scholarly journals Quali-Quantitative Study on Phenol Compounds as Early Predictive Markers of Graft Incompatibility: A Case Study on Chestnut (Castanea spp.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gamba ◽  
Viviana Cisse ◽  
Dario Donno ◽  
Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto ◽  
Gabriele Loris Beccaro
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Graft Incompatibility ◽  
Species Specific

In recent years, research has focused on phenolic compounds and their putative role as markers of graft incompatibility. Thus far, no studies have been conducted on the role of phenolic compounds in chestnut (Castanea spp.). The present study investigated the content of phenolic compounds in different combinations of Castanea spp. cultivars and rootstocks. Analyses were performed on the inner and outer tissues of chestnut grafts at two phenological sampling stages. The separation, identification and quantification of the phenolic markers via HPLC were preceded by an ultrasonic green extraction. Two chromatographic methods were tested for a total of 15 phenol compounds. Flavonol compounds were not detected, while cinnamic acids were found in low concentrations. The amount of gallic acid turned out to be higher at the graft union of the incompatible combination (20.11 ± 1.47 mg/100 gFW vs. 8.94 ± 1.08 mg/100 gFW). The same pattern was observed for catechin (15.79 ± 1.83 mg/100 gFW vs. 9.63 ± 1.98 mg/100 gFW). Differences in tannin concentrations seemed to be species-specific, and were apparently not related to graft incompatibility. The present work underlines the potential application of certain phenol compounds for the early prediction of graft incompatibility in Castanea spp.

Goose Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Eva Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
General Public ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Interspecies Relations

The second case study draws on the insights developed in the first two parts of the thesis to investigate the goose-human conflict around Schiphol Airport. Geese are not wanted in the fields around the airport, yet they keep coming back because they like the grass. In response, humans kill them, even though this does not solve the problem. Many different parties play a role in this conflict—politicians, animal welfare activists, farmers, the airport, the general public—but the role of the geese is underexposed. The geese are the center of attention, but no one is paying attention to their views on the matter, nor is anyone interested in working with them to solve this situation. This is unfortunate for normative and practical reasons. Seeing geese as political actors, paying attention to their species-specific behaviors, and investigating how they act politically can help us to establish new relations, and further clarify how human political concepts can play a role in interspecies relations more generally.

scholarly journals Study of the Effectiveness against Test Strain Mycobacterium terrae DSM 43227 of Some Substances Containing Fragment of Phenolic

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
T. A. Grenkova ◽  
A. I. Chizhov ◽  
M. P. Gusarova ◽  
N. V. Gudova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance. Multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been an important problem in public health around the world. However, development of effective methods and means of disinfection is now extremely urgent. Phenol is probably the oldest known disinfectant. Disinfectants based on substances containing phenolic practically used in almost every countries of the worldwide for the disinfection of medical devices, surfaces and hand hygiene. Goal. Comparative study of the activity of certain disinfectants containing phenol fragment against the test strain. Materials and methods. Multi-drug-resistant M. terrae, M. avium-intracellulara and M. tuberculosis have similar characteristics of resistance to chemical disinfectants, herefore M. terrae DSM 43227 used as the test strain. We studied five used in Russia for the production of disinfectants and antiseptics. substances containing a phenolic. Results. The disinfectant effect of substances with phenol compounds was detected in lower concentrations (from 0.02% for 2-benzil-4-chlorphenol to 1.0% for ortophenylphenol) than with substances containing glutaraldehyde or chloramine B compounds. Conclusions. Saving disinfecting effectiveness at low concentrations of the active substances in the working solutions can be recommended disinfectants based on phenolic compounds for disinfection measures in the complex of measures for prevention of occurrence and spread of tuberculosis.

The role of multiplicity in a cult: A case study

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Worrall ◽  
Ann W. Stockman

Testosterone Potentiation of Ionophore and ADP Induced Platelet Aggregation : Relationship to Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pilo ◽  
D Aharony ◽  
A Raz
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe role of arachidonic acid oxygenated products in human platelet aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The ionophore produced an increased release of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a concomitant increased formation of TxA2 and other arachidonate products. TxA2 (and possibly other cyclo oxygenase products) appears to have a significant role in ionophore-induced aggregation only when low concentrations (<1 μM) of the ionophore are employed.Testosterone added to rat or human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was shown previously to potentiate platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, collagen and arachidonic acid (1, 2). We show that testosterone also potentiates ionophore induced aggregation in washed platelets and in PRP. This potentiation was dose and time dependent and resulted from increased lipolysis and concomitant generation of TxA2 and other prostaglandin products. The testosterone potentiating effect was abolished by preincubation of the platelets with indomethacin.

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

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