scholarly journals DNA Helicases as Safekeepers of Genome Stability in Plants

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Dorn ◽  
Holger Puchta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Dna Helicases ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Basic Features

Genetic information of all organisms is coded in double-stranded DNA. DNA helicases are essential for unwinding this double strand when it comes to replication, repair or transcription of genetic information. In this review, we will focus on what is known about a variety of DNA helicases that are required to ensure genome stability in plants. Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are especially exposed to harmful environmental factors. Moreover, many crop plants have large and highly repetitive genomes, making them absolutely dependent on the correct interplay of DNA helicases for safeguarding their stability. Although basic features of a number of these enzymes are conserved between plants and other eukaryotes, a more detailed analysis shows surprising peculiarities, partly also between different plant species. This is additionally of high relevance for plant breeding as a number of these helicases are also involved in crossover control during meiosis and influence the outcome of different approaches of CRISPR/Cas based plant genome engineering. Thus, gaining knowledge about plant helicases, their interplay, as well as the manipulation of their pathways, possesses the potential for improving agriculture. In the long run, this might even help us cope with the increasing obstacles of climate change threatening food security in completely new ways.

scholarly journals DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI MANDAT KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR NABATI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Sugiyono Sugiyono ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Bustanul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Before 2006, biofuel mandate consumption was expected to contribute to increase economic growth and job creation, decrease poverty, mitigate climate change, and improve energy security. The objective of the study is an analysis of implementation of biofuel mandate in Indonesian economy. This research applied the long run of Recursive Dynamic General Equilibrium (RDGE) model by Indonesian Forecasting. Three simulations are used to increase of biofuel demand, seconds to increase of biofuel agriculture land expansion, deforestation, and rise fixed capital, and to last change agricultural and biofuel productivity. The policy of biofuel mandate implementation is effectively to increase economic growth, rise household income, and improve carbon emission, but less effective to built food security and feed, decline employment by industri for non biofuel agriculture, and descend forest and other forest outputs in Indonesia. The policy implication is to increase output for non biofuel agriculture by rising productivity and policy of import and inflation targetting to take sides for welfare farmer’s and food employee’s.  Keywords: Biofuel, RDGE, food security, carbon emission

scholarly journals Food Security and the Dynamics of Wheat and Maize Value Chains in Africa and Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Grote ◽  
Anja Fasse ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Olaf Erenstein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
World Population ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Long Run

There is an ongoing debate about how best to feed the growing world population in the long run and associated implications for research and development. Some call for a new Green Revolution to secure the supply of staple foods, whereas others emphasize the importance of diversifying and improving people's diets. We aim to contribute to this debate by reviewing the case of wheat and maize value chains and their contribution to food security in Africa and Asia. We first identify drivers transforming food systems. We then apply these to the cereal value chains and disentangle their effects on food security. We thereby add to the three strands in the literature around production, consumption, and food system transformation and point to different research needs and recommendations for the future. The review highlights: (1) Wheat and maize production will be increasingly impaired by ecological drivers such as land degradation, water scarcity and climate change. (2) There are promising innovations to increase and maintain productivity, but constraints in adopting these innovations have to be overcome (i.e., access to seeds, finance, and education/training). (3) The drivers affect all four dimensions of food security, but first and foremost they determine the availability and stability of maize and wheat. This indirectly also influences the economic and physical access of people to maize and wheat. (4) Research tends to focus on improving the productivity and sustainability of wheat and maize farming which is largely interlinked with the availability dimension of food security. (5) The stability and utilization dimension of food security merits continued yet increased support. First, to address climate change and implications for biotic and abiotic stresses. Second, to promote healthier diets and enable the equitable transformation of food systems.

scholarly journals DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI MANDAT KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR NABATI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Sugiyono Sugiyono ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Bustanul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Before 2006, biofuel mandate consumption was expected to contribute to increase economic growth and job creation, decrease poverty, mitigate climate change, and improve energy security. The objective of the study is an analysis of implementation of biofuel mandate in Indonesian economy. This research applied the long run of Recursive Dynamic General Equilibrium (RDGE) model by Indonesian Forecasting. Three simulations are used to increase of biofuel demand, seconds to increase of biofuel agriculture land expansion, deforestation, and rise fixed capital, and to last change agricultural and biofuel productivity. The policy of biofuel mandate implementation is effectively to increase economic growth, rise household income, and improve carbon emission, but less effective to built food security and feed, decline employment by industri for non biofuel agriculture, and descend forest and other forest outputs in Indonesia. The policy implication is to increase output for non biofuel agriculture by rising productivity and policy of import and inflation targetting to take sides for welfare farmer’s and food employee’s.  Keywords: Biofuel, RDGE, food security, carbon emission

scholarly journals Climate Change and Food Security in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Nasir Munir ◽  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Asia Baig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Climate change has a severe impact on the accessibility of various resources on earth. The present study determines the impact of climate change on food availability for 27 years from 1990-2016. An ARDL model is used in order to find out the long-run and short-run relationships. The result shows that average temperature shows a negative relationship with food security, as the temperature is increasing the food security is decreasing Food security has a positive relation with agriculture credit since as the agriculture credit increases it will increase the production of agriculture sector which in result increase the supply of food and increase the food security in the country. Fertilizer consumption also has a positive effect on food availability, which is obvious as more and more food is provided with the increased use of fertilizer.

scholarly journals Food security in the era of climate change in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Abegunrin G. Kolawole ◽  
Abegunrin T. Timothy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This study highlights the various effects climate change has on the availability of food for the teeming populace of Nigeria to ensure food security. Developing countries are plagued by inadequate access to good quality and quantity of food to ensure growth and development, thereby resulting into a lot of challenges like malnutrition, health issues, infant mortality, and migration to other areas. The current practice of Agriculture in Nigeria was taken into consideration, the impact it has on the entire population and the effects climate change has on it. Nigeria, like most other developing countries, is affected in a very important and critical manner by the adverse effects of environmental crises, most of which are direct influences of climate change and this change in the long run has effect on food security. The study recommended that infrastructural facilities, social interventions in the form of food aid, and policies which encourage agricultural production should be put in place in rural areas to help reduce the incidence of rural-urban migration and to encourage agricultural production so as to ensure that all the citizens of the country are food secured.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Food security under global climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Anatolii Yuzefovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate

Climate change and food security in tropical West Africa – a dynamic-statistical modelling approach

Erdkunde ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Paeth ◽  
Arcade Capo-Chichi ◽  
Wilfried Endlicher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Open Intellectual Property Models for Plant Innovations in the Context of New Breeding Technologies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
New Breeding Technologies

Plant related innovations are critical to enable of food security and mitigate climate change. New breeding technologies (NBTs) based on emerging genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas will facilitate “breeding-by-editing” and enable complex breeding targets—like climate resilience or water use efficiency—in shorter time and at lower costs. However, NBTs will also lead to an unprecedented patent complexity. This paper discusses implications and potential solutions for open innovation models.

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