scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus Induced Pathologies Severely Affect the Exocrine and Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas in Chickens

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Zaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Shanhui Ren ◽  
Salman Latif Butt ◽  
Zahid Manzoor ◽  
Javid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in poultry. ND causes heavy economic losses to the global poultry industry by decreasing the growth rate, decrease in egg production high morbidity and mortality. Although significant advances have been made in the vaccine development, outbreaks are reported in vaccinated birds. In this study, we report the damage caused by NDV infection in the pancreatic tissues of vaccinated and specific-pathogen-free chickens. The histopathological examination of the pancreas showed severe damage in the form of partial depletion of zymogen granules, acinar cell vacuolization, necrosis, apoptosis, congestion in the large and small vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of the pancreatic duct, and mild perivascular edema. Increased plasma levels of corticosterone and somatostatin were observed in NDV-infected chicken at three- and five- days post infection (DPI). A slight decrease in the plasma concentrations of insulin was noticed at 5 DPI. Significant changes were not observed in the plasma levels of glucagon. Furthermore, NDV infection decreased the activity and mRNA expression of amylase, lipase, and trypsin from the pancreas. Taken together, our findings highlight that NDV induces extensive tissue damage in the pancreas, decreases the activity and expression of pancreatic enzymes, and increases plasma corticosterone and somatostatin. These findings provide new insights that a defective pancreas may be one of the reasons for decreased growth performance after NDV infection in chickens.

scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus Induced Pathologies Severely Affect the Exocrine and Endocrine Functions of Pancreas in Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Shanhui Ren ◽  
Salman Latif Butt ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Anwar ◽  
Yingjie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Abstract Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in poultry, Newcastle disease (ND), which is particularly characterized by extensive pathologies in the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. ND cause heavy economic losses to the world poultry industry by decreasing growth rate, decrease egg productions, mortality and morbidity. Although, significant advances have been made in the vaccine development, but outbreaks are reported in vaccinated birds leading decrease growth rate. Methods: In this study, we report the damage caused by the NDV infection in the pancreas of vaccinated as well specific pathogen free chickens. Results: The histopathological examination of the pancreas showed sever damage in the form of partial depletion of zymogen granules, acinar cell vacuolization, necrosis, and apoptosis, congestion in the large and small vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of pancreatic duct, and mild perivascular edema. Increased plasma levels of corticosterone, somatostatin, were observed in NDV infected chicks at 3 and 5-day post infection (DPI). Slight decrease in the plasma concentrations of the insulin were noticed at 5 DPI. Significant changes were not observed in the plasma levels of glucagon. Furthermore, NDV infection has decreases the activity and mRNA expression of amylase, lipase, and trypsin from the pancreas. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings highlight that NDV induces extensive tissue damage in pancreas, decrease the activity and expression of pancreatic enzymes and increase plasma corticosterone and somatostatin.

scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus Induced Pathologies Severely Affect the Exocrine and Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Shanhui Ren ◽  
Salman Latif Butt ◽  
Zahid Manzoor ◽  
Javid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in poultry, Newcastle disease (ND). ND causes heavy economic losses to the global poultry industry by decreasing the growth rate, decrease egg productions, mortality, and morbidity. Although, significant advances have been made in the vaccine development, but outbreaks are reported in vaccinated birds leading to overall decreased growth rate. In this study, we report the damage caused by the NDV infection in the pancreatic tissues of vaccinated as well as specific pathogen free chickens. The histopathological examination of the pancreas showed sever damage in the form of partial depletion of zymogen granules, acinar cell vacuolization, necrosis, and apoptosis, congestion in the large and small vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of pancreatic duct, and mild perivascular edema. Increased plasma levels of corticosterone, somatostatin, were observed in NDV infected chicks at 3 and 5-day post infection (DPI). Slight decrease in the plasma concentrations of the insulin were noticed at 5 DPI. Significant changes were not observed in the plasma levels of glucagon. Furthermore, NDV infection has decreases the activity and mRNA expression of amylase, lipase, and trypsin from the pancreas. Taken together, our findings highlight that NDV induces extensive tissue damage in pancreas, decrease the activity and expression of pancreatic enzymes and increase plasma corticosterone and somatostatin.

Multi-epitope peptide vaccine prediction against Newcastle disease virus using immuno-informatics approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
N. Putri ◽  
I. Wulandari ◽  
R. Ernawati ◽  
F. Abdul Rantam
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Epitope Peptide ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

Newcastle disease is one of the most critical disease in poultry and wild birds, largely due to its high morbidity and mortality, as well as its worldwide distribution and threat of considerable economic losses to avian industries caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The NDV can cause clinical signs varying from subclinical infections to 100% mortality, depending on the susceptibility of the host and the virulence of the virus. The virus is classified into velogenic (viscerotropic velogenic and neurotropic velogenic), mesogenic and lentogenic. The objectives of this study was to design a peptide vaccine using immunoinformatics approaches. In total, 12 NDV fusion proteins retrieved from NCBI database were aligned to determine the conservancy and candidate epitopes were analysed by predictions tools from Immune Epitope Database. Then the 3D structure of the conserved region was modelled using the Swiss Model and aligned using PyMol software. Two epitopes were predicted as a peptide vaccine for B cell (DKAVNVYTSSQT and NMPKDKEACAKAPLEA). This is a preliminary study of designing an epitope-based peptide vaccine against NDV, and we recommend further study to identify the interaction between these peptides with T cells and antibodies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of immunity and protection in chicken administered a developed vaccine against predominant Middle Eastern strains of genotypes VI and VII of velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonham Sami Yaghmoor` ◽  
Taha Abdullah Kumosani ◽  
Elie Kamil Barbour ◽  
Othman Abubaker Baothman
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
H Protein

Abstract Background The velogenic-Newcastle Disease Virus (v-NDV) causes an important disease in chicken, associated with serious economic losses to the global poultry industry. This research evaluated the immunity in broilers administered a developed bivalent vaccine, aiming at protection against predominant Middle Eastern strains of genotypes VI and VII of v-NDV. The completely randomized design implemented in this evaluation included eight treatments, differing in birds being administered or deprived of the developed vaccine, with a difference in type of challenge, either by v-NDV strain(s) of genotype VI, VII, or both. Vaccination was administered subcutaneously at 6 and 21 d of age, followed by an intra-pectoral challenge at the age of 28 d. Results The acquired humoral immunity by vaccinated and challenged birds to Hemagglutinin (H) protein was the highest at market age of 40 d, compared to challenged birds deprived of vaccination, and to vaccinates deprived of challenge (P<0.05). The same statistical difference pattern was obtained by the cell-mediated immunity (CMI), represented by birds’ level of serum IFN- γ . The type of challenge by either strain(s) of genotype VI, VII, or VI+VII did affect statistically the cross reactivity of acquired humoral immunity specific to H protein of homologous versus heterologous strains. The absence of humoral immunity and the low IFN- γ levels at 28 d of age in challenged birds deprived of vaccination lead to highest mortality, and lowest performance compared to vaccinates and challenged, vaccinates and deprived of challenge, and unvaccinated-unchallenged birds (P<0.05). Conclusions The developed bivalent vaccine was able to induce enough humoral and CMI responses, enabling protection of the broilers against production losses by each of the three types of v-NDV challenges. It is recommended to conduct future studies to evaluate such types of vaccines in chicken breeders and commercial layers, reared in various world’s zones with existing endemicity of v-NDV.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus in Layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Bordoloi ◽  
Anju Nayak ◽  
A.P. Singh ◽  
R.V. Singh ◽  
Kajal Jadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) in spite of the availability of vaccines remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide. It is prevalent in Indian subcontinent and leads to economic losses. The present study was aimed with isolate and identify virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in layer poultry from field outbreaks.Methods: Total 47 samples consisting of nasal (05), oropharyngeal (13) and cloacal swabs (11) and tissue samples consisting of trachea (07), lungs (06), larynx (05) were collected from layer birds. For isolation of NDV swab and tissue samples were inoculated in 9-11 days old embryonated eggs via allantoic cavity route. After preparing the viral inoculum, 47 suspected samples (29 swab and 18 tissue samples) were inoculated in 141 embryonated eggs to isolate the virus.Result: Out of 47 samples 10 (21.27%) samples were positive for HA activity. All the 10 isolates showing HA activity subjected to Reverse-Transcriptase PCR of F gene and 6 were found positive in RT-PCR for F1 gene. The PCR amplified product showed amplicon at 356 bp and 254 bp positive for F1 and F2 gene, respectively. On basis of F gene, 06 (50%) isolates were considered as virulent Newcastle Disease Virus. One isolate sequence was submitted at NCBI with accession MT890653 On phylogenetic analysis MT890653 designated as Class II/ genotype II/ virulent strain and had the motif 112R-R-R-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site of the fusion protein.

scholarly journals An improved method for the rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Pheik-Sheen Cheow ◽  
Tiong Kit Tan ◽  
Adelene Ai-Lian Song ◽  
Khatijah Yusoff ◽  
Suet Lin Chia
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Transfection Method ◽  
Helper Plasmids ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus

Reverse genetics has been used to generate recombinant Newcastle disease virus with enhanced immunogenic properties for vaccine development. The system, which involves co-transfecting the viral antigenomic plasmid with three helper plasmids into a T7 RNA polymerase-expressing cell to produce viral progenies, poses a great challenge. We have modified the standard transfection method to improve the transfection efficiency of the plasmids, resulting in a higher titer of virus progeny production. Two transfection reagents (i.e., lipofectamine and polyethylenimine) were used to compare the transfection efficiency of the four plasmids. The virus progenies produced were quantitated with flow cytometry analysis of the infectious virus unit. The modified transfection method increased the titer of virus progenies compared with that of the standard transfection method.

scholarly journals Triple La Sota re‐vaccinations can protect laying chickens for 3 months against drop in egg production caused by velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Harriet N. Okechukwu ◽  
Anthony A. Chukwuedo ◽  
Didacus C. Eze ◽  
Amarachukwu O. Igwe ◽  
John I. Ihedioha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

scholarly journals A Novel Cre Recombinase-MediatedIn VivoMinicircle DNA (CRIM) Vaccine Provides Partial Protection against Newcastle Disease Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Jiang ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Jianzhong Wang ◽  
Haibin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cre Recombinase ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Minicircle Dna

ABSTRACTMinicircle DNA (mcDNA), which contains only the necessary components for eukaryotic expression and is thus smaller than traditional plasmids, has been designed for application in genetic manipulation. In this study, we constructed a novel plasmid containing both the Cre recombinase under the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter and recombinantlox66andlox71sites located outside the cytomegalovirus (CMV) expression cassette. The strictly controlled synthesis of Cre recombinasein vivomaintained the complete form of the plasmidin vitro, whereas thein vivoproduction of Cre transformed the parental plasmid to mcDNA after transfection. The newly designedCrerecombinase-mediatedin vivomcDNA platform, named CRIM, significantly increased the nuclear entry of mcDNA, followed by increased production of mRNA and protein, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model. Similar results were also observed in chickens when the vaccine was delivered by the regulated-delayed-lysisSalmonellastrain χ11218, where significantly increased production of EGFP was observed in chicken livers. Then, we used the HN gene of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus as an antigen model to construct the traditional plasmid pYL43 and the novel mcDNA plasmid pYL47. After immunization, our CRIM vaccine provided significantly increased protection against challenge compared with that of the traditional plasmid, providing us with a novel mcDNA vaccine platform.IMPORTANCEMinicircle DNA (mcDNA) has been considered an attractive alternative to DNA vaccines; however, the relatively high cost and complicated process of purifying mcDNA dramatically restricts the application of mcDNA in the veterinary field. We designed a novelin vivomcDNA platform in which the complete plasmid could spontaneously transform into mcDNAin vivo. In combination with the regulated-delayed-lysisSalmonellastrain, the newly designed mcDNA vaccine provides us with an elegant platform for veterinary vaccine development.

scholarly journals Detection of avian influenza virus and newcastle disease virus by duplex one step RT PCR

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Nidzworski ◽  
Krzysztof Smietanka ◽  
Zenon Minta ◽  
Bogusław Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
One Step

AbstractNewcastle disease Virus (NDV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, and Influenza virus, from the Orthomyxoviridae family, are two main avian pathogens that cause serious economic problems in poultry farming. NDV strains are classified into three major pathotypes: velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic. Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are also divided into: low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) strains. Both viruses are enveloped, single stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses which give similar symptoms ranging from sub-clinical infections to severe disease, including loss in egg production, acute respiratory syndrome, and high mortality, depending on their level of pathogenicity. This similarity hinders diagnosis when based solely on clinical and post mortem examination. Most of the currently available molecular detection methods are also pathogenspecific, so that more than one RT-PCR is then required to confirm or exclude the presence of both pathogens. To overcome this disadvantage, we have applied a One Step Duplex RT-PCR method to distinguish between those two pathogens. The main objective of the project was to develop a universal, fast, and inexpensive method which could be used in any veterinary laboratory.

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