scholarly journals Meiotic Silencing in Pigs: A Case Study in a Translocated Azoospermic Boar

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Nicolas Mary ◽  
Anne Calgaro ◽  
Harmonie Barasc ◽  
Nathalie Bonnet ◽  
Stéphane Ferchaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Meiotic Silencing ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Meiotic Process ◽  
Autosome Translocation ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Ataxia With Oculomotor Apraxia ◽  
First Time

Carriers of balanced constitutional reciprocal translocations usually present a normal phenotype, but often show reproductive disorders. For the first time in pigs, we analyzed the meiotic process of an autosome–autosome translocation associated with azoospermia. Meiotic process analysis revealed the presence of unpaired autosomal segments with histone γH2AX accumulation sometimes associated with the XY body. Additionally, γH2AX signals were observed on apparently synapsed autosomes other than the SSC1 or SSC15, as previously observed in Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 patients or knock-out mice for the Senataxin gene. Gene expression showed a downregulation of genes selected on chromosomes 1 and 15, but no upregulation of SSCX genes. We hypothesized that the total meiotic arrest observed in this boar might be due to the silencing of crucial autosomal genes by the mechanism referred to as meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC).

scholarly journals Proteomic Identification of Novel Substrates of a Protein Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Repair Enzyme

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (43) ◽  
pp. 32619-32629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanthy Vigneswara ◽  
Jonathan D. Lowenson ◽  
Claire D. Powell ◽  
Matthew Thakur ◽  
Kevin Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repair Enzyme ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Brain Extracts ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein ◽  
Mammalian Protein

We report the use of a proteomic strategy to identify hitherto unknown substrates for mammalian protein l-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase. This methyltransferase initiates the repair of isoaspartyl residues in aged or stress-damaged proteins in vivo. Tissues from mice lacking the methyltransferase (Pcmt1-/-) accumulate more isoaspartyl residues than their wild-type littermates, with the most “damaged” residues arising in the brain. To identify the proteins containing these residues, brain homogenates from Pcmt1-/- mice were methylated by exogenous repair enzyme and the radiolabeled methyl donor S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine. Methylated proteins in the homogenates were resolved by both one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, and methyltransferase substrates were identified by their increased radiolabeling when isolated from Pcmt1-/- animals compared with Pcmt1+/+ littermates. Mass spectrometric analyses of these isolated brain proteins reveal for the first time that microtubule-associated protein-2, calreticulin, clathrin light chains a and b, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, stathmin, β-synuclein, and α-synuclein, are all substrates for the l-isoaspartate methyltransferase in vivo. Our methodology for methyltransferase substrate identification was further supplemented by demonstrating that one of these methyltransferase targets, microtubule-associated protein-2, could be radiolabeled within Pcmt1-/- brain extracts using radioactive methyl donor and exogenous methyltransferase enzyme and then specifically immunoprecipitated with microtubule-associated protein-2 antibodies to recover co-localized protein with radioactivity. We comment on the functional significance of accumulation of relatively high levels of isoaspartate within these methyltransferase targets in the context of the histological and phenotypical changes associated with the methyltransferase knock-out mice.

scholarly journals Roles of Stra8 and Tcerg1l in retinoic acid induced spermatogonial differentiation in mouse.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilam Sinha ◽  
Eoin C Whelan ◽  
John W Tobias ◽  
Mary Avarbock ◽  
Darko Stefanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Downstream Effector ◽  
Cell Culture Assay ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Neonatal Testis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Inducible Gene

Abstract Retinoic acid (RA) induces spermatogonial differentiation, but the mechanism by which it operates remains largely unknown. We developed a germ cell culture assay system to study genes involved in spermatogonial differentiation triggered by RA. Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 8 (Stra8), a RA-inducible gene, is indispensable for meiosis initiation, and its deletion results in a complete block of spermatogenesis at the pre-leptotene/zygotene stage. To interrogate the role of Stra8 in RA mediated differentiation of spermatogonia, we derived germ cell cultures from the neonatal testis of both wild type and Stra8 knock-out mice. We provide the first evidence that Stra8 plays a crucial role in modulating the responsiveness of undifferentiated spermatogonia to RA and facilitates transition to a differentiated state. Stra8-mediated differentiation is achieved through downregulation of a large portfolio of genes and pathways, most notably including genes involved in the spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal process. We also report here for the first time the role of Transcription Elongation Regulator-1 Like (Tcerg1l) as a downstream effector of RA-induced spermatogonial differentiation.

Increased glyoxalase-1 levels in Fkbp5 knock-out mice caused by Glo1 gene duplication

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Kollmannsberger ◽  
NC Gassen ◽  
A Bultmann ◽  
J Hartmann ◽  
P Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Glyoxalase 1 ◽  
Knock Out Mice

Functional characterization of the H+/K+ ATPase in wild type and gastrin knock-out mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schnur ◽  
P Hegyi ◽  
V Venglovecz ◽  
Z Rakonczay ◽  
I Ignáth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Knock Out Mice

“Swell, swell, my joys”: Ben Jonson, Quotation, and A Help to Memory and Discourse

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Charles Cathcart
Keyword(s):  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Advanced Head ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
The Third ◽  
Biblical Commentary

Sejanus His Fall has always been a succès d'estime rather than a popular triumph. Neverthless, there was an odd and pervasive valency for the speech that opens the play's fifth act, a speech that starts, “Swell, swell, my joys,” and which includes the boast, “I feel my advancèd head/Knock out a star in heav'n.” The soliloquy has an afterlife in printed miscellanies; it was blended with lines from Volpone's first speech; the phrase “knock out a star in heav'n” was turned to by preachers warning of the sin of pride; John Trapp's use of the speech for his biblical commentary was plundered by John Price, Citizen, for the polemic of 1654, Tyrants and Protectors Set Forth in their Colours; and in the year between the Jonson Folio of 1616 and the playwright's journey to Scotland, William Drummond of Hawthornden borrowed directly from the speech for his verse tribute to King James. For all Jonson's punctilious itemising of his tragedy's classical sources, his lines were themselves shaped by a contemporary model: John Marston's Antonio and Mellida. What are we undertaking when we examine an intertextual journey such as this? Is it a case study in Jonson's influence? Is it a meditation upon the fortunes of a single textual item? Alternatively, is it a study of appropriation? The resting place for this essay is the speech's appearance in the third and final edition of Leonard Becket's publication, A Help to Memory and Discourse (1630), an appearance seemingly unique within the Becket canon and one that suggests that Jonson's verse gained an afterlife as a poem.

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 Knock Out Mice Have Impaired Glucose Clearance and Beta-Cell Function under High-Fat Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2040-P
Author(s):  
COURTNEY J. SMITH ◽  
KYLE B. KENER ◽  
JEFFERY S. TESSEM
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Fat Feeding
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