruit yield and quality were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the yield and quality of the fruits among the different irrigation treatments. The trees had the mechanisms of osmotic adjustment, which allowed water stressed trees to cope with irrigation restrictions during the rapid fruit growth stage without affecting the yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Shelling Methods on the Shelling Efficiency, Product Quality, Functional and Sensory Properties of Melon (Egusi) Seeds sold in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Akusu ◽  
B. S. Chibor
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Type I ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Machine Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
Seed Flours

Local Aba made melon shelling machine type I (sample B) and improved Aba made melon shelling machine type 2 (sample C) were used to shell melon seeds and compared with hand shelling method (sample A). The shelling efficiency, quality of shelled melon seeds, functional properties of the seed flours and sensory properties of egusi soups prepared from the melon seeds were determined. The results revealed that sample A gave the highest shelling efficiency of 92.25%, followed by sample C (90.42%) and the least was sample B (80.85%). For the quality of shelled melon seeds, sample A gave the highest score of 95.88%, following by sample C (94.46%) while sample B gave the least score of 79.84%. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the proximate composition of the melon seeds obtained from the three shelling methods (samples A, B and C). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the selected functional properties between samples A and C while sample B had significantly lower values in all the functional properties that were studied. The mean scores for overall acceptability of egusi soup prepared from the shelled melon seeds were; samples A (7.95), sample B (6.02) and sample C (7.72). Functional and sensory properties of the melon seeds shelled by the improved Aba made melon shelling machine type 2 compared favourably with the hand shelled melon seeds. Hence, it can be recommended for commercial operations to meet the demands of industrial and commercial markets.

scholarly journals Regulated deficit irrigation and tommy atkins mango orchard productivity under microsprinkling in brazilian semi arid

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E Cotrim ◽  
Maurício A Coelho Filho ◽  
Eugênio F Coelho ◽  
Márcio M Ramos ◽  
Paulo R Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to test controlled levels of water deficiency in soil in mango trees, under microsprinkling irrigation, in semi-arid conditions, and to evaluate its effect in the productivity and fruits quality. The deficits were applied in the phases I, II and III of growth of the fruit, during the productive cycles of the mango tree in 2006 and 2007. The experiment in both cases was arranged in an entirely random design with 10 treatments and 3 repetitions, in the year I, and with 8 treatments and 3 repetitions in the year II. The values of soil water potential, of the treatments submitted to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), were placed in the range of 0 to -0.011 MPa, showing that the soil humidity varied between the saturation and the field capacity, not characterizing deficit water condition. The average values of stem water potential (Ψstem) varied between -0.90 and -1.74 MPa, evidencing significant effect (p <0.05) just for T1 (without irrigation), T7 and T8 (RDI with 30% of the ETc in the phases II and III, respectively). Through the variance analysis, significant differences were not verified among productivity, number of fruits per plant and size of the fruit, in none of the experiments, what indicates the possibility of reduction of the water use in the irrigation of the mango tree without significant losses of productivity and fruit quality.

scholarly journals The effects of the addition of baker’s yeast on the functional properties and quality of tarhana, a traditional fermented food

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Çelik ◽  
F. Ișik ◽  
O. Simsek ◽  
O. Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Fermentation Period

As a fermented product, tarhana is the dry form of yogurt-cereal mixture and represents an important part of the diets of many people in different countries including Turkey. In the present study, the effects of the addition of baker&rsquo;s yeast on the quality and functional properties of tarhana were investigated. Tarhana was produced under laboratory conditions (uncontrolled and controlled conditions) using two formulas. Some physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of the samples were analysed. An increase was found in the acidity value of all samples during the fermentation period. The addition of baker&rsquo;s yeast affected the functional properties (water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsifying activity) of the samples (P&lt; 0.05). The tarhana samples produced by the addition of yeast and under controlled conditions had shorter fermentation times and better sensory properties. This research suggests that the addition of baker&rsquo;s yeast and the employment of controlled conditions can be recommended in the production of the commercial type of tarhana. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Water economy by Italia grapevines under different irrigation treatments in a Mediterranean climate

OENO One ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Aziz Ezzahouani ◽  
Charles Valancogne ◽  
Paolo Pieri ◽  
T. Amalak ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Sap Flow Measurements

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: A study was conducted to compare traditional vineyard irrigation (TI) using one drip emitter per vine, and partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) using two drip emitters per vine (one per each vine side), at 2 rates of water application (controlled deficit (TI4 and PRD4) and non limiting (TI8 and PRD8)).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Individual vine transpiration and vine water status were estimated from sap flow measurements by a stem heat balance method and midday stem water potential. The quality of the harvest was not significantly changed by the treatments. However, the vegetative growth was lower for the low irrigation rate treatments (TI4 and PRD4) and the PRD8 (compared to TI8). The total amount of water transpired by the vines during the season was estimated to 147 l/m2 without water limitation. A limiting water supply (TI4) lessened vine water use and improved the fraction of supplied water trapped by the vines (81 % for TI4 and 66 % for TI8). PRD decreased the transpiration of the vines, but also the efficiency of use of irrigation water.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: Limited water supply saved water and improved the water capture efficiency by the roots of the vines. PRD irrigation saved water but the vine water capture efficiency was lower, limiting the practical interest of the method.</p>

scholarly journals Timing and Severity of Postharvest Water Stress Affect Following-year Productivity and Fruit Quality of Field-grown `Snow Queen' Nectarine

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naor ◽  
R. Stern ◽  
M. Peres ◽  
Y. Greenblat ◽  
Y. Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Deep Suture ◽  
Flower Bud Development

The effects of the timing and severity of postharvest water stress on the productivity and fruit quality of field-grown nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Snow Queen] were studied for two consecutive years. Three levels of postharvest water status (midday stem water potentials of -1.2, -2.0, and -2.8 MPa) were examined. They were designated as High, Med, and Low, respectively. In the second year two additional treatments were examined in which Low and Med water status were interchanged on 1 Sept. 2002, and these treatments were designated as Low/Med and Med/Low. The percentages of double fruits and of those having a deep suture increased with decreasing postharvest midday stem water potential during the previous year, and most of these defects were stimulated by water deficits that occurred prior to 1 Sept. Postharvest water stress led to decreased crop yield in the subsequent year because there were fewer fruits per tree. Flower buds with double pistils were first noticed in mid-September, and by mid-November the ranking of double pistils in the various treatments were similar to the ranking of double fruits measured a month after bloom in the subsequent season. Postharvest water stress delayed flower bud development. The percentage of double fruits increased from 10% in 2002 to 40% in 2003 and the higher percentage in 2003 was associated with higher air temperatures during the reproductive bud development stage in 2002 than in 2001. Our data and others suggest that high temperatures create a potential for the occurrence of double fruits, but that the fulfillment of that potential is highly dependent on postharvest tree water status. The occurrence of double and deep suture fruits were highly correlated with midday stem water potential in August of the previous year, i.e., during the initial stages of flower bud development. The occurrence of double fruits was observed to increase sharply as the midday stem water potentials fell below -2.0 MPa, which suggests that a midday stem water potential of -2.0 MPa could serve as a threshold for postharvest irrigation scheduling.

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