scholarly journals A Space-Based Car-Following Model: Development and Application for Managed Motorway System Safety Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-465
Author(s):  
Kaveh Bevrani ◽  
Edward Chung ◽  
Pauline Teo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Car Following Model

Traffic safety studies need more than what the current micro-simulation models can provide, as they presume that all drivers exhibit safe behaviors. Therefore, existing micro-simulation models are inadequate to evaluate the safety impacts of managed motorway systems such as Variable Speed Limits. All microscopic traffic simulation packages include a core car-following model. This paper highlights the limitations of the existing car-following models to emulate driver behaviour for safety study purposes. It also compares the capabilities of the mainstream car-following models, modelling driver behaviour with precise parameters such as headways and time-to-collisions. The comparison evaluates the robustness of each car-following model for safety metric reproductions. A new car-following model, based on the personal space concept and fish school model is proposed to simulate more accurate traffic metrics. This new model is capable of reflecting changes in the headway distribution after imposing the speed limit from variable speed limit (VSL) systems. This model can also emulate different traffic states and can be easily calibrated. These research findings facilitate assessing and predicting intelligent transportation systems effects on motorways, using microscopic simulation.

Linear Acceleration Car-Following Model Development and Validation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1644 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Aycin ◽  
R.F. Benekohal
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model

A linear acceleration car-following model has been developed for realistic simulation of traffic flow in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. The new model provides continuous acceleration profiles instead of the stepwise profiles that are currently used. The brake reaction times of the drivers are simulated effectively and are independent of the simulation time steps. Chain-reaction times of the drivers are also simulated and perception thresholds are incorporated in the model. The preferred time headways are utilized to determine the simulated drivers’ separation during car-following. The features of the model and the realistic vehicle simulation in car-following and in stop-and-go conditions make this model suitable to ITS, especially to autonomous intelligent cruise-control systems. The car-following algorithm is validated at microscopic and macroscopic levels by using field data. Simulated versus field trajectories and statistical tests show very strong agreement between simulation results and field data.

scholarly journals An Extended Car-Following Model Considering the Drivers’ Characteristics under a V2V Communication Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiyang Jiao ◽  
Shengrui Zhang ◽  
Bei Zhou ◽  
Zixuan Zhang ◽  
Liyuan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Car Following ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Vehicle Trajectory

In intelligent transportation systems, vehicles can obtain more information, and the interactivity between vehicles can be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to study car-following behavior during the introduction of intelligent traffic information technology. To study the impacts of drivers’ characteristics on the dynamic characteristics of car-following behavior in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication environment, we first analyzed the relationship between drivers’ characteristics and the following car’s optimal velocity using vehicle trajectory data via the grey relational analysis method and then presented a new optimal velocity function (OVF). The boundary conditions of the new OVF were analyzed theoretically, and the results showed that the new OVF can better describe drivers’ characteristics than the traditional OVF. Subsequently, we proposed an extended car-following model by combining V2V communication based on the new OVF and previous car-following models. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out to explore the effect of drivers’ characteristics on car-following behavior and fuel economy of vehicles, and the results indicated that the proposed model can improve vehicles’ mobility, safety, fuel consumption, and emissions in different traffic scenarios. In conclusion, the performance of traffic flow was improved by taking drivers’ characteristics into account under the V2V communication situation for car-following theory.

scholarly journals A Parameters Calibration Method in Simulated Complex Traffic Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Xinghua ◽  
Zhang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Parameter Calibration ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic

Traffic simulation models have been extensively used because of their ability to model the dynamic stochastic nature of transportation systems. Parameter calibration is very complex and does not give optimal results easily. Besides, it is also time-consuming especially for large and complex networks. Initially, the procedure of traffic micro-simulation parameter calibration was put forward. A Vehicle Intelligent Simulation Software Model (VISSIM) models were selected for parameter calibration in complex-network, and, the role of Simultaneous Perturbation Genetic Algorithm (SPGA) was examined in the optimization of component. Moreover an automatic calibration methodology for micro-simulation models was developed in order to select the best parameter set based on the observed Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) data which proved effective for different networks. Finally, the methodology was applied to calibrate the Beijing city VISSIM models, followed by the comparison of convergence rate of Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) and SPGA algorithm. The results show that the SPGA was effective and had good performance.

scholarly journals Dynamic Car–Following Model Calibration Using SPSA and ISRES Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioulia Markou ◽  
Vasileia Papathanasopoulou ◽  
Constantinos Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Parameter Values

Calibration plays a fundamental role in successful applications of traffic simulation and Intelligent Transportation Systems. In this research, the calibration of car–following models is seen as a dynamic problem, which is solved at each individual time–step. The optimization of model parameters is fulfilled using the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) algorithm. The output of the optimization is a distribution of parameter values, capturing a wide range of various traffic conditions. The methodology is demonstrated via a case study, where the proposed framework is implemented for the dynamic calibration of the car–following model used in the TransModeler traffic simulation model and Gipps′ model. This method results to model parameter distributions, which are superior to simply using point parameter values, as they are more realistic, capturing the heterogeneity of driver behavior. Flexibility is thus introduced into the calibration process and restrictions generated by conventional calibration methods are relaxed.

scholarly journals Integrated variable speed limit and ramp metering control study on flow interaction between mainline and ramps

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401983191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Lei Niu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Ramp Metering ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Prediction And Simulation ◽  
Varying Demand

During peak periods, bottlenecks are often triggered by excessive demand from both on-ramp and mainline input flows. To relieve bottleneck severity and improve traffic safety, ramp metering and variable speed limit are implemented to control the on-ramp and mainline input flows, and sometimes they are integrated. This article presents a proactive integrated control, with goals to save network-wide travel time and increase traffic flow. A METANET-based macroscopic traffic model was adopted as a prediction model. Micro-simulation tests were performed to evaluate and compare the control approaches among integrated and isolated control scenarios. By decoupling the traffic prediction and simulation models, the control error sources were analyzed. The evaluation revealed that both isolated and integrated controls benefit the traffic network to different extents under varying demand scenarios. Under proactive integrated control, ramp metering is activated solely during slight congestion; or it is activated during high-congestion periods to assist variable speed limit and thus integration maximizes the infrastructure utility.

scholarly journals Optimization and Evaluation of Platooning Car-Following Models in a Connected Vehicle Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Guang Yu ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Qiangqiang Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Cooperative Driving

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, future intelligent transportation systems will exhibit a trend of cooperative driving of connected vehicles. Platooning is an important application technique for cooperative driving. Herein, optimized car-following models for platoon control based on intervehicle communication technology are proposed. On the basis of existing indicators, a series of evaluation methods for platoon safety, stability, and energy consumption is constructed. Numerical simulations are used to compare the effects of three traditional models and their optimized counterparts on the car-following process. Moreover, the influence of homogenous and heterogeneous attributes on the platoon is analyzed. The optimized model proposed in this paper can improve the stability and safety of vehicle following and reduce the total fuel consumption. The simulation results show that a homogenous platoon can enhance the overall stability of the platoon and that the desired safety margin (DSM) model is better suited for heterogeneous platoon control than the other two models. This paper provides a practical method for the design and systematic evaluation of a platoon control strategy, which is one of the key focuses in the connected and autonomous vehicle industry.

scholarly journals Vehicular Ad hoc Network for Intelligent Transport System: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Mohammed Saad Talib ◽  
Aslinda Hassan ◽  
Burairah Hussin ◽  
Ali Abdul-Jabbar Mohammed ◽  
Ali Abdulhussian Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport System

the numbers of accidents are increasing in an exponential manner with the growing of vehicles numbers on roads in recent years.  This huge number of vehicles increases the traffic congestion rates. Therefore, new technologies are so important to reduce the victims in the roads and improve the traffic safety. The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) represents an emerging technology to improve the road's safety and traffic efficiency. ITS have various safety and not safety applications. Numerous methods are intended to develop the smart transport systems. The crucial form is the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). VANET is becoming the most common network in ITS. It confirms human’s safety on streets by dissemination protection messages among vehicles. Optimizing the traffic management operations represent an urgent issue in this era a according to the massive growing in number of circulating vehicles, traffic congestions and road accidents. Street congestions can have significant negative impact on the life quality, passenger's safety, daily activities, economic and environmental for citizens and organizations. Current progresses in communication and computing paradigms fetched the improvement of inclusive intelligent devices equipped with wireless communication capability and high efficiency processors.  

scholarly journals Angle-Awareness Based Joint Cooperative Positioning and Warning for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5818
Author(s):  
Zhi Dong ◽  
Bobin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Sequential Task ◽  
Weighting Strategy ◽  
Eigen Decomposition

In future intelligent vehicle-infrastructure cooperation frameworks, accurate self-positioning is an important prerequisite for better driving environment evaluation (e.g., traffic safety and traffic efficiency). We herein describe a joint cooperative positioning and warning (JCPW) system based on angle information. In this system, we first design the sequential task allocation of cooperative positioning (CP) warning and the related frame format of the positioning packet. With the cooperation of RSUs, multiple groups of the two-dimensional angle-of-departure (AOD) are estimated and then transformed into the vehicle’s positions. Considering the system computational efficiency, a novel AOD estimation algorithm based on a truncated signal subspace is proposed, which can avoid the eigen decomposition and exhaustive spectrum searching; and a distance based weighting strategy is also utilized to fuse multiple independent estimations. Numerical simulations prove that the proposed method can be a better alternative to achieve sub-lane level positioning if considering the accuracy and computational complexity.

Virtual Automated Transit System (VATS) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Application to Intermodal Freight Movements in Northeastern Illinois

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Amirouche ◽  
Khurram Mahmudi ◽  
David Zavattero
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Roadway Design ◽  
Highway System

This paper addresses the issues faced by local and state governments concerning increasing traffic congestions, inadequate roadway design and traffic safety problems caused by the freight truck traffic; on the other hand, the freight industry is seeking to improve productivity by having easy access and direct routes between the intermodal facilities and the interstate highway system.

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