scholarly journals Design of a Cable-Driven Actuator for Pronation and Supination of the Forearm to Integrate an Active Arm Orthosis

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. F. Dias ◽  
Rafhael M. de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Open Ring ◽  
Kinematic Evaluation ◽  
Heavy Structure ◽  
Digital Prototype

The pronation/supination of the forearm are important movements to properly accomplish the activities of daily living. While several exoskeletons have been proposed for the rehabilitation of the arm, few of them have actively implemented the movements of pronation/supination. Often, the addition of this degree of freedom to the mechanism results in a bulky and heavy structure. Consequently, the overall exoskeleton is too big for a wearable solution. This paper proposes a digital prototype and kinematic evaluation of a cable-driven orthosis for pronation/supination movement assistance. The actuator is based on an open ring (semi-circle) to be attached to the forearm, while a stationary guide drives the ring into a rotary movement. By considering anthropomorphic data in the design stage, it is possible to develop a rigid, compact, and high power to weight ratio solution for the actuator responsible for pronation and supination. The proposed actuator can achieve the full range of motion for the activities of daily living and 83% of the rotation of the forearm total range of motion with a total mass of only 150 g.

A Passive Brace to Improve Activities of Daily Living Utilizing Compliant Parallel Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Ring ◽  
Charles Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Screw Theory ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
System A

Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the spine that affects 2–3% of adolescents. The treatment of scoliosis often requires the use of a rigid brace to align the spine and prevent progression of the deformation. The most common brace, referred to as the Boston brace, has a high success rate in preventing progression of the scoliotic curve. The common root failure is lack of patient compliance in wearing the brace for the prescribed time. This lack in compliance is due to patient discomfort, both physically and emotional, and the patients’ limited ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) when wearing the brace. The likelihood of needing surgery increases dramatically when bracing is unsuccessful. We seek to improve patients’ comfort by designing a brace that improves range of motion, while remaining stiff in the corrective direction. Primary ranges of motion were acquired using a motion capture system. A kinematic analysis was performed using homogeneous transformations and screw theory to determine primary screw axes of the motions. The required lateral stiffness for the brace was found in literature. Compliant mechanisms are used because they can apply the corrective force, but also allow the patients some range of motion. The mechanism implementation was characterized using finite element analysis and compared to a physical model test. Initial findings confirm that compliant mechanisms are suitable for the application of a scoliosis brace. We have found that the proposed brace can apply the necessary forces at reasonable displacements. The proposed brace will not allow the patient a full range of motion, but we believe that it will achieve an improved range of motion that will increase a patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living.

The functional range of motion of the finger joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Bain ◽  
N. Polites ◽  
B. G. Higgs ◽  
R. J. Heptinstall ◽  
A. M. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Finger Joints ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal

The purpose of this study was to measure the functional range of motion of the finger joints needed to perform activities of daily living. Using the Sollerman hand grip function test, 20 activities were assessed in ten volunteers. The active and passive range of motion was measured with a computerized electric goniometer. The position of each finger joint was evaluated in the pre-grasp and grasp positions. The functional range of motion was defined as the range required to perform 90% of the activities, utilizing the pre-grasp and grasp measurements. The functional range of motion was 19°–71°, 23°–87°, and 10°–64° at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints, respectively. This represents 48%, 59%, and 60% of the active motion of these joints, respectively. There was a significant difference in the functional range of motion between the joints of the fingers, with the ulnar digits having greater active and functional range. The functional range of motion is important for directing indications for surgery and rehabilitation, and assessing outcome of treatment.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS DAILY TASKS ON SEGMENTED TRUNK KINEMATICS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Breloff ◽  
Li-Shan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Stair Ascent ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Back pain can affect up to 65% of the American population and cost the health care system approximately fifty billion dollars each year. Due to the difficulty with recording spine/trunk movement, several methods and models exist. The myriad of methods and the need for understanding of spine/trunk motion has led to a lack in a ‘gold-standard’ of treatment for individuals with back pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different activities of daily living on the kinematics of individual trunk segments in young adults to determine how common ambulatory tasks will alter trunk motion compared to level walking. Young healthy adults completed, in a random order, four activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossing, stair ascent and descent using a previously validated model. Subjects were outfitted with a full body marker set which included a segmented trunk. Multi-segmented trunk angles between the three inferior segments, sacrum to lower lumbar [SLL], lower lumbar to upper lumbar [LLUL] and upper lumbar to lower thorax [ULLT], were calculated and compared between tasks. Peak flexion angles, instance of peak angle and range of motion were analyzed. The overall hypothesis that different spine levels will have altered kinematics during various activities of daily living was supported. Stair descent had smaller peak flexion angles than obstacle crossing and stair ascent. The instance of peak angle were different depending on trunk angle and daily task. The most inferior trunk angle — Sacrum-to-Lower Lumbar — had the largest range of motion during all four tasks in all three (sagittal, frontal and transverse) planes of motion. This study was able to show how various activities of daily living produce different motions in the three inferior segments of a multi-segmented trunk method. The results of this study are the first steps in understanding how the trunk responds on a daily basis and how those responses could lead to back pain.

scholarly journals Differences in unilateral chest press muscle activation and kinematics on a stable versus unstable surface while holding one versus two dumbbells

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Patterson ◽  
Andrew D. Vigotsky ◽  
Nicole E. Oppenheimer ◽  
Erin H. Feser
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

Training the bench press exercise on a traditional flat bench does not induce a level of instability as seen in sport movements and activities of daily living. Twenty participants were recruited to test two forms of instability: using one dumbbell rather than two and lifting on the COR bench compared to a flat bench. Electromyography (EMG) amplitudes of the pectoralis major, middle trapezius, external oblique, and internal oblique were recorded and compared. Differences in range of motion (ROM) were evaluated by measuring an angular representation of the shoulder complex. Four separate conditions of unilateral bench press were tested while lifting on a: flat bench with one dumbbell, flat bench with two dumbbells, COR Bench with one dumbbell, and COR Bench with two dumbbells. The results imply that there are no differences in EMG amplitude or ROM between the COR bench and traditional bench. However, greater ROM was found to be utilized in the single dumbbell condition, both in the COR bench and the flat bench.

Range of Motion: AMA Guides, Sixth Edition

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Sixth Edition

Abstract In the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, range of motion (ROM) is used to calculate the physical examination modifier when the diagnosis-based impairment (DBI) method is used, ie, Table 15-8, Physical Examination Adjustment: Upper Extremities, and Table 16-7, Physical Examination Adjustment: Lower Extremities. The DBI method is preferable for calculating upper and lower extremity ratings, but in instances specified by the regional grid, the evaluator may choose to use the ROM method, typically because it yields a higher impairment rating. The article outlines the steps for measuring ROM. Invalid results on the day of testing are declared after three consecutive efforts if the three measurements for a given plane of motion vary by more than 10 degrees from the average (mean) of these three measurements. The process can be tried again another day, or the DBI method can be used. All ROM measurements should be rounded to the nearest number ending in zero, and a figure provides examples of suitable annotations. Adjustments for functional history can be made if ROM is the only method used for rating, if results are deemed reliable and consistent with results from an activities of daily living questionnaire or other valid functional report, and if the current ROM impairment does not adequately capture the full impairment.

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