scholarly journals Specific Ion Effects on the Behavior of Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Diethyl Dithiophosphate during the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore: Effects of CaCl2 and NaCl

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Malibongwe S. Manono ◽  
Katlego Matibidi ◽  
Kirsten C. Corin ◽  
Catherine K. Thubakgale ◽  
Iyiola O. Otunniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Polyvalent Cation ◽  
Flotation Reagents ◽  
Sulfide Flotation ◽  
Froth Stability ◽  
Ion Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diethyl Dithiophosphate

Inorganic electrolytes present in the process water used during froth flotation may have both beneficial and detrimental effects. These effects are said to be ion specific, as some ions may result in enhanced froth stability, increased mineral recoveries and decreased concentrate grades, while others may bring the opposite effects. Onsite process water quality variations have intensified the need to understand the relationship between inorganic electrolytes and flotation reagents on flotation performance. The use of mixtures of thiol collectors in sulfide flotation is a common practice across the globe; however, very few investigations have considered these in process waters of varying compositions. This study considers the effect of common cations, Na+ and Ca2+, in process water on the behavior of mixtures of thiol collectors. Single-salt solutions of NaCl and CaCl2 at an ionic strength of 0.0213 mol·dm−3 were used to investigate the behavior of mixtures of two thiol collectors. These were carefully selected to understand how mixtures of thiol collectors behave in the presence of a monovalent cation versus a polyvalent cation. Bench-scale froth flotation tests were conducted using a Cu-Ni-PGM ore from the Merensky Reef. The results have shown that the divalent cation, Ca2+, resulted in higher %Cu and %Ni recoveries at all collector mixtures compared to the monovalent cation, Na+. The concentrate grades were, however, slightly compromised, as slightly more gangue reported to the concentrate in the presence of Ca2+. This behavior is attributed to the effect of polyvalent cations on bubble coalescence and froth stability.

scholarly journals Probing the Effect of Water Recycling on Flotation through Anion Spiking Using a Low-Grade Cu–Ni–PGM Ore: The Effect of NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Mathew Dzingai ◽  
Malibongwe S. Manono ◽  
Kirsten C. Corin
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Flotation Performance ◽  
Anion Distribution ◽  
Nickel Grade

Water scarcity necessitates the recycling of process water within mineral processing practices. This may however come with its disadvantages for unit operations such as froth flotation as this process is water intensive and sensitive to water chemistry. It is therefore important to monitor the water chemistry of the recycle stream of process water and any other water source to flotation. Monitoring the concentrations of the anions in recycled process water is therefore important to consider as these are speculated to impact flotation performance. Batch flotation tests were conducted using synthetically prepared plant water (3 SPW) with a TDS of 3069 mg/L as the baseline experiment. 3 SPW contained 528 mg/LNO3− and 720 mg/L SO42−, other anions and cations, and no S2O32−. Upon spiking 3 SPW with selected anions, viz, NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−, it was noted that NO3− and SO42− exhibited threshold concentrations while S2O32− did not show a threshold concentration for both copper and nickel grade. Spiking 3 SPW with 352 mg/L more of NO3− to a total 880 mg/L NO3− concentration resulted in the highest copper and nickel grade compared to 3 SPW while increasing the S2O32− from 60 to 78 mg/L increased nickel and copper grade. 720 to 1200 mg/L SO42− and 528 to 880 mg/L NO3− were deemed the concentration boundaries within which lies the threshold concentration above which flotation performance declines with respect to metal grades, while for S2O32− the threshold concentration lies outside the range considered for this study. Anion distribution between the pulp and the froth did not seem to impact the recovery of copper or nickel. Notably, the correlation between the concentrate grades and anion distribution between the froth and the pulp seemed to be ion dependent.

scholarly journals Effect of Flotation Time and Collector Dosage on Estonian Phosphorite Beneficiation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Kadriann Tamm ◽  
Zeinab Arab Zadeh ◽  
Rein Kuusik ◽  
Juha Kallas ◽  
Jason Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

Phosphorus is an essential and non-substitutable element for the cellular processes of all living organisms. The main source of phosphorus in the biosphere is phosphate rock. With more than 700 Mt phosphate rock, Estonia holds the largest sedimentary phosphate rock deposits in the European Union. Estonian phosphate rock is particularly outstanding due to its remarkably low content of hazardous heavy metals such as Cadmium (<5 ppm) and trace elements of Uranium (<50 ppm). It is also a reliable source of valuable elements such as rear earth elements (REEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the main minerals (apatite and quartz) between slimes, tailings, and concentrates that formed at the froth flotation of Estonian phosphate rock with the up-to-date level of know-how and techniques. Subsequently, the relationship between the obtained grades and recovery levels in concentrates was determined based on the collector dosage and flotation duration. It was observed that the fine fraction of the tailings contains 17.9–33.49 wt% P2O5 that can be added to the final product. Moreover, it was found that, with the lower dosage of the collector, the extended flotation time does not influence the phosphate grade and a high amount of quartz remains in the concentrates. It was also shown that, by raising the collector dosage and setting the flotation time, an adequate grade (>32 wt% P2O5) and recovery (up to 98%) can be gained. The results showed that Estonian phosphate rock can be beneficiated to produce a high-quality concentrate at high recovery levels by modifying the main flotation parameters depending on the properties of the ore.

scholarly journals Review of the Main Factors Affecting the Flotation of Phosphate Ores

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Manar Derhy ◽  
Yassine Taha ◽  
Rachid Hakkou ◽  
Mostafa Benzaazoua
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Froth Stability ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Phosphate Ores

The way to successfully upgrade a phosphate ore is based on the full understanding of its mineralogy, minerals surface properties, minerals distribution and liberation. The conception of a treatment process consists of choosing the proper operations with an adequate succession depending on the ore properties. Usually, froth flotation takes place in phosphate enrichment processes, since it is cheap, convenient, and well developed. Nevertheless, it is a complex technique as it depends on the mineral’s superficial properties in aqueous solutions. Aspects such as wettability, surface charge, zeta potential, and the solubility of minerals play a basic role in defining the flotation conditions. These aspects range from the reagents type and dosage to the pH of the pulp. Other variables namely particles size, froth stability, and bubbles size play critical roles during the treatment, as well. The overall aim is to control the selectivity and recovery of the process. The following review is an attempt to add to previous works gathering phosphate froth flotation data. In that sense, the relevant parameters of phosphate ores flotation are discussed while focusing on apatite, calcite, dolomite, and quartz as main constituent minerals.

scholarly journals An approach to the evaluation of froth flotation reagents based on the use of the SWARA and WS-PLP methods

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Dragiša Stanujkić ◽  
Dragan Milanović ◽  
Srđana Magdalinović ◽  
Ivana Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Flotation Reagents

FROTH FLOTATION OF RUBBER AND RESIN COMPONENTS OF MILKWEED AND OTHER PLANTS THAT CONTAIN RESINS, RUBBER, BALATA, OR RELATED GUMMY SUBSTANCES

1943 ◽  
Vol 21b (10) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. T. Turrall ◽  
H. Smedley ◽  
J. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Flotation Reagents ◽  
Flotation Agents ◽  
Wild Lettuce ◽  
Flotation Method

Application of the froth flotation methods used in mineral dressing operations to the separation of rubber–resin fractions of milkweed offers hope of placing the extraction of such plant materials on a continuous rather than a batch basis. When the flotation method was used, no chemical treatment or flotation agents were necessary for the separation of rubber–resin from milkweed, though additional flotation reagents were found necessary for some other plants. The rubber–resin components of all plants studied, namely, milkweed, dogbane, goat's-beard, sow thistle, and wild lettuce, were successfully concentrated.Under favourable conditions rubber–resins may not agglomerate during ball-milling; in some instances the flotation method can be used for the separation of the dispersed rubber–resin.

Film Size During Bubble Collision With a Solid Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis S. Emery ◽  
Satish G. Kandlikar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Surface ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Bond Number ◽  
Film Drainage ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Archimedes Number ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Bubble Collision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact and bounce of a bubble with a solid surface is of significant interest to many industrial processes such as froth flotation and biomedical engineering. During the impact, a liquid film becomes trapped between the bubble and the solid surface. The pressure buildup in this film leads to the generation of a film force. The drainage rate of this film plays a crucial role in dictating the bouncing process and is known to be a function of the radial film size. However, radial film size is not an easily attained experimental measurement and requires advanced instrumentation to capture. The bouncing process has been characterized using nondimensional numbers that are representative of the bubble collision and film drainage phenomena. These are: Bond number (Bo), Archimedes number (Ar), Froude number (Fr), and the ratio of film force to buoyancy force (FF/FB). These numbers are used to define a predictive function for film radius. Experimentally validated numerical modeling has been implemented to determine the relationship between the four nondimensional numbers, and a quasi-static model is employed to relate the film force to the radial film size. Comparison of our experimental results is in agreement with the predicted film size within ±20%. From these results, the radial film size during bubble impact with a solid surface may be predicted using the easily measurable experimental parameters of bubble size, bubble impact velocity, and the liquid properties.

Some Effects of Electrolyte Composition and Heat Treatment on the Aqueous Crevice Corrosion of Alloy 600 and Type 304 Stainless Steel at 288 C

CORROSION ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE F. TAYLOR ◽  
MICHAEL SILVERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Alloy 600 ◽  
Dissolution Model ◽  
Ion Effects ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Crevice experiments with small bore Alloy 600 and Type 304 stainless steel tubing demonstrated that specific ion effects and heat treatments which change the microstructure of exposed surfaces, can counteract the charge transport/metal hydrolysis mechanism of crevice acidification. The results suggested that competition between the macroscopic electrochemical cell or “macrocell” mechanism, and direct reduction of water, hydrogen ions, or anions by the alloy, established the direction and extent of changes in pH. A simple uniform dissolution model correctly predicted the relationship among metal ion concentrations and the pH in a crevice when only macrocell corrosion occurred.

scholarly journals Zinc Recovery from Wulagen Sulfide Flotation Plant Tail by Applying Ether Amine Organic Collectors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Zilong Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiao Ni ◽  
Yinfei Liao ◽  
Zhian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Flotation Tailings ◽  
Sulfide Flotation ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
Flotation Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Amine Adsorption

Separating oxidized zinc minerals from flotation tailings is always a challenge. In this study, a flotation tailing from Wulagen zinc mine in China (Zn grade < 1%) was processed using froth flotation with combinations of amines (OPA 10, OPA 1214, OPA 13, DDA) and Na2S to study the effects of these amines on the zinc recovery as well as their interactions with other reagents, aiming to screen out a proper reagent scheme to improve zinc separation from extremely low-grade zinc flotation tailings. The results show that different amines led to different flotation performance, and the collectors were ranked as OPA 1214, OPA 13, OPA 10 and DDA in a decreasing order based on flotation collectivity and selectivity. An increase in the concentration of each collector increased the zinc recovery but reduced the concentrate zinc grade. Interactions were also observed between different amines and Na2S and Na2SiO3, and OPA 1214 outdid the others in saving the usage of both the Na2S and Na2SiO3. The measured adsorption of collector onto smithsonite was found to correlate well with flotation test results. It was concluded that hydrocarbon chains can be held accountable for the difference in the flotation performance with different amines. The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the stronger the hydrophobic association ability of amine, which is conducive to the selective amine adsorption onto sulfurized smithsonite particles and hence the smithsonite flotation.

Study of the relationship between the zeta potential and floatability of cassiterite fine fractions

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
G. I. Gazaleeva ◽  
L. N. Nazarenko ◽  
E. G. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Salicylhydroxamic Acid ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
The Relationship

This article is a continuation of the authors’ research on improving the flotation process for fine tin products using zeta potential measurements on particle surfaces. The aim of the research is to establish the possibility of using certain reagents to intensify the flotation of fine cassiterite particles and to identify the mechanism behind the effect produced by the reagents on the surface of slurry particles in cassiterite flotation using zeta potential measurements. The results of experiments to select the best collector are presented, with salicylhydroxamic acid identified as the best option. Sodium hexametaphosphate pretreatment of a flotation slurry consisting of fine particles enables a more efficient cassiterite flotation, which is explained by the negative value of the z-potential for the particle surface. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate improves the yield by up to 3 %, with the mass fraction of tin growing from 1.2 to 1.75 %, and the recovery improving from 40 to 75 %. The results of z-potential measurements for the particle surface in the process of flotation indicate that its positive values are not always required and that the combined action of oxalic and sulfuric acids with salicylhydroxamic acid at a z-potential of –0.7 mV renders the maximum tin grade of 2.22 % in the froth flotation product. Gravity treatment of the flotation concentrate on concentration tables allows obtaining conditioned concentrates with the mass fractions of tin of 23.4 and 30.6 %. Finding the extremum of the z-potential for the particle surface during the flotation of tin minerals allows predicting the concentration results.

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