scholarly journals Effect of Flotation Time and Collector Dosage on Estonian Phosphorite Beneficiation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Kadriann Tamm ◽  
Zeinab Arab Zadeh ◽  
Rein Kuusik ◽  
Juha Kallas ◽  
Jason Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

Phosphorus is an essential and non-substitutable element for the cellular processes of all living organisms. The main source of phosphorus in the biosphere is phosphate rock. With more than 700 Mt phosphate rock, Estonia holds the largest sedimentary phosphate rock deposits in the European Union. Estonian phosphate rock is particularly outstanding due to its remarkably low content of hazardous heavy metals such as Cadmium (<5 ppm) and trace elements of Uranium (<50 ppm). It is also a reliable source of valuable elements such as rear earth elements (REEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the main minerals (apatite and quartz) between slimes, tailings, and concentrates that formed at the froth flotation of Estonian phosphate rock with the up-to-date level of know-how and techniques. Subsequently, the relationship between the obtained grades and recovery levels in concentrates was determined based on the collector dosage and flotation duration. It was observed that the fine fraction of the tailings contains 17.9–33.49 wt% P2O5 that can be added to the final product. Moreover, it was found that, with the lower dosage of the collector, the extended flotation time does not influence the phosphate grade and a high amount of quartz remains in the concentrates. It was also shown that, by raising the collector dosage and setting the flotation time, an adequate grade (>32 wt% P2O5) and recovery (up to 98%) can be gained. The results showed that Estonian phosphate rock can be beneficiated to produce a high-quality concentrate at high recovery levels by modifying the main flotation parameters depending on the properties of the ore.

E-Frameworks to Optimize Public Administration Services

2012 ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Decebal Popescu ◽  
Nirvana Popescu ◽  
Ciprian Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Relationship

Public administration is subject to major changes affecting many countries, such as the need to implement the European Union Services Directive within the entire EU area. This chapter presents theoretical and practical approaches to developing e-Services and e-Government solutions and real experiences in developing two successful projects with great potential to improve complex Government procedures. The Point of Single Contact is an electronic means through which service providers can find information and complete the formalities necessary to doing business there. Each EU member state must have its own PSC, which should be a reliable source of electronic processing of information that should facilitate the interaction of citizens with the public administration. The design and implementation details of an e-Framework for optimizing the relationship between Governments and citizens using eServices will be presented. Evaluation results obtained by integrating a real-life workflow for opening a business in the Romanian environment are shown. Also, in order to optimize automatic data transfers, document workflows, and business reporting of business organizations, an e-Services system is used.

scholarly journals Effect of Flotation Time and Collector Dosage on Estonian Phosphorite Beneficiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadriann Tamm ◽  
Zeinab Arab Zadeh ◽  
Rein Kuusik ◽  
Juha Kallas ◽  
Jason Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
European Union ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Living Organisms

Phosphorus is essential and non-substitutable chemical element required for the cellular processes of all living organisms. The main source of phosphorus in the biosphere is phosphate rock. With more than 700 Mt P2O5, Estonia holds the largest sedimentary phosphate rock deposits in European Union. Estonian phosphate rock is principally sandstone that holds abundant remains of phosphatic brachiopod shells and compared to other sedimentary rocks, is particularly outstanding by its remarkably low content of hazardous heavy metals such as Cd and saturated by valuable elements present in the rock such as rear earth elements (REEs).

E-Frameworks to Optimize Public Administration Services

2012 ◽  
pp. 438-465
Author(s):  
Decebal Popescu ◽  
Nirvana Popescu ◽  
Ciprian Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Relationship

Public administration is subject to major changes affecting many countries, such as the need to implement the European Union Services Directive within the entire EU area. This chapter presents theoretical and practical approaches to developing e-Services and e-Government solutions and real experiences in developing two successful projects with great potential to improve complex Government procedures. The Point of Single Contact is an electronic means through which service providers can find information and complete the formalities necessary to doing business there. Each EU member state must have its own PSC, which should be a reliable source of electronic processing of information that should facilitate the interaction of citizens with the public administration. The design and implementation details of an e-Framework for optimizing the relationship between Governments and citizens using eServices will be presented. Evaluation results obtained by integrating a real-life workflow for opening a business in the Romanian environment are shown. Also, in order to optimize automatic data transfers, document workflows, and business reporting of business organizations, an e-Services system is used.

Research and approaches to the integration processes in the European Union

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Alexander Motsyk
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Integration Levels

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends of integration processes. We studied the methodological principles and approaches to the study of the integration of subjects. Specifically analyzed integration levels: individual, regional, domestic, interstate, global. Also, isolated and characterized various forms of integration: political, economic, informational, cultural and others. We analyzed the integration process as a result of the relationship, cooperation, convergence and integration into a single unit of any parts, components countries, their economies, social and political structures, cultural, social and political groups, ethnic groups, political parties, movements and organizations. It is proved that integration has several levels of development. Interaction at the level of enterprises and organizations (first level) – directly to producers of goods and services. The integration of the economies of the main links of different countries is complemented by the interaction at the country level (the second level). The third level of development of integration processes – interaction at the level of parties and organizations, social groups and individuals from different countries – can be defined as a social and political one. Fourth level – is the level of the actual integration group as an economic community, with its characteristics and peculiarities. It was noted that today is used by political science approaches to the study of integration. It is important to the following principles: federalism, functionalism, communicative approach, and others. Keywords: Integration, levels, approaches, studies, European integration, politics, economics, features

Monitoring of environmental effects and process performance during biological treatment of sediment from the petroleum Harbour in Amsterdam

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Guus C. Stefess
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Silt Fraction

A full-scale (470 m3) process for biological treatment of dredging spoil from the Petroleum Harbour in Amsterdam has been monitored during a pilot project. The dredging spoil was heavily polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mineral oil. The remediation chain involved dredging, transport of dredged spoil, hydrocyclone separation, froth flotation of the coarse particles, and biological treatment of the silt fraction (&lt;20 μm) in stirred bioractors. The independent monitoring was aimed at recording the environmental effects, product quality and performance of the biological process. Hydrocyclone separation (cut point 20 m) resulted in two bulk streams: 65% sand and 30% silt (based on total dry weight of the input). The sand was cleaned and could be reused as building material. PAH and mineral oil were successfully concentrated in the silt fraction (&lt;20 μm), which was treated biologically. Biological treatment during continuous feeding of fine fraction, at a residence time of 8-10 days for the entire bioreactor system, resulted in considerably reduced mineral oil and PAH contents. Furthermore, the leaching of organic contaminants was reduced, as well as the ecotoxicity. The obtained silt product however did not meet the demands, and had to be landfilled. Minor emissions of contaminants were measured in wastewater and offgas. The energy and chemicals consumption were acceptable. The biological process appears to be promising for the treatment of less-severely contaminated dredged material.

Contractual Relationships among Artists, Record Labels, and Artist Management Companies in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ando
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
Music Business ◽  
Know How ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Employee Relationship ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Music Market ◽  
Japanese Music ◽  
The Relationship

Although Japan is the second largest music market in the world, the structure and practices of the music industry are little understood internationally. People overseas need to know how the music business works in Japan so that they can conduct business comfortably. The Japanese music industry has unique features in some respects. First, Japanese record labels remain heavily dependent on traditional physically packaged music although its profitability is much lower than that of digital distribution. Second, full-scale competition in the music copyright management business has just begun. While JASRAC monopolized this market for more than sixty years, the new entrant, NexTone has gradually increased the market share thanks to the frustration experienced by many music publishers and songwriters in their dealings with JASRAC. Third, the relationship between artists and artist management companies is more like an employer-employee relationship than a client-agent relationship. Artist management companies are fully invested in discovering, nurturing, and marketing young artists just the way big businesses handle their recruits. This chapter illuminates practices of the Japanese music industry for an international audience.

scholarly journals Trade, Politics, and Democratization: The 1997 Global Agreement Between the European Union and Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Sanahuja
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
Trade Politics ◽  
Global Agreement ◽  
The Relationship

Mexico and the European Union signed a new Political and Economic Association Agreement in December 1997 and ultimately a free-trade agreement in March 2000, aiming to establish a new model of relations with a more dynamic trade and investment component. This article analyzes the 1997 agreement as background to the final accord. Economic and political changes in the 1990s modified both parties’ participation in the international political economy, helping to overcome some of the structural obstacles to the relationship. The policy toward Latin America adopted by the EU in 1994 was influential. The negotiation process revealed divergences over the scope of the liberalization process and the so-called democracy clause.

scholarly journals Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Reinl ◽  
Heiko Giebler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.

Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ilina Cenevska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.

scholarly journals Soft Law Engagements and Hard Law Preferences: Comparing EU Lobbying Positions between UN Global Compact Signatory Firms and Other Interest Group Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Onna van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Un Global Compact ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gone “mainstream,” the relationship between CSR and corporate political activities (CPA) has received little scholarly attention. This is problematic because firms potentially have a more sizable impact through their lobbying activities for socially and environmentally beneficial (or unbeneficial) public policies than through their own operations. This paper investigates if, and how, UN Global Compact signatory firms differ in their policy preferences on key EU proposals compared to other interest groups. To capture state-of-the-art data on firms’ policy preferences, I draw from the INTEREURO database, which includes firms’ lobbying positions on forty-three directives and twenty-seven regulations covering 112 public policy issues in the European Union. Statistical results show that Global Compact signatory firms significantly lobby for stricter regulation than non-signatory firms and industry associations, however, their positions are still lower than nonbusiness groups. These results are similar across various public policy issues and suggest that the regulatory preferences of firms’ participating in soft law CSR initiatives are more aligned with stakeholders' interests. This paper contributes to public policy literature exploring the relationship between hard and soft law as well as literature studying the political representation of divergent interest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document