scholarly journals Assessment of Lingual Tactile Sensitivity in Children and Adults: Methodological Suitability and Challenges

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Marta Appiani ◽  
Noemi Sofia Rabitti ◽  
Lisa Methven ◽  
Camilla Cattaneo ◽  
Monica Laureati
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Orientation Test ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

Few methodological approaches have been developed to measure lingual tactile sensitivity, and little information exists about the comparison between children and adults. The aims of the study were to: verify the cognitive and perceptive suitability of Von Frey filaments and a gratings orientation test in children of different ages; compare lingual tactile sensitivity between children and adults; investigate the relationships between lingual tactile sensitivity, preference and consumption of foods with different textures and level of food neophobia. One hundred and forty-seven children aged 6–13 years and their parents participated in the study, in addition to a separate sample of seventy adults. Participants filled in questionnaires, and lingual tactile sensitivity was evaluated through filaments and gratings. Results showed that gratings evaluation was more difficult than filaments assessment but enabled a better separation of participants according to their performance than filaments. R-indices from filaments were not correlated with those of gratings, suggesting that the tools measure different dimensions of lingual tactile sensitivity. No differences were found in lingual tactile sensitivity between children and adults, nor between children of different ages. Food neophobia was negatively associated with preferences of hard foods in children. Although a multifactor analysis concluded that neither texture preferences nor food consumption were strongly correlated with lingual tactile sensitivity, there was a weak but significant positive correlation between lingual tactile sensitivity to the finest Von Frey filament and food neophobia in the youngest age group, indicating that children with higher levels of food neophobia are more sensitive to oral tactile stimuli. Suitable child-friendly adaptations for the assessment of lingual sensitivity in children are discussed.

A common scheme for cross-sensory correspondences across stimulus domains

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Laura Walker ◽  
Peter Walker ◽  
Brian Francis
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Channel ◽  
Stimulus Variation ◽  
Different Dimensions

Following Karwoski et al. (1942), it is proposed that cross-sensory correspondences can arise from extensive, bidirectional cross-activation between dimensions of connotative meaning. If this account is correct, the same set of cross-sensory correspondences (e.g., smallness with brightness, brightness with high pitch, high pitch with sharpness) should emerge regardless of the sensory channel (visual, auditory or tactile) that is probed. To test this prediction, participants rated a range of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli on a series of rating scales relating to different dimensions of connotative meaning. The same set of cross-sensory correspondences emerged from all types of stimulus variation. This supports the suggestion that cross-sensory correspondences can reflect reciprocal interactions between dimensions of connotative meaning, and indicates that Spence’s (2011) theoretical framework might be usefully extended to include semantically-based correspondences.

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

10.3791/62898 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Sofia Rabitti ◽  
Marta Appiani ◽  
Camilla Cattaneo ◽  
Rebecca Ford ◽  
Monica Laureati
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Orientation Test

scholarly journals Do you know the Wooly Bully? Testing Cultural Knowledge to Verify Participant Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hartman ◽  
Aaron J Moss ◽  
Israel Rabinowitz ◽  
nathaniel bahn ◽  
Cheskie Rosenzweig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Age Verification

People in online studies sometimes misrepresent themselves. Regardless of their motive for doing so, participant misrepresentation threatens the validity of research. Here, we propose and evaluate a way to verify the age of online respondents: a test of cultural knowledge. Across six studies (N = 1,543), participants of various ages completed an age verification instrument. The instrument assessed familiarity with cultural phenomena (e.g., songs and tv shows) from decades past and present. We consistently found our instrument discriminated between people of different ages. In Studies 1a and 1b, age strongly correlated with performance on the instrument (mean r = .8). In Study 2, the instrument reliably detected imposters who we knew were misrepresenting their age. For impostors, age did not correlate with performance on the instrument (r. = .077). Finally in Studies 3a, 3b, and 3c, the instrument remained robust with people from racial minority groups, low educational backgrounds, and those who had recently immigrated to the US. Thus, our instrument shows promise for verifying the age of online respondents, and, as we discuss, our approach of assessing “insider knowledge” holds great promise for verifying other identities within online studies.

Informative Tactile Stimuli in the Perception of Direction

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1315-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schiff ◽  
Lane Kaufer ◽  
Sandra Mosak
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Special Symbol ◽  
Sensitivity Factors ◽  
Tactile Graphics

Three experiments evaluated the efficiency of a special tactile symbol, whose stimuli purportedly specify direction, for use in tactile diagrams for the blind. A tactile form of the conventional visual arrow symbol served as a control symbol. The directional aspects of the stimuli were easily discriminated by both blind and sighted Ss. Either symbol proved effective in simple diagrams, but the special symbol was superior in more complex diagrams, suggesting an interaction effect between symbol type and diagram complexity, appearing in response latency. The special symbol was preferred by blind Ss in simple and complex diagrams. Various aspects of diagram presentation also proved significant. For blind Ss IQ was negatively related to response time. Sighted Ss provided similar results, suggesting that effects were general. Blind Ss were faster than sighted Ss, tended to make more errors, and required more information about the tasks. The results were discussed considering involvement of cognitive factors and tactile sensitivity factors. General implications for symbolic displays and tactile graphics for the blind were also discussed.

Investigating Dimensions of Stiffness in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis: The Australian Rheumatology Association Database Registry and OMERACT Collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premarani Sinnathurai ◽  
Susan J. Bartlett ◽  
Serena Halls ◽  
Sarah Hewlett ◽  
Ana-Maria Orbai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cognitive Debriefing ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Different Dimensions

Objective.It is not known how the experience of stiffness varies between diagnoses or how best to measure stiffness. The aims of our study were to (1) compare stiffness in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patient-reported outcomes, (2) investigate how dimensions of stiffness are associated with each other and reflect the patient experience, and (3) analyze how different dimensions of stiffness are associated with physical function.Methods.An online survey was sent to Australian Rheumatology Association Database participants (158 PsA, and 158 age- and sex-matched RA), assessing stiffness severity, duration, impact, importance, coping, and physical function [modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ)]. Scores were compared between diagnoses and correlations among stiffness dimensions calculated. Multivariate regression was performed for stiffness severity, impact, and duration on mHAQ, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, obesity, and pain. Cognitive debriefing was conducted through semistructured telephone interviews.Results.Overall, 240/316 (75.9%) responded [124/158 RA (78.5%) and 116/158 PsA (73.4%)], with no significant difference in stiffness ratings between diagnoses. Scores for all stiffness dimensions were strongly correlated (r = 0.52–0.89), and severity and impact were associated with mHAQ in both diagnoses. Stiffness duration was not associated with mHAQ in RA. In cognitive debriefing, participants described stiffness severity and impact by their effect on daily activities (10/16 and 14/16 participants, respectively).Conclusion.Stiffness ratings were similar between PsA and RA. Different dimensions of stiffness were strongly correlated. Stiffness severity and impact both independently predicted mHAQ. Stiffness was important to participants; however, measuring multiple dimensions of stiffness may have minimal additive value.

The skin characters of some breeds of indigenous African cattle

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Made In

The present work extends the information on the skin thickness of cattle and shows that generalizations made in previous work were only partly correct, for there are significant differences only between the skin thickness of the Zebu ‘races’ of tropical cattle and Bos taurus.Again there appeared to be no significant difference between animals of different ages within breeds.The work confirmed that cattle of eleven tropical breeds comprising four of the major ‘races’ of African indigenous cattle have a significantly thinner papillary layer than temperate breeds, and this was very strongly correlated with their superior heat toleration.Further support based on wider premises was therefore given to suggestions made by Dowling regarding the importance of the histology of the skin in heat toleration.

Biogenesis of Catalase-Positive Rods in Excretory Duct Cells of Salivary Glands

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions

The presence of catalase-positive rods (Fig. 1) of different dimensions, which frequently have a crystalline appearance by light microscopy, has been reported. They seem to be related to peroxisomes which were characterized morphologically and cytochemically in parotid and other exocrine glands of the rat by Hand in 1973. Our light microscopic studies of these spherical microbodies and rods of different sizes, stained by virtue of the peroxidatic activity of their catalase, indicate that they are almost entirely confined to the cells of the striated and execretory ducts of the submandibular gland in the mouse. The rods were usually noted only in the proximity of the ductal microbodies. The latter frequently showed a tendency to appear in linear close array, or even to be contiguous (Fig. 2). This suggested that the rods could be formed by the fusion of microbodies.

Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Peters-Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth S. Kelley ◽  
Christa Haring Biel ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Interactive Lessons ◽  
Case Design

Purpose This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book. Method Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words. Results Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36). Conclusions Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.

The Concurrent Validity of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory as a Measure of Young Children's Language Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Tomblin ◽  
Cynthia M. Shonrock ◽  
James C. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Language Measure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Development Inventory ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

The extent to which the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI), could be used to estimate levels of language development in 2-year-old children was examined. Fifty-seven children between 23 and 28 months were given the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD), and at the same time a parent completed the MCDI. In addition the mean length of utterance (MLU) was obtained for each child from a spontaneous speech sample. The MCDI Expressive Language scale was found to be a strong predictor of both the SICD Expressive scale and MLU. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale, presumably a receptive language measure, was moderately correlated with the SICD Receptive scale; however, it was also strongly correlated with the expressive measures. These results demonstrated that the Expressive Language scale of the MCDI was a valid predictor of expressive language for 2-year-old children. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale appeared to assess both receptive and expressive language, thus complicating its interpretation.

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